3.2 System Design For Eco Efficiency Vezzoli 07 08 (28.10.08)

carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability course System Design for Sustainability subject 3. System design for eco-efficency learning resource 3.2 System design for eco-efficiency

CONTENTS “ Satisfaction-system” approach “ Stakeholders’ interactions” approach Objective: system eco-efficency System design for eco-efficiency criteria System life optimisation Transportation-distribution reduction Resources reduction Waste minimisation-valorisation Conservation-biocompatibility Toxic reduction

design an integrated system of products and services fulfilling a particular demand for “satisfaction”

- promote/facilitate new socio-economic stakeholder interactions (configurations)

- promote/facilitate participated design between different stakeholders

- ORIENTATE THE ABOVE PROCESSES TOWARDS A ECO-EFFICENT SOLUTIONS

… introducing system inn. in design for eco-efficiency ... REQUIRES NEW (STRATEGIC) DESIGN SKILLS:

1. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH

DEMAND-SATISFACTION DESIGN

2. “STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS” APPROACH

STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION DESIGN

3. OBJECTIVE: SYSTEM ECO-EFFICENCY

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: APPROACH

1. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH

DEMAND-SATISFACTION DESIGN

THERE IS NOT ONE SINGLE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED ( ASSESSED ) BUT RATHER ALL THE PROCESSES AS A WHOLE: ALL OF THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FULFILMENT OF A GIVEN SATISFACTION

… a parallel with product design: it defines the technical performance and aesthetic characteristics of its “components” – materials/shape - and its “connections” – joining elements - to respond to a set of “requirements”

systems design for eco-efficiency should imagine and promote innovative types of

“ connections” – interactions/partnerships –

between appropriate “components” – socio-economic stakeholders –

of a system, responding to a particular “requirement” - social demand for satisfaction -

2. “STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS” APPROACH STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION DESIGN

> CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES ARE NEEDED > METHODS AND TOOLS ARE NEEDED to orientate design towards system eco-efficent stakeholder interactions 3. NOT ALL SYSTEM INNOVATION ARE ECO-EFFICENT!

few are the methods/tools for system design and its orientation towards eco-efficient solutions METHODS/TOOLS

Methodology for Product-Service System Innovation. How to develop clean, clever and competitive strategies in companies edited by van Halen, Vezzoli, Wimmer Van Gorcum, The Netherlands, 2005 e.g. MEPSS, EU RESEARCH, 2005 ME thodology for P roduct- S ervice S ystem development project founded by EU, 5FP, growth

… SOME OF MEPSS TOOLS… www.mepss-sdo.polimi.it Sustainability system Design-Orienting (SDO) toolkit Stakeholder System Map Interaction story board

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA System life optimisation Transportation-distribution reduction Resources reduction Waste minimisation-valorisation Conservation-biocompatibility Toxic reduction

SYSTEM LIFE OPTIMISATION DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, EXTEND ING THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ LIFE SPAN AND INTENS IFYING THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ USE

given function in time USE AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS short product’s (system sum) life extended product’s (system sum) life PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION USE DISP. P-PROD. PROD . DISTR . UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS CAUSING CONSUMPTION PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE AVOIDED IMPACTS product’s (system sum) not intense life product’s (system sum) intense life P-PROD . PROD . DISTR . DISPOS . use (function) during time P-PROD . PROD . DISTR . DISPOS . P-PROD . PROD . DISTR . DISPOS . P-PROD . PROD . DISTR . DISPOS . B 1 B 2 B 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 3 C 1 C 2 C 3

PP P DT PP P DT PP P DT PP P DT DS use (function) during of time NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION NEW PRE AND POST CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIES WITH LOWER IMPACT LIFE FUNCTION OF LENGHT OF USE product’s (system sum) not intense life product’s (system sum) intense life LIGHTER IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS DS DS DS PP P D DS PP P DT DS

TRANSPORTATION/DISTRIBUTION REDUCTION DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, REDUCING THE SUM OF THE TRANSPORTATIONS AND PACKAGINGS

RESOURCES REDUCTION DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, REDUCING THE SUM OF THE RESOURCES USED BY ALL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF THE SYSTEM

RESOURCES CONSERVATION for future generations

(ENVIRONMENTAL) IMPACT AVOIDANCE pre-production, production, distribution and disposal of the not used resource quantitative

RESOURCES MINIMISATION quantitative impact reduction (whole of the PPSS) DESIGN FOR:

WASTE MINIMIZZATION/VALORISATION DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, IMPROVING THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM RECYCLING, ENERGY RECOVERY AND COMPOSTING AND REDUCING THE SUM OF THE WASTE PRODUCED

material (system sum ) non-extended life material (system sum ) extended life AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE LANDFILL PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE RECYCLING COMBUSTION COMPOSTING PRE-PRODUCTION

CONSERVATION/BIOCOMPATIBILITY DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, IMPROVING THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM’S RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY

RESOURCES RENEWABILITY

DEPENDS ON: - RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED - EXTRACTION FREQUENCY a resource is renewable if: anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate

TOXIC REDUCTION DESIGN FOR, SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS LEADING TO, REDUCING/AVOIDING THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM’S RESOURCES TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS