8. 什麼是強迫表態?
美國最高法院向國旗敬禮案
● 1943 年美國最高法院就「西維吉尼亞州法要求
學童向國旗敬禮」的判決。
● 敬禮或類似動作,都是一種意見表達 (utterance)
● 主張所有人必須參與這些活動,意味著肯認特定
的信念,並要求他人表達被選定的意見。
– 「侵犯(個人)智慧與精神的空間」
– 必然設定「孰為正統」
● 而「強迫表態」比「要求閉嘴」(言論檢查)更
嚴重。
– It would seem that involuntary affirmation could be
commanded only on even more immediate and urgent
grounds than silence.
26. Come mothers and fathers
Throughout the land
Don't criticize
What you can't understand
Your sons and your daughters
Are beyond your command
Your old road is
Rapidly agin'
Please get out of the new one
If you can't lend a hand
For your times they are a-changin'
Bob Dylan (1964),
The Time They Are a-Changin'