Simone Braun, Valentin Zacharias, Hans-Jörg Happel Social Semantic Bookmarking

This Presentation Goal: To introduce the concept of „Social Semantic Bookmarking“ Part 1: Social bookmarking systems are inherently limited by their use of linguistic tags. Part 2: Semantic annotation systems are limited by the separation between development and use of the model. Part 3: The advantages of both can be combined while avoiding the problems.

Goal: To introduce the concept of „Social Semantic Bookmarking“

Part 1: Social bookmarking systems are inherently limited by their use of linguistic tags.

Part 2: Semantic annotation systems are limited by the separation between development and use of the model.

Part 3: The advantages of both can be combined while avoiding the problems.

Current social bookmarking systems are lightweight, easy to use and proven systems; however, their use of linguistic tags causes a lack of precision and recall due to problems such as polysemy, synonymy, or the basic level phenomena. Part 1: Social Bookmarking

Current social bookmarking systems are lightweight, easy to use and proven systems; however, their use of linguistic tags causes a lack of precision and recall due to problems such as polysemy, synonymy, or the basic level phenomena.

Social Bookmarking, Definition Bookmark: Manually created reference to (internet) content deemed interesting. (Linguistic) Tag: Arbitrary keyword assigned to an entity (e.g. bookmark) to aid in management and retrieval. Social Bookmarking Site: Website facilitating discovery of interesting content & persons through shared tags and bookmarks.

Bookmark: Manually created reference to (internet) content deemed interesting.

(Linguistic) Tag: Arbitrary keyword assigned to an entity (e.g. bookmark) to aid in management and retrieval.

Social Bookmarking Site: Website facilitating discovery of interesting content & persons through shared tags and bookmarks.

Social Bookmarking – Advantages & Problems Advantages: Lightweight, easy to use, adaptable, no setup, proven – used by millions of users.

Advantages: Lightweight, easy to use, adaptable, no setup, proven – used by millions of users.

Disadvantages: Lack of precision due to ... (Mis-) Spelling: plurals, abbreviations, compound words, or typos; e.g. ‘noodle’ vs. ‘noodle s ’, ‘spaghettiCarbonara’ vs. spaghetti _c arbonara’, spagetti’ vs. ‘spag h etti’, Polysemy: tags with multiple related meanings; e.g. ‘pasta’ as dish vs. ‘pasta’ as the ingredient itself. Homonymy: tags with multiple unrelated meanings; e.g. ‘noodle’ as ingredient vs. swearword.

Disadvantages: Lack of precision due to ...

(Mis-) Spelling: plurals, abbreviations, compound words, or typos; e.g. ‘noodle’ vs. ‘noodle s ’, ‘spaghettiCarbonara’ vs. spaghetti _c arbonara’, spagetti’ vs. ‘spag h etti’,

Polysemy: tags with multiple related meanings; e.g. ‘pasta’ as dish vs. ‘pasta’ as the ingredient itself.

Homonymy: tags with multiple unrelated meanings; e.g. ‘noodle’ as ingredient vs. swearword.

Disadvantages: Lack of recall due to ... Multilingualism: no relation between tags in different languages; e.g. ‘pasta’ vs. ‘Nudeln’ Synonymy: no relation between different tags with the same meaning even in the same language; e.g. ‘vermicellini’ vs. ‘spaghettoni’ Mismatch of Abstraction Level (Basic Level Phenomenom): no relation between tags at different levels of abstraction due to different intentions or levels of expertise of the users; e.g. ‘spaghetti’ vs. ‘pasta’ vs. ‘bigoli’ (thicker spaghetti) and ‘vermicelli’ (thinner spaghetti)

Disadvantages: Lack of recall due to ...

