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PROBLEMA DEL AGENTE VIAJERO
POR SUS SIGLAS EN INGLES
TSP (TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM)
ESTE PROBLEMA ES FÁCIL DE
ENTENDER,
PERO DIFICIL DE RESOLVER.
Su planteamiento es:
Dadas n ciudades y el
costo Cij que se tiene al viajar
de una ciudad a otra, se debe
encontrar la ruta de costo
mínimo para visitarlas todas
pasando sólo una vez por cada
una de ellas, y regresando a la
de partida. A cada ruta se le
llama tour o ciclo hamiltoniano.
FORMAS DE RESOLVER TSP
I) Enumeración de todas las soluciones factibles. Es decir, enlistar todas las
posibles soluciones al problema, calcular sus costos asociados, e identificar, por
comparación, cuál es la solución con el costo más conveniente.
II) Métodos exactos. También llamados algoritmos óptimos, intentan descartar
familias enteras de posibles soluciones, tratando así de acelerar la búsqueda y
llegar a una óptima. Los que más se usan para resolver el TSP son Ramificación y
Acotamiento, y Ramificación y Corte.
III) Heurísticas. Son métodos obtienen buenas soluciones en tiempos de cómputo
muy cortos, aunque sin garantizar la solución optima.
LASHEURÍSTICAS
Heurísticas constructivas. Procedimientos
que se encargan de obtener una
solución a partir de un criterio inicial,
esto es, construyen una solución
factible.
Heurísticas de búsqueda local.
Procedimientos para mejorar soluciones
ya encontradas.
Heurísticas combinadas: Procedimientos
que constan de una heurística
constructiva y una heurística de
búsqueda local

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Heurísticas

  • 1.
  • 2. PROBLEMA DEL AGENTE VIAJERO POR SUS SIGLAS EN INGLES TSP (TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM) ESTE PROBLEMA ES FÁCIL DE ENTENDER, PERO DIFICIL DE RESOLVER.
  • 3. Su planteamiento es: Dadas n ciudades y el costo Cij que se tiene al viajar de una ciudad a otra, se debe encontrar la ruta de costo mínimo para visitarlas todas pasando sólo una vez por cada una de ellas, y regresando a la de partida. A cada ruta se le llama tour o ciclo hamiltoniano.
  • 4. FORMAS DE RESOLVER TSP I) Enumeración de todas las soluciones factibles. Es decir, enlistar todas las posibles soluciones al problema, calcular sus costos asociados, e identificar, por comparación, cuál es la solución con el costo más conveniente. II) Métodos exactos. También llamados algoritmos óptimos, intentan descartar familias enteras de posibles soluciones, tratando así de acelerar la búsqueda y llegar a una óptima. Los que más se usan para resolver el TSP son Ramificación y Acotamiento, y Ramificación y Corte. III) Heurísticas. Son métodos obtienen buenas soluciones en tiempos de cómputo muy cortos, aunque sin garantizar la solución optima.
  • 5. LASHEURÍSTICAS Heurísticas constructivas. Procedimientos que se encargan de obtener una solución a partir de un criterio inicial, esto es, construyen una solución factible. Heurísticas de búsqueda local. Procedimientos para mejorar soluciones ya encontradas. Heurísticas combinadas: Procedimientos que constan de una heurística constructiva y una heurística de búsqueda local