Evolução Humana Revelada por Fósseis e Genomas Arcaicos
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Apresentação no Encontro de Geneticistas do Rio Grande do Sul – edição comemorativa pelos 50 anos do PPGBM-UFRGS, agosto de 2013.
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Evolução Humana Revelada por Fósseis e Genomas Arcaicos
- 2. FÓSSEIS DE NOSSOS ANCESTRAIS E DE ESPÉCIES RELACIONADAS
- 4. MENDEL 2 FITAS DNA SEQUENCIAMENTO PCR GENOMA HUMANO H.influenzae VENTER DROSÓFILA • NATURE • SCIENCE DRAFT COMPLETO 1865 1953 1977 1983 1990 1995 1998 2000 2001 2003 2013 3483 PROJETOS ANIMAIS 1032 VERTEBRADOS 288 94 PEIXES 11 ANFÍBIOS 14 RÉPTEIS 37 AVES 132 MAMÍFEROS
- 5. 1 fóssil Vale Neander Homo neanderthalensis mtDNA 400 pb Nuclear MC1R “O” 5 mtDNA DRAFT 2010 Genomas Arcaicos 1829 1856 1864 1997 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 FOXP2 MITOCONDRIA
- 8. Humanos modernos Neandertais Denisovans Homo sapiens: Teria surgido entre 200 e 150 mil anos antes do presente Homo sapiens sapiens: em torno de 100 mil anos antes do presente Home neanderthalensis (Neandertal) • Protusão extrema do centro da face (Frio) • Clássico homem das cavernas retratado em filmes de TV e cinema • Europa, parte da Ásia ocidental e Oriente médio. • Extinto por volta de 30 mil a nos antes do presente 2010 Genomas Arcaicos
- 11. Sequências
- 16. Human Neandertal Denisova Chimp Taq1A rs6277 G (A/G) G (A/G) G A; G A; G G A G Seleção Balanceadora??? DRD2TTC12 ANKK1 11q23 NCAM1 rs646558 rs723077 rs2303380 rs2734849 rs1800497 rs6277 rs2283265 Deriva?? SNPs
- 19. S. Não Sinônimas
- 20. Hg19 Diferenças
- 22. Estudos em andamento COULD VARIATIONS FOUND IN DEVELOPMENTAL DENTAL GENES EXPLAIN DENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ARCAHIC AND MODERN HUMANS?
- 23. Thanks
Editor's Notes
- 102 dental development genes, checked all differences among human reference (Hg19), 79 non-synonymous changes with ancestral allele in chimp and derived in modern humans. Neandertal shared 80% of the alleles with modern humans, 16% with chimp, 3 heterozygotes loci with ancestral and derived changes, and 1 exclusive change in TCOF1 gene. Although Denisovans shared 87% of the alleles with modern humans, 13% with chimp, and 2 exclusive in DKK1 and PMF1 genes. Denisova do not have any deleterious SNPs associated with dental malformations. Still, the differences between the human reference genome and Denisova, and humans from distinct geographic groups are similar, Denisova have 13,543 variations, and extant humans have a range of 14,924 to 10,384, in San and Papua, respectively. Although, Denisova present 5,997 exclusive alleles, while the San the most variable individual show 2,632. Other modern humans present less variants, with a clear gradient from Africa. Assumingthat the great majority of this variation is neutral, thus Denisova and African individuals present a larger number of exclusive alleles and we can consider that these are more ancient populations, and/or relatively large founder population. Together, some coding and non-coding changes in developmental dental genes among archaic and modern are found, further analyses are required to understand how these changes would have influenced the establishment of unique dental features of each specie.