Multilingualism: no relation between tags in different languages; e.g. ‘pasta’ vs. ‘Nudeln’

Synonymy: no relation between different tags with the same meaning even in the same language; e.g. ‘vermicellini’ vs. ‘spaghettoni’

Mismatch of Abstraction Level (Basic Level Phenomenom): no relation between tags at different levels of abstraction due to different intentions or levels of expertise of the users; e.g. ‘spaghetti’ vs. ‘pasta’ vs. ‘bigoli’ (thicker spaghetti) and ‘vermicelli’ (thinner spaghetti)

By giving context to tags, semantic annotation promises to solve the problems of linguistic tagging. However, because of a separation between creation and use of the semantic model, new problems emerge. Part 2: Semantic Annotation

By giving context to tags, semantic annotation promises to solve the problems of linguistic tagging.

However, because of a separation between creation and use of the semantic model, new problems emerge.

Semantic Annotation, Definition Annotation: An addition made to an entity to aid management, retrieval etc. Semantic Annotation: An annotation done using a term described with some background knowledge (usually contained in an ontology); e.g. its relation to other terms or the words used to refer to it. OntoMat

Annotation: An addition made to an entity to aid management, retrieval etc.

Semantic Annotation: An annotation done using a term described with some background knowledge (usually contained in an ontology); e.g. its relation to other terms or the words used to refer to it.

Semantic Annotation – Advantages Advantages: Better Retrieval: Explicitly represented concept relations can improve query and browse functionality. Better Use Of Annotation: Machine understandable context of annotations can be used to better exploit these; e.g. a system aware that an term represents a location can then display annotations geographically or make them available based on user location.

Advantages:

Better Retrieval: Explicitly represented concept relations can improve query and browse functionality.

Better Use Of Annotation: Machine understandable context of annotations can be used to better exploit these; e.g. a system aware that an term represents a location can then display annotations geographically or make them available based on user location.

Advantages: Better Quality Assurance: Context information about annotation term can facilitate automatic checks for errors. Better (Semantic Web) Integration: Semantic annotations can be interchanged between applications using the same (or mapped) ontologies. They can also be processed by ontology aware (semantic web) agents. Better Support of Vocabulary Management: Relying on standardized ontology representation languages, a wide range of ontology management tools can be used

Advantages:

Better Quality Assurance: Context information about annotation term can facilitate automatic checks for errors.

Better (Semantic Web) Integration: Semantic annotations can be interchanged between applications using the same (or mapped) ontologies. They can also be processed by ontology aware (semantic web) agents.

Better Support of Vocabulary Management: Relying on standardized ontology representation languages, a wide range of ontology management tools can be used

Disadvantages: High Cost: Ontologies are usually created by highly paid knowledge engineers that also first need to learn about the domain. Domain Errors: The knowledge engineers’ limited understanding of the domain may cause errors in the resulting ontology. Heavyweight Process and Upfront Investment: Upfront investment needed to create ontology before use. Involvement of KE’s leads to heavyweight update processes.

Disadvantages:

High Cost: Ontologies are usually created by highly paid knowledge engineers that also first need to learn about the domain.

Domain Errors: The knowledge engineers’ limited understanding of the domain may cause errors in the resulting ontology.

Heavyweight Process and Upfront Investment: Upfront investment needed to create ontology before use. Involvement of KE’s leads to heavyweight update processes.

Disadvantages: High Time Lag: Separating use and creation leads to a time lag between domain changes and their realization in the ontology. Low Appropriateness and Understandability: An ontology needs to be understandable for the users and appropriate for the their tasks. This is much harder to achieve when usage and development of the ontology is done by different sets of people.

Disadvantages:

High Time Lag: Separating use and creation leads to a time lag between domain changes and their realization in the ontology.

Low Appropriateness and Understandability: An ontology needs to be understandable for the users and appropriate for the their tasks. This is much harder to achieve when usage and development of the ontology is done by different sets of people.

Hypothesis Social Bookmarking lacks semantic precision and recall. Semantic Annotation stumbles because of the separation between creation and use of the semantic model. But they can be combined in a way that avoids their respective drawbacks while retaining the advantages.

Social Bookmarking lacks semantic precision and recall.

