Perspectives of SO Research

Perspectives of Strategic SO Research Dr. Valentin Zacharias , Dr. Jens Nimis, Prof. Dr. Stefan Tai BITKOM Forum SOA 2009, Frankfurt, 28. Mai 2009

Our ‚Service Cluster‘

Strategic SO Research

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

FZI Research Center for Information Technology

independent, non-profit contract research and knowledge transfer organization

Karlsruhe Service Research Institute

generate concepts, methods and technologies to generate and utilize economic value in a services-led economy

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

federation University Karlsruhe and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Our ‚Service Cluster‘ (simplified)

Alexander Lenk, Andreas Eberhardt, Christian Zirpins, Christoph Rathfelder, Darko Anicic, Henning Groenda, Jens Nimis, Markus Klems, Natalja Pulter, Nelly Schuster, Nenad Stojanovic, Nils Heuer, Roland Stühmer, Stefan Tai, Steve Battle, Thomas Sandholm, Valentin Zacharias

Persons

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

SOA: A form of distributed architecture for information systems that has been designed according to Service Orientation principles.

SO: A paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities to produce value. It concerns in particular

Software Engineering

Business Process Management

Business Model Design

SSME: The interdisciplinary approach to the study, design and implementation of service systems.

SO vs SOA

SO Research

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

Building on virtualization technologies and harnessing modern Web Technologies Cloud Computing provides scalable and affordable compute utilities as on-demand services

Application of SOA principles

Combination of SOA principles with (utility computing) business model

Cloud Computing is

Opportunity for SOA realization

Opportunity for SOA utilization

Cloud Computing & SOA

(Research) Challenges:

How to avoid ‘vendor lock in’ when using PaaS?

How to stay complaint with data security and privacy laws when using cloud storage?

How to extend SSO to the cloud?

...

From a strategic perspective it boils down to two:

When and Which to Use: How does an organization best take advantage of (existing) cloud offerings?

What to Offer: Which (if any) services should an organization develop (further) to create its own cloud offerings?

Cloud Computing Research Challenges

Cloud TCO: „Do Clouds Compute? A Framework for Estimating the Value of Cloud Computing“

When To Use Cloud Offerings (IaaS)? Markus Klems, Jens Nimis, Stefan Tai 7th Workshop on e-Business, Paris, December 2008 1st Workshop on Cloud Computing and its Applications, Chicago, October 2008

Cloud TCO Approach Understand and valuate benefits from cloud computing

Estimate costs

variable costs

fixed costs

time to market

Estimate value

Business value

Economic value

Derive strategies

Decision processes

Recommendations

Business transformation

Collect real-world use cases and identify typical scenarios Examine key aspects from business and IT perspective

business objectives

foster innovation

rapid prototyping

leverage Web as platform

demand behavior

seasonal

temporary spikes

unpredictable

IT requirements

scalability

reliable and stable platform

high availability

Framework for estimating value and determine benefits from Cloud Computing as an alternative to conventional IT infrastructure, such as on-premise infrastructure.

Cloud TCO Framework 1. Business Scenario 2. Cost Comparison Value of Cloud Computing Service in opportunity costs

Step 1: Qualitative Analysis 1. Business Scenario Create a list of Cloud Computing providers and their services and evaluate the services that meet your business scenario requirements according to the following criteria. 1.1 Business Case 1.2 Organization 1.3 Compliance 1.4 Business Objectives 1.5 Strategy 1.6 Demand 1.7 Application 1.8 Non-Functional Requirements 1.9 Finance

Real-world Example Animoto [http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/04/animoto---scali.html] 1.1 Business Case

Animoto Videos Facebook application

1.2 Organization

Start-up company

1.3 Compliance

(data ownership and privacy regulations)

1.4 Business Objectives Drastically increase user base 1.5 Strategy Viral marketing 1.6 Demand

Exponential growth: increase to 250,000 users within three days (1000%)

1.7 Application

Generate personalized music videos from users’ images and music files

1.8 Non-Functional Requirements

Scalability

High availability

1.9 Finance Low liquidity, tie costs to growth

„ Slashdot Effect“ Animoto Example [http://www.animoto.com]

Step 2: Quantitative Analysis 2. Cost Comparison ** e.g. Amazon EC2 and S3, FlexiScale, Mosso (Rackspace), Joyent, etc. * e.g. on-premise IT infrastructure Infrastructure #1* (world without Cloud Computing) Infrastructure #2** (world with Cloud Computing) Define a cost metric for each attribute Calculate a cost estimate for #1 for each attribute Define a cost metric for each attribute Identify comparable infrastructure attributes Calculate a cost estimate for #2 for each attribute Aggregate the cost estimates Aggregate the cost estimates Value of Cloud Computing Services in terms of opportunity costs

