Waste water treatment is a process used to convert wastewater - which is water no longer needed or suitable for its most recent use - into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or reused. The latter is called water reclamation and implies avoidance of disposal by use of treated wastewater effluent for various purposes. Treatment means removing impurities from water being treated; and some methods of treatment are applicable to both water and wastewater. The physical infrastructure used for wastewater treatment is called a "wastewater treatment plant" The treatment of wastewater belongs to the overarching field of Public Works - Environmental, with the management of human waste, solid waste, sewage treatment, storm water (drainage) management, and water treatment.
2. Waste water treatment is a process used to convert
wastewater - which is water no longer needed or suitable
for its most recent use - into an effluent that can be
either returned to the water cycle with minimal
environmental issues or reused. The latter is called water
reclamation and implies avoidance of disposal by use of
treated wastewater effluent for various purposes.
Treatment means removing impurities from water being
treated; and some methods of treatment are applicable
to both water and wastewater.
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3. The physical infrastructure used for wastewater
treatment is called a "wastewater treatment plant"
The treatment of wastewater belongs to the
overarching field of Public Works - Environmental,
with the management of human waste, solid waste,
sewage treatment, storm water (drainage)
management, and water treatment.
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4. By-products from wastewater treatment plants, such as
screenings, grit and sewage sludge may also be treated in a
wastewater treatment plant. If the wastewater is
predominantly from municipal sources (households and
small industries) it is called sewage and its treatment is
called sewage treatment. Vishvaraj Infrastructure Limited
(VIL) saw this A Civic Necessity and a Business
Opportunity.
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5. In contrast the demand for fresh water is growing
rapidly, estimated to go from 813 BCM today to 1,447
BCM by 2050, whereas the resource base remains
constrained at 1,122 BCM. The industrial sector, which
is one of the major users of fresh water, mostly puts
fresh water to non-potable. Wastewater treated up to
secondary level can easily be utilized for this purpose
freeing up massive amounts of freshwater for domestic
consumers. This can easily be achieved by improving the
municipal wastewater collection, treatment and reuse
thus not only recycling wastewater which is otherwise
lost but also save the downstream water bodies from
pollution.
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6. This is the win-win proposition of VIL’s model for the all
the stakeholders, a unique example of creating value from
waste whilst contributing positively to environmental
sustainability. Amongst the challenges thrown up by
increased urbanization in India one of the bigger ones is
massive increase in wastewater generation. The Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) estimates that about 80
percent of the water supplied for domestic use is discharged
as wastewater.
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7. This pollutes the downstream areas as it enters
untreated into these water bodies. Around 38,250 MLD
of wastewater is generated by class I and class II cities in
India, which is estimated to grow 3.5 times to 132,250
MLD by 2050. The current wastewater treatment
capacity can handle only 30 percent of the total
generation, out of which too only 55 percent is
operational. This translates to an investment gap of over
USD 7 Billion for class I and class II cities by 2016-17.
8. Project Showcase: Nagpur 200 MLD STP Treatment and
Reuse on PPP basis. Nagpur is 10th largest Indian city
with ~2.5 Mn population. Population is expected to
grow to ~5 Mn in the next 25 years. 3rd largest and
most industrialized city after Mumbai and Pune in
Maharashtra. The main Objective is Providing Sewage
Treatment for 200 MLD and possible reuse by potential
Customers in Nagpur.
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