Semantic Annotation stumbles because of the separation between creation and use of the semantic model.

Social Semantic Bookmarking allows for annotating resources with concepts from an ontology whose definition and description evolves collaboratively within the same system and by the same people that use it. Part 3: Social Semantic Bookmarking

Social Semantic Bookmarking allows for annotating resources with concepts from an ontology whose definition and description evolves collaboratively within the same system and by the same people that use it.

SOBOLEO SOBOLEO: SO cial BO okmarking and L ightweight E ngineering of O ntologies Social Semantic Bookmarking System created by FZI Browser based, consisting of annotation bookmarklet collaborative real-time editor for ontology browse interface search engine Try it at: http://tool.soboleo.com/ Any Username Password: www2007 No Registration, No Installation

SOBOLEO: SO cial BO okmarking and L ightweight E ngineering of O ntologies

Social Semantic Bookmarking System created by FZI

Browser based, consisting of

annotation bookmarklet

collaborative real-time editor for ontology

browse interface

search engine

SOBOLEO – Walkthrough Overview User finds and bookmarks interesting pasta recipe, transparently adding new concept ‘Spaghetti’ to ontology. User adds more information about new concept. Different users searches at different level of abstraction Try it at: http://tool.soboleo.com/ Any Username Password: www2007 No Registration, No Installation

User finds and bookmarks interesting pasta recipe, transparently adding new concept ‘Spaghetti’ to ontology.

User adds more information about new concept.

Different users searches at different level of abstraction

(Part of) Ontology Search noodles garlic basil Page Bookmark Garlic Spaghetti Pasta ( aka: Noodles) Spaghetti ( aka: Spaghetto)

SOBOLEO Replaces linguistic tags with topics that can have powerful descriptions; thereby avoiding problems stemming from lack of semantic precision in tags. Topics similar to concepts in semantic annotation, but as easy to create as tags. Well received by users in three usability evaluations. Currently evaluation to show actual gain in retrieval through the semantic features.

Replaces linguistic tags with topics that can have powerful descriptions; thereby avoiding problems stemming from lack of semantic precision in tags.

Topics similar to concepts in semantic annotation, but as easy to create as tags.

Well received by users in three usability evaluations.

Currently evaluation to show actual gain in retrieval through the semantic features.

Social Semantic Bookmarking a wider trend with multiple different approaches Extended Comparison in Paper Import/ Export Formats Synonyms Relations Shared Relation Editing Bibsonomy XML, RSS, BURST, SWRC, Bibtex No Broader/ Narrower No Int.ere.st SCOT, SIOC, FOAF Yes Identical No GroupMe! RSS, DC, FOAF No Group Yes Fuzzzy XTM, RSS Yes Broader/ Narrower, Specific association types Yes Annotea Annotea Yes Broader/ Narrower No SOBOLEO SKOS, RSS Yes Broader/ Narrower, Related Yes

Social Semantic Bookmarking a wider trend with multiple different approaches

Summary Part 1: Social bookmarking systems are inherently limited by their use of linguistic tags. Part 2: Semantic annotation systems are limited by the separation between development and use of the model. Part 3: Social Semantic Bookmarking combines the advantages of both while avoiding the problems. SOBOLEO was introduced as such a system.

Part 1: Social bookmarking systems are inherently limited by their use of linguistic tags.

Part 2: Semantic annotation systems are limited by the separation between development and use of the model.

Part 3: Social Semantic Bookmarking combines the advantages of both while avoiding the problems. SOBOLEO was introduced as such a system.

Thank you for your Attention ! Hans-Jörg Happel (happel@fzi.de) Simone Braun (braun@fzi.de) Valentin Zacharias (zach@fzi.de) Try SOBOLEO at: http://tool.soboleo.com/ Any Username Password: www2007 No Registration, No Installation

Hans-Jörg Happel (happel@fzi.de)

Simone Braun (braun@fzi.de)

Valentin Zacharias (zach@fzi.de)