Nokia began as a paper mill in 1865 and diversified into various industries over the decades through mergers and acquisitions. In 1967, Nokia Corporation was formed by merging Nokia Company, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable Works. Nokia focused on telecommunications under Jorma Ollila's leadership in the 1980s-90s. Nokia's inclusive culture and dispersed R&D centers around the world fostered innovation by encouraging employees to freely develop their own ideas.