presentation on mobile cranes

Slide 1: CRANES www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 2: INTRODUCTION – A crane is a Tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose- built vehicle. Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton pendant control station, or by infrared or radio control. Where a cab operator is employed, workers on the ground will communicate with the operator through a system of standardized hand-signals or, in larger installations, radio systems; an experienced crew can position loads with great precision using only these signals. The largest revolving cranes in the world can be found on crane vessels. www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 3: Types of Cranes • Mobile • Hydraulic • Overhead • Gantry • Tower www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 4: WHEEL MOUNTED PICK AND CARRY CRANE www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 5: WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE • WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH SINGLE POINT CONTROL www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 6: WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE WHEEL MOUNTED TELESCOPIC CRANE WITH MULTI POINT CONTROL www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 7: TYPES OF CRANES www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 16: TOWER CRANE www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 18: Standard Boom www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 19: Crane Parts www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 20: Definitions • Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treads • Hoist - Used to lift and lower load. • Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackle • Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position • Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power • Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap • Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 21: Fly Jib www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 22: Fixed Jib www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 23: Luffing Jib www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 24: RINGER ATTACHMENT RINGER ATTACHMENT www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 25: RINGER ATTACHMENT RINGER ATTACHMENT www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 26: www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 27: Crane Inspection Guidelines • Preinspection • Crane Set up • Electrical Hazards • Load Charts • Safe operating precautions • Inspection Types • Starting the inspection • Specific inspection Items and references www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 28: Placement of the Crane www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 29: Load Chart www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 30: Load Chart www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 31: Crane Signals www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 34: Planning Before Start-Up • Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the load • Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location and voltage of overhead power lines. • Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds. • Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities. • Barricade areas within swing radius. • Ensure proper maintenance and inspections. • Determine safe areas to store materials and place machinery. www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 35: Know the Weight of the Load • Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation • Ensure lift calculations are correct • Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane • Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 36: Load Limiting Factors • Not level • Wind • Side loads • On its wheels • Lifting over the side • Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments • Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 37: Mobile Cranes – Lifting Principles • Center of Gravity • Leverage • Stability • Structural Integrity www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 38: Load Example – 30 ton crane • Will lift 27 Tonnes at 3m from the center pin of the crane – Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended • At 7.6m from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is only 6.7 Tonnes • At 22.5m from the center pin, the capacity is only 2 Tonnes www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 39: Crane Rope www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 40: Crane Rope www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 41: Training • Operators: – must qualify on specific crane type – Must include on-the-job training • Supervisor / competent person www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 42: Major Causes of Crane Accidents • Contact with power lines • Overturns • Falls • Mechanical failures www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 43: How Do Accidents Occur? • Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft • Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator • Lack of training • Inadequate maintenance or inspection www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 44: Who is at Risk • Operators • Persons at Crane Site www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 45: Crane Hazards • • Working too close to Improper load rating power lines • Excessive speeds • Improper exhaust • No hand signals system • Inadequate inspection • Shattered windows and maintenance • No steps/guardrails • Unguarded parts walkways • Unguarded swing radius • No boom angle indicator • Not using outriggers www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 46: Competent Person The competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. Broken If it needs fixing, Track take it out of service and don’t use it until it is fixed www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 47: Load Capacity - Speed - Warnings • Make sure the crane operator can see the: – Rated Load Capacities – Operating Speeds – Special Hazard Warning or Instruction Load Rating Chart www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 48: Improper Load Improper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 49: Improper Load www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 50: Improper Load www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 51: Power Lines Stay clear from power lines at least 10 feet www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 52: Guard Moving Parts Unguarded Chain Drive Guard moving parts such as gears or belts www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 53: Swing Radius Stay out of the swing radius of the crane – Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 54: Operator Visibility Broken Window Make sure broken windows or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 55: Ladders Ladder Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 56: Guardrails Runways and steps need to have guardrails, handholds and slip resistant surfaces www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 57: Suspended Loads Don’t stand under suspended loads www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 58: Boom Angle Indicator A boom angle indicator must be on the crane www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 59: Supporting Surface Cranes must be on a firm supporting surface and level within 1 percent www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 60: Sheaves The grooves must be smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damage www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 61: Rigging Equipment Slings Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web. Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 62: Annual Inspections Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be made by a competent person The employer must maintain a record of these inspections Crane wasn’t inspected and tipped over www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 63: What to Inspect • Correct air pressure and no leaks • Tires properly inflated • Clearance for tail swing • Wire rope wear • Physical damage to crane • Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts • Fluid leaks www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 64: Remove From Service Immediately remove damaged or defective slings from service www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 65: Damaged wire rope Crushed Rope Broken Strands Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 66: Worn Part www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 67: Tire Inspections Conduct regular inspections of tires for excessive wear or damage www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 68: Summary on crane safety • An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major contributors to crane accidents. • Operators or others working in the area can be victims to “struck by\" and \"caught in\" injuries. • Contact with power lines causes many accidents. • A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to insure it is in proper order. • Planning and training reduces accidents. www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 69: Tower Erection www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 70: Generator Erection www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

Slide 71: Hub Erection www.enercon.de www.enerconindia.net

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