about technology and infrastructure, internet, sub net, electronic commerce,

1. Electronic Commerce(9th edition)
Gary P. Shneider
Chapter 2
TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE: THE
INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Vajiheh Zoghiyan
Nov. 2013

2. VAJIHEH ZOGHIYAN
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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3. After IPV4
IPV6
• Why?
Limited addressing capacity of IPV4
• Preferences?
IPV6 uses a 128-bit number for addresses instead
IPV4 uses a 32-bit number
Available addresses in IPV6 is 2^128 addresses
while in IPV4 is 2^32 addresses!!!
• Differences?
Eliminate unnecessary fields and adds security
fields and other optional information
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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4. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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5. Notation System
•
•
•
•
•
Uses 8 groups of 16 bits (8*16=128)
Each group is expressed as four hexadecimal digits
The groups are separated by colons(:)
Uses 16 characters:1,2,…,9,a,b,…,f
An example:
CD18:0000:0000:AF23:0000:FF9E:61B2:884D
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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6. Domain Names(such as www.bernardo.com)
•Specifying each IP address to a domain name which is easier
to use
Example:
CD18:0000:0000:AF23:0000:FF9E:61B2:884D
relates to www.bernardo.com
•For many years, these domains have included a group of
generic domains such as .edu, .com, .org
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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7. World Wide Web
TLD : Top Level Domain
www.sandiego.com
The institution : University of San Diego
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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8. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers(ICANN)
• Since 1998, it has the responsibility of managing
domain names and coordinating them with the IP
address registers.
• Also responsible for setting standards for router
computers
• Because of taking over these responsibilities,
ICANN has added a number of new TLDs.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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9. Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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10. TLD
Use
.com
U.S. commercial
.edu
4-year educational institution
.gov
U.S. federal government
.mil
U.S. military
.net
U.S. general use
.org
U.S. not-for-profit organization
.us
U.S. general use
.asia
Companies , individuals, and organizations based in Asian-Pacific regions
.biz
Businesses
.info
General use
.name
Individual persons
.pro
Licensed professionals (such as accountants, lawyers, physicians)
.au
Australia
.ca
Canada
.de
Germany
.fi
Finland
.fr
France
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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11. Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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12. Increasing TLDs
• Some people think ICANN violated the democratic
principles on which the organization was founded.
• More difficulties for companies to protect their
corporate and product brand names(more on chapter 7).
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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13. Convergence Center
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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14. Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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15. Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols
(client/server architecture)
Web Browser such
as Mozilla,
Chrome,IE, Safari &
etc.
Web Client Computer
Web Server Software
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
Web Server
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16. HTTP
• The set of rules for delivering Web page files over
the Internet is in a protocol called the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which was
developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991.
• The combination of the protocol name and
the domain name is called a Uniform Resource Locator
(URL).
http://www.yahoo.com
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
URL
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17. Web browser address bar
Yahoo!
Web server computer
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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18. Electronic Mail Protocols
(client/server structure)
Email Service:
Gmail or hot mail
or yahoo mail
Email server software and
uses several email client
software like: microsoft
outlook, mozilla
thundrebird, pegasus mail
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
Email Server
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19. SMTP,POP
coordinating
Gmail
Hotmail
•
Protocol: rules for computer data transmission
•
SMTP(simple mail transfer protocol): specifies the
format of a mail message, how mail administered on
the server and transmitted on the internet.
•
POP(post office protocol): tell the email server to send
mail or ask if it has received.
•
MIME(multipurpose internet mail extensions): sending
spreadsheets, sounds or photo clips.
•
IMAP(interactive mail access protocol):the same basic
function as POP but send only selected email
messages.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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20. Spam/Bulk/UCE(Unsolicited Commercial
Email)
i. major problem for companies,
ii. consuming bandwidth on company
networks
iii. consuming space on e-mail servers
iv. distracts employees to do their job
v. their content can be offensive
vi. a hostile work environment
vii. Costs businesses more than $40 billion per
year in lost productivity
( more on chapter 8)
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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21. MARKUP LANGUAGES AND THE WEB
SGML
Standard Generalized
Markup Language
1st standards established in
1996
HTML
XML
Hypertext Markup
Language
Extensible Markup
Language
1st standards established
in 1991
1st standards established in
1998
XHTML
Extensible Hypertext
Markup Language
1st standards established in 2000
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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22. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• A not-for-profit group that maintains standards
for the Web,
• Since the 1960s, publishers have used markup
languages to create documents that can be:
1.formatted once,
2.stored electronically,
3.printed many times in various layouts.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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23. Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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24. International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• Standardized first GML created by W3C and named it
SGML.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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25. Strengths and Weaknesses of SGML Tags
Nonproprietary
Platform independent
Offers user-defined tags
X
X
X
X
Not well suited to certain tasks
Costly to set up and maintain
Expensive software tools
Hard to learn
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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26. HTML
• Can create relationships among text elements within one
document or among several documents.
• The text elements that are related to each other are
called hypertext elements.
• After HTML 4.0 was finalized in 1999, Browser developers
worked on adding new features to their software.
• In 2007, three browser developers (Apple, Opera, and
the Mozilla Foundation) began working on an updated
version of HTML that would include features such as
audio and video within the markup language itself.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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27. A part of HTML
<strong>A Review of the Book <em>HTML Is
Fun!</em></strong>
It would be shown like this:
A Review of the Book HTML Is Fun!
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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28. HTML Links
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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29. Hyper Link
• Web sites can use links to direct customers to pages
on the company’s Web server.
• The way links lead customers through pages can
affect the usefulness of the site and can play a major
role in shaping customers’ impressions of the
company.
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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30. Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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Hierarchical Structure
Linear Structure

31. Hybrid Structure
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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32. Why XML after HTML?
Companies began to E-Commerce, so…
Present large amounts of data
Large lists of inventory items
Great lists of sales invoices
Lots of purchase orders
Other business data
Keep these lists updated
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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33. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Gathered by: Vajiheh Zoghiyan
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