Nicole Deese, M.S. OOHN Intern August 4 th , 2009 Workplace Violence in Retail: Controls that Work

Coming Up Scary Statistics Risk Factors in Retail Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Research on What Works Summary

Scary Statistics

Risk Factors in Retail

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Research on What Works

Summary

Quick Stats - 2007 5488 Total Workplace Fatalities 835 Falls 488 Exposure to Harmful Substances 151 Fire and Explosions 22 Bodily Reaction and Exertion 839 Assaults & Violent Events 916 Contact with Objects 2234 Transportation Accidents

916

Quick Stats

Risk Factors in Retail

Risk Factors Cash

Cash

Risk Factors Public

Public

Risk Factors Few People

Few People

Risk Factors Night time work

Night time work

Risk Factors Poor Visibility

Poor Visibility

Risk Factors Easy Escape

Easy Escape

Controls that Work

General Duty Clause 5(a)(1) Employer failed to keep workplace safe Hazard was recognized Hazard was causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm Feasible and useful way to correct it Proposed abatement would significantly reduce the hazard

Employer failed to keep workplace safe

Hazard was recognized

Hazard was causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm

Feasible and useful way to correct it

Proposed abatement would significantly reduce the hazard

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Main Idea: Potential criminals think logically- weighing the pros & cons Make the pros & cons in our favor Increasing barriers Decreasing perceived rewards Most Effective is a Combination of Controls!

Main Idea: Potential criminals think logically- weighing the pros & cons

Make the pros & cons in our favor

Increasing barriers

Decreasing perceived rewards

Most Effective is a Combination of Controls!

Convenience Stores Associated with Reduced Risk: Employee Training Security Systems Bullet-Resistant Shielding ATM Machines Cash Handling Policies Hendricks, et al., 1999

Associated with Reduced Risk:

Employee Training

Security Systems

Bullet-Resistant Shielding

ATM Machines

Cash Handling Policies

Hendricks, et al., 1999

Cash-Handling Policies

Signage

Gas Stations, Motels, Liquor Stores Intervention (How): Safe Cash Handling Training Accessibility Signage Lighting Peek-Asa et al., 2004 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : High Compliers: 5% Decrease in Crime Low Compliers: 28% Increase in Crime Look up control risk n = 314 (intervention) n = 96 (control)

Intervention (How):

Safe

Cash Handling

Training

Accessibility

Signage

Lighting

Peek-Asa et al., 2004

Outcome / Reduction of Risk :

High Compliers: 5% Decrease in Crime

Low Compliers: 28% Increase in Crime

Look up control risk

n = 314 (intervention)

n = 96 (control)

Lighting - Outside

Lighting- Indoors

Liquor Stores Intervention (How): Lighting Training Escape Routes Visibility Casteel et al., 2004 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : 82% Reduction in Robbery Control Group Increase n = 9 (intervention) n = 13 (control)

Intervention (How):

Lighting

Training

Escape Routes

Visibility

Casteel et al., 2004

Outcome / Reduction of Risk :

82% Reduction in Robbery

Control Group Increase

n = 9 (intervention)

n = 13 (control)

Visibility

Retail - Variety Intervention (How): Cash Handling Safe Signage Visibility & Lighting Training Accessibility Casteel et al., 2008 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : High Compliers: 26% Lower Violent Crime Rate vs. Control 41% Lower Robbery & Attempted vs. Control n = 305 (intervention) n = 96 (control)

Intervention (How):

Cash Handling

Safe

Signage

Visibility & Lighting

Training

Accessibility

Casteel et al., 2008

Outcome / Reduction of Risk :

High Compliers: 26% Lower Violent Crime Rate vs. Control

41% Lower Robbery & Attempted vs. Control

n = 305 (intervention)

n = 96 (control)

Accessibility - Outside

Accessibility - Indoors Counter Goodies Door Door Door Goodies

Convenience Stores Intervention: Visibility & Lighting Counter Location Signage Time-Release Safe Clifton, 1987 Outcome / Reduction of Risk : 64% Decrease in Robberies n = 47 Stores

Intervention:

Visibility & Lighting

Counter Location

Signage

Time-Release Safe

Clifton, 1987

Outcome / Reduction of Risk :

64% Decrease in Robberies

n = 47 Stores

Buddy System Butterworth, 1991

State Plans Several State plans address WPV in retail: New Mexico Washington California Others address WPV in the healthcare setting and/or public sector: Oregon New York Delaware

Several State plans address WPV in retail:

New Mexico

Washington

California

Others address WPV in the healthcare setting and/or public sector:

Oregon

New York

Delaware

Summary CPTED- Reduce perceived gains, increase barriers. Most effective to use several controls together. Reduced crime rates by up to 82%! Hope this would be helpful to OSHA’s enforcement team.

CPTED- Reduce perceived gains, increase barriers.

Most effective to use several controls together.

Reduced crime rates by up to 82%!

Hope this would be helpful to OSHA’s enforcement team.

Questions or Comments? Thank you!