Quantitative Analysis Example 2. Cost Comparison ** e.g. Amazon EC2 and S3, FlexiScale, Mosso (Rackspace), Joyent, etc. * e.g. on-premise IT infrastructure Infrastructure #1* (world without Cloud Computing) Infrastructure #2** (world with Cloud Computing) Define a cost metric for each attribute Calculate a cost estimate for #1 for each attribute Define a cost metric for each attribute Identify comparable infrastructure attributes Calculate a cost estimate for #2 for each attribute Aggregate the cost estimates Aggregate the cost estimates Value of Cloud Computing Services in terms of opportunity costs e.g. processing power (ECU), storage capacity, … On-premise infrastructure Amazon EC2 Cumulative costs for attribute “processing power” Cumulative costs for attribute “processing power” Weigh costs for “processing power” with 100% Weigh costs for “processing power” with 100% Compare costs

Simple Cost Calculation * plus additional infrastructure, power, networking and IT staff; keep 20% empty space buffer to max. predicted demand Cost Comparison: IT infrastructure #1 IT infrastructure #2 Description Quad-core servers* Amazon EC2 Scenario Starting with 400 ECU in the first month; 1000% instant traffic increase in the second month; then back to 400 Metric: USD / (ECU * h) 0.02 0.125 Cum. costs of 1 st month 56,729 USD 33,600USD Cum. costs of first 6 months 340,373 USD 277,200 USD

Extend and develop into systematic, scorecard aided process for technology decision making

Cloud TCO – Current Work

Help organizations to

define themselves in the SOA and Cloud world

take „ next step“ decisions

in a simple way:

easy to use for consultants

immediate automatic evaluation of the answers

How to become a cloud enabled organization?

(partly published in):

iSOAMM: An independent SOA Maturity Model

iSOAMM+CCMM Christoph Rathfelder, Henning Groenda 8th IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems (DAIS'08)

Build of a new Cloud Computing Maturity Model:

5 levels of Maturity

Approach

Build of a new Cloud Maturity Model:

5 levels of Maturity

2 parts: IS-Analysis, GOAL-Analysis

Approach

Two strategic questions concerning Clouds and SOA:

When and Which to Use: How does an organization best take advantage of (existing) cloud offerings?

To address the “When and Which questions”:

Cloud TCO : Framework supporting Cloud-Not Cloud decisions

CCMM : Framework supporting organizational evolution towards full realization of cloud computing’s potential

Summary

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

(Attempted) Servicification of Everything , e.g.

data as a service

desktop as a service

information as a service

market making as a service

integration as a service

...

XaaS (EaaS, *aaS)

Overview:

A quick overview of established cloud services

Pushing the boundaries

LaaS

CEP-aaS

XaaS (EaaS, *aaS)

Cloud Computing Stack

What’s Inside the Cloud? An Architectural Map of the Cloud Landscape

Alexander Lenk, Thomas Sandholm, Markus Klems, Jens Nimis and Stefan Tai

1st WS on Software Engineering Challenges in Cloud Computing @ ICSE 2009, Vancouver, May 2009

Infrastructure as a Service

Resource Set

Machine Images

e.g. EC2, Eucalyptus

Infrastructure Services

Storage

Computational

Network

Database

e.g. Google Bigtable, GoogleFS, Hadoop MapReduce, HadoopFS

Platform as a Service

Programming Environment

Programming Language, Libraries

e.g. Django, Java

Execution Environment

Runtime Environment

e.g. Google App Engine, Java Virtual Machine

Software as a Service

Applications

User Interface

Frontend Application

e.g. Google Docs, Yahoo Email

Application Services

Webservices Interface

Basic or Composite

e.g. Opensocial, Google Maps

Human as a Service

Crowdsourcing

Enabling Collective Intelligence

e.g. Mechanical Turk

Information Markets

Prediction of events

e.g. Iowa Electronic Markets

Overview:

LaaS

CEP-aaS

XaaS (EaaS, *aaS)

Landscape As A Service

Virtual Private Data Centers for SAP Landscapes

Run entire SAP landscapes as a service on virtualized hardware

Advantages:

Much faster setup

Advanced monitoring

Better and more flexible utilization of (heterogeneous) hardware

Easily isolate landscapes

Landscape As A Service II

System (marketed as VPDC by SAP) already running ~100 SAP Landscapes

Improvement joint research with FZI

Research Challenges

Formalize knowledge about running applications, such that they ...

can be setup and maintained automatically and ...

take advantage of heterogeneous hardware resources

Overview:

LaaS

CEP-aaS

XaaS (EaaS, *aaS)

CEP as a Service

Complex Event Processing , or CEP , is primarily an event processing concept that deals with the task of processing multiple events with the goal of identifying the meaningful events within the event cloud. CEP employs techniques such as detection of complex patterns of many events, event correlation and abstraction, event hierarchies, and relationships between events such as causality, membership, and timing, and event-driven processes.

CEP Cloud:

A very scalable CEP implementation offered within a utility computing business model

Research Challenges

What interfaces allow the easy integration of CEP-aaS into a business environment?

What can be a pricing model for CEP-aaS?

How does efficient, scalable, multi-tenancy, distributed CEP look like?

CEP as a Service II

What to Offer: What are possible cloud offerings?

Established-aaS :

IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, HaaS

Emergent-aaS, e.g.:

Landscape as a Service

Complex Event Processing as a Service

Summary

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

Despite the promise of SOA to make application creation/changes cheap and easy, most organization have a (large) long tail of useful applications that are not created/adapted because

its still too expensive

IT staff is missing

communication breakdown between potential users and IT staff

IT departments too slow to respond

The Long Tail of Applications

A mashup is a lightweight (web) application that offers new functionality by combining, aggregating and transforming data and services

Mashup creation is relatively simply and increasingly supported by tools

Hypothesis : More available services and better mashup creation tools will enable (power) users to create their own (composite) applications

The Promise of Enterprise Mashups

Most reliable trend in computer science : Ever more people are becoming able to do ever more things with the computer.

Entering number used to be difficult

Now small programs are routinely written by millions of accountants

Even 3D modeling, creation of virtual worlds, animation becomes easy for millions of people

Programming used to require teams including people like Alan Turing – Now it can be taught in primary school.

Historical Perspective – its inevitable

Open High-Level Questions

How do Mashup fit into the enterprise software landscape? What is the class of requirements that are just waiting for mashups?

What is the paradigm that can be used to make the mashup idea understandable and useful for the enterprise?

In the MoSaiC project the FZI and HP investigate one answer to these questions

a service-oriented approach

for composite enterprise documents

supporting ad hoc collaboration

and weakly structured innovative processes .

The MoSaiC Project

No support of short-lived, creative collaborations and weakly structured processes in typical enterprise document usage

What is the class of requirements that are waiting for mashups? Structured processes (e.g., WFMS, DMS) Open collaboration (e.g., Wiki)

Service Incident Report (Template)

Assumption: Data needed for different parts of template managed by different services.

Currently:

Actual report exists only as idea in the head of people that use multiple systems

Data is copied into one document, initial data often not updated

Application specifically created for this use case

Customer Data Description of customer environment Incident Description Analysis Solution Invoice

Goal

Understand document template as mashup that can be created by domain users and that structured collaboration

Data is not copied to the report, it remains and is updated with the services that manage it.

Combination of SOA paradigm with document paradigm

Customer Data Description of customer environment Incident Description Analysis Solution Invoice

Solution Architecture High-level View Mashup Infrastructure Document Service Bus Doc. Publishing Services Doc. Layout Services Doc. Content Services Abstract Report

Clouded Decisions

XaaS und LaaS

Enterprise Mashups

Agenda

Perspectives of Strategic SO Research

When should businesses use cloud services?

Cloud TCO

How can businesses fully harness the cloud? –

CCMM (iSOAMM)

Which kind of services can be offered *aaS?

Established Services IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, HuaaS

Emergent Services: Landscape as a Service, Complex Event Processing as a service

How can we harness SOA and modern Web-Technology to tackle the ‚long tail‘ of useful but not existing applications?

Enterprise Mashups in the MOSAIC project

Summary

Thanks! Questions? Gartner recently named Enterprise Mashups a “Top 10 Strategic Technology for 2008”, noting that “by 2010, Web mashups will be the dominant model (80%) for the creation of composite enterprise applications.” Dr. Valentin Zacharias FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik Information Process Engineering (IPE) Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14 D-76131 Karlsruhe Tel.: +49-721-9654-806 Fax: +49-721-9654-807 [email_address] http://www.fzi.de