2.2 Product Life Cycle Design Vezzoli 07 08 (28.10.08)

carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability course System Design for Sustainability subject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD) learning resource 2.2 Product Life Cycle Design

CONTENTS Minimize the inputs and the outputs Life cycle approach Functional approach Product Life Cycle Design criteria Resources minimisation Low impact resources selection Product life optimisation Material life extension Design for disassembly

… the discipline integrating environmental requirements within the product design process:

product LIFE CYCLE DESIGN

(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH

an extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages the design “reference” from product design to product’s “ function ” design

LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: (ENVIRONMENTAL) AIMS

MINIMIZE THE INPUTS AND THE OUTPUTS

quantitatively

qualitatively

( in relation to life cycle and functional unit )

use service manufac . assemb . finish collection resource’s achieving mater. energy produc. package trasp. storage PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE APPROACH USE PRODUCTION DISPOSING PREPRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION landfill incineration composting recycling reuse comp. reuse remanufactoring other product’s life cycle biosphere geosphere

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE DESIGNED ( ASSESSED ) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FULFILLEMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION

LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

RESOURCES MINIMISATION LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

RESOURCES CONSERVATION for future generations

(ENVIRONMENTAL) IMPACT AVOIDANCE pre-production, production, distribution and disposal of the not used resource quantitative

RESOURCES MINIMISATION quantitative impact reduction (life cycle/function) DESIGN FOR:

RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY for the future generation

RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS in all life cycle phases

LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION qualitative impact reduction (life cycle/function) DESIGN FOR:

RESOURCES RENEWABILITY

DEPENDS ON: - RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED - EXTRACTION FREQUENCY a resource is renewable if: anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate

MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS “ MISLEADING ” DEPENDS ON: - MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS - CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT

PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

DESIGN FOR :

EXTEND ING PRODUCT (AND COMPONENT) LIFE SPAN

INTENS IFYING PRODUCT (AND COMPONENT) USE

given function in time USE AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS short product/component life extended product/component life PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION USE DISP. P-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS CAUSING CONSUMPTION PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE AVOIDED IMPACTS products/components not intense life product/component intense life PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. DISPOS. use (function) during time PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. DISPOS. PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. DISPOS. PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. DISPOS. B 1 B 2 B 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 3 C 1 C 2 C 3

PP P DT PP P DT PP P DT PP P DT DS use (function) during of time NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION NEW PRE AND POST CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIES WITH LOWER IMPACT LIFE FUNCTION OF LENGHT OF USE not intense life products/components intense life products/components LIGHTER IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS DS DS DS PP P DT DS PP P DT DS

MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR :

RECYCLING

ENERGY RECOVERY

COMPOSTING

material non-extended life material extended life AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE LANDFILL PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE RECYCLING COMBUSTION COMPOSTING PRE-PRODUCTION

POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES: (COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING) . collection . transportation . separation (disassembly a/o crushing) . identification . cleaning . secondary raw material’s production

MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMPOST.)

DIPENDS ON: - SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and process costs) - PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE - RECYCLING PHASES

> of parts/components PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

> of materials MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)

identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES

(criteria relative relevance per product type)

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT: - some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others - can be synergetic or conflicting