Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: The Case of Ikalahan Forest Carbon Raquel Lopez, Emma Abasolo, Grace Villamor, Rodel D. Lasco IFAD KLM3 Megatrade Hall 3, Oct 20, 2009

Presentation Outline What are ES? What is PES? Kyoto protocol, CDM steps What is RUPES? Carbon CDM market– Ikalahan Case: Potential and Challenges

What are ES?

What is PES?

Kyoto protocol, CDM steps

What is RUPES?

Carbon CDM market– Ikalahan Case: Potential and Challenges

What are ecosystem services (ES)? the benefits from the functioning of ecosystems provided by natural processes/ components to satisfy human needs (de Groot 1992) consist of flows of materials, energy, and information from stocks to produce human welfare (Costanza et al, 1997)

the benefits from the functioning of ecosystems

provided by natural processes/ components to satisfy human needs

(de Groot 1992)

consist of flows of materials, energy, and information from stocks to produce human welfare (Costanza et al, 1997)

ES Classification Watershed functions water flows, water quality Biodiversity functions conservation Human health and landscape beauty ecotourism Carbon stocks – sequestration and storage (CSS) tree cover/forest carbon

Watershed functions

water flows, water quality

Biodiversity functions

conservation

Human health and landscape beauty ecotourism

Carbon stocks – sequestration and storage (CSS)

tree cover/forest carbon

Payments/Rewards for Ecosystem Services (P/RES) Wunder’s definition: Voluntary transaction Well-defined ES ES seller Bought by ES buyer Conditionality: continuous ES provision Photos: B. Belcher, C. Cossalter, & S. Wunder

Wunder’s definition:

Voluntary transaction

Well-defined ES

ES seller

Bought by ES buyer

Conditionality: continuous ES provision

Existing PES schemes Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS)

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

PES thru VCS, REDD, CDM

Payment for CSS: CDM Clean Development Mechanism - a flexibility mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol allows industrialized countries to implement emission reduction projects in developing countries and receive credit Certificates of Emission Reduction (CERs)/ carbon credits: 1 ton CO 2 = 1 CER

Clean Development Mechanism - a flexibility mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol

allows industrialized countries to implement emission reduction projects in developing countries and receive credit

Certificates of Emission Reduction (CERs)/ carbon credits: 1 ton CO 2 = 1 CER

Forestry (Sinks) CDM Projects Only reforestation and afforestation projects allowed Small-scale forestry projects eligible (< 8000 t CO 2 /year) Bundling of individual parcels of land allowed

Only reforestation and afforestation projects allowed

Small-scale forestry projects eligible (< 8000 t CO 2 /year)

Bundling of individual parcels of land allowed

“ CDM”able Forest Lands

Concept of Forest Carbon Development

Steps in the CDM Process Project Application Project Validation Project Registration Project Implementation and Monitoring Project Verification and Certification Applicable/feasible Project Design Document (PDD) is very crucial!

Project Application

Project Validation

Project Registration

Project Implementation and Monitoring

Project Verification and Certification

Applicable/feasible Project Design Document (PDD) is very crucial!

What is RUPES? “ Rewarding the Upland Poor for Environmental Services they Provide (RUPES)” Phase 1: 2005 – 2008 - Local pilot projects Aims to enhance the livelihoods and reduce the upland poverty while conserving the environment Rewards for, Use of and Shared Investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services Phase 2: 2009 – 2011 - National policy-making and institutional support

“ Rewarding the Upland Poor for Environmental Services they Provide (RUPES)”

Phase 1: 2005 – 2008 - Local pilot projects

Aims to enhance the livelihoods and reduce the upland poverty while conserving the environment

Rewards for, Use of and Shared Investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services

Phase 2: 2009 – 2011 - National policy-making and institutional support

RUPES CSS Site: Kalahan Ikalahan Ancestral Domain (IAD) Indigenous people (IP): Ikalahan and Kalanguya 58,000 ha (including 14,000 forest reserve) Kalahan Educational Foundation (KEF) www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Networks/RUPES/

Ikalahan Ancestral Domain (IAD)

Indigenous people (IP): Ikalahan and Kalanguya

58,000 ha (including 14,000 forest reserve)

Kalahan Educational Foundation (KEF)

Potentials Area identified for forest carbon development: 900 has Rehabilitation of denuded/degraded lands 8 barangays in 2 municipalities Strategy for carbon development: Agroforestation: Forest-tree plantation Agroforestry farm development

Area identified for forest carbon

development: 900 has

Rehabilitation of denuded/degraded lands

8 barangays in 2 municipalities

Strategy for carbon development:

Agroforestation:

Forest-tree plantation

Agroforestry farm development

Potentials Approach for carbon development: community-based DIRECT IMPLEMENTERS Ikalahan and Kalanguya parcel/lot owners Project Management: PROPONENT: KEF Project Design Project Field Implementation Community organizing/Advocacy Capacity-building

Approach for carbon development: community-based

DIRECT IMPLEMENTERS

Ikalahan and Kalanguya parcel/lot owners

Project Management:

PROPONENT: KEF

Project Design

Project Field Implementation

Community organizing/Advocacy

Capacity-building

Role of ICRAF Philippines Prepared Project Identification Notes (PIN) for the potential CSS Carbon baseline of grasslands Potential C sequestration of 900 has PDD preparation and CDM Registration RUPES – Technical/financial assistance Mitsubishi UFJ Securities - Consultancy services for PDD and UNFCCC registration

Prepared Project Identification Notes (PIN) for the potential CSS

Carbon baseline of grasslands

Potential C sequestration of 900 has

PDD preparation and CDM Registration

RUPES – Technical/financial assistance

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities - Consultancy services for PDD and UNFCCC registration

Estimated net cumulative CO 2 -e removals

900 has area : total CO2/20 years Total estimated reductions over 10 years (2008- 2016) (tones of CO 2 e) 36,267 Total estimated reductions over 20 years (2008-June 2026) (tones of CO 2 e) 89,776 Total no. of crediting years 20 Annual average over the crediting period of estimated reductions (tones of CO 2 e/yr) 4,489

The Challenges: Can KEF do it? Areas of concern for actualization PDD preparation ( mapping, land-owner agreement, land mgt scheme strategy, field operational arrangement) Actual field implementation - technical and financial capacity Project Maintenance and Carbon Monitoring - technical capacity

Areas of concern for actualization

PDD preparation ( mapping, land-owner agreement, land mgt scheme strategy, field operational arrangement)

Actual field implementation - technical and financial capacity

Project Maintenance and Carbon

Monitoring - technical capacity

Yes they Can! Kalahan has a great potential for carbon development With IFAD through RUPES’ financial and technical assistance, KEF have the potential to comply the requirements to meet carbon markets. Case site study assessment result indicate that support from RUPES project is very important.

Kalahan has a great potential for carbon development

With IFAD through RUPES’ financial and technical assistance, KEF have the potential to comply the requirements to meet carbon markets.

Case site study assessment result indicate that support from RUPES project is very important.

Therefore, IAD – wide forested areas for conservation and protection for important ES IAD potential to enter the REDD

IAD – wide forested areas for conservation and protection for important ES

IAD potential to enter the REDD

Have a good day! Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. Lao Tzu Raquel Lopez [email_address] Emma P. Abasolo, [email_address]