Definitions
 WWW: World Wide Web
The set of computers on the Internet that support
HTTP
 HTTP:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
 Browser: Piece of software used to view HTML
documents
 HTML: Language used to format documents for use
on the WWW
(or)
Language used to create web pages

HTML-Significance

 Scripting language
 Subset of SGML(Standard General
Markup Language)
 SGML-Language to define markup
language
 Defines layout and attributes of www
document
 Used to create link between pages
 Java script,DHTML,XML,PHP are also

HTML- Basics
 Hypertext is simply a piece of text that works as link
 Markup language is a language of writing layout
information within documents
 HTML document is a plain text file
 It contains rich text. Rich text means text with tags
 HTML program can be written in notepad or wordpad
 Extension to this program is html or htm
 HTML program contains two parts, head and body.
 The head acts as a header file and the body contains
the look and feel of the web page.

Running HTML document

Java Enabled HTTP Web Server
Web Browser HTML
&
HTML Document Java Applets

Java Applet
<APPLET…>
?
</APPLET>

HTML – HyperText Markup Language
Static HTML Dynamic HTML
 HTML is static – i.e.  Enables adding high-level
pages cannot change on logic in the HTML page in
the request of the the form of javascript
user, must be changed functions
explicitly

Static HTML

Request file

Retrieve file

Send file

Dynamic HTML

Request service
Do Computation

Generate HTML
page with results
of computation

Return dynamically
generated HTML file

Tags

 A tag is format name surrounded by
angular brackets
 eg:<h1>hello</h1>
 Not case sensitive
 Some characters have to be replaced by
text sequences eg:< should be written
&lt

Structure of HTML Document
Processing HTML page

<html>
Goes on browser’s title bar
<head> Control information
<title>First HTML Page</title>
</head> Comment tag


<body> Formatted output will be Displayed on Web page

</body>
</html>

Text formatting Tags

 <p></p> paragraph
 align=left/right/center
 <h1>..<h6>
 align=left/right/center
 Hr horizontal ruler
 align=left/right/center width=“50%”
 Font
 Color=“#rrggbb size=“n”

Text Formatting - Example
Textformat.html
 <html>
 <title> h3
 First Example
 </title> p
 <body> i
 <h3> pre
 Heading 3
 </h3>
 Hai <p>Paragraph</p>
 <font
color="#121212"><i>Hello</i></font>
 <pre>
 Hello ! ! !
 </pre>
 </body>
 </html>

 <html>
 
 <head>
 <title>sample tags</title>
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="red">
 <p>hello, I am learning
html tags</p>
 
 <center>
 <h1>M.Tech

Lists

Provides straightforward index
Bulleted List
• <li>…</li> List Item
• <ul>..</ul> Unordered list
Numbered List
• <ol>..</ol> Ordered list

Definition List
• <dl>…</dl> Definition list
• <dt>.. .</dt> Definition term
• <dd>..</dd> Definition description

Lists
 <html>
 <head><title>Lists</title></head>
 <body>
 Unordered lists
 <ul> ul
 <li>One</li> li
 <li>Two</li>
 </ul> ol
 Ordered lists li
 <ol>
dl
 <li>One</li> dt
dd
 <li>Two</li>
 </ol>
 <dl>
 <dt>C.S.E</dt>
 <dd>Computer Science Engineering</dd>
 <dt>I.T.</dt>
 <dd>Information Technology</dd>
 </dl>
 </dl>

Tables
 Structuring piece of information and web page

<table>
<caption>

<thead> table header
<tbody> table body
<tr> table row
<td> table data
<tfoot> table footer

Your site
LOGO
here

TABLE

<html>
<title>Table</title>
<body>
<table border="2">
<caption align="center"> Sample</caption> caption
<thead><tr><td colspan="2">Header thead
tr
</td></tr></tbead>
td
<tbody><tr>
<td> Sl.No</td><td> Marks</td></tr> tfoot
<tr>
<td> 1</td><td> 100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 2</td><td> 90</td>
</tr></tbody>
<tfoot align="center" ><tr><td colspan="2"> Page
1</tfoot></td></tr>
</table></body></html>

Images-to display image as a link
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Image</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<IMG SRC="C:/Documents
and
Settings/Administrator/My
Documents/My
Pictures/background-28.jpg"
WIDTH="800"
HEIGHT="600"
BORDER="2" ALT="hello">
</BODY>
</HTML>

Form-A typical layout on the web page by which a user
can interact with the web page


<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Form </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM method="post" action="list.html">
Name <INPUT TYPE="text" size="10" value="name" NAME="t1"><BR>
<div align="center">
<TEXTAREA NAME="" ROWS="5" COLS="40"></TEXTAREA>
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="o1" value="M.Tech" checked> M.Tech<br>
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="o2" value="Ph.D" >Ph.D<br>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="r1" value="M.Tech" checked> M.Tech<br>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="r1" value="Ph.D" >Ph.D<br>
<INPUT TYPE="reset"><INPUT TYPE="submit" value="Submit">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Sending an e-mail
<!Mailing>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> e-mail </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM ACTION="MAILTO:rvslalitha@gmail.com" METHOD="POST"
enctype="text/plain">
Name<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name" value="">
<TEXTAREA name="message" ROWS="2" COLS="10“ >
</TEXTAREA>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" value="send">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

FRAMES-To present document in multiple ways


<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Frame </TITLE>
</head>
<FRAMESET COLS="150,*">
<FRAME SRC="nav.html" NAME="left">
<FRAME SRC="table.html" NAME="right">
</frameset>
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>

   
 <HTML>  <HTML>
 <HEAD>  <HEAD>
 <TITLE> one </TITLE>  <TITLE> New Document
 </HEAD> </TITLE>
 <BODY>  </HEAD>

 <a href="tab.html"  <BODY>
target="right">hai</a>  hello
 </BODY>  </BODY>
 </HTML>  </HTML>

Cascading Style Sheets(CSS)

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a
simple styling language which allows attaching style to
HTML elements.

A style definition is made up of a selector followed by a
declaration block, as shown in this example:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS Basics</title>
<style type="text/css">
P { color:#000000 }
h1{font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
color: red}
</style>
</head>
<body>

Putting CSS And HTML Together

1. Defining a style sheet inside of the HTML document,
inside the <HEAD> tag.
Example
2. Referring to an external file which contains a style
sheet,
by using the 'LINK' element.
Example
3. to a tag.
Example

32

Type selector
 <html>
 <head>
 <style type="text/css">
 em {background-color:#00ff00;
 color:white}
 h1 { font-family:Arial,sans-serif}
 p { font-size:28pt}
 .re{color:blue;font-size:30pt}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1 class="re">adsfa</h1><p class="re“
>adsasd<em>asd</em></p></body>
 </html>

 <html>
 <head>
 <title>css styles</title>
 A:nodec{text-decoration:none}
 A:hover{text-decoration:underline;
 color:red;
 background-color:red}
 li {color:red;
 font-weight:bold}
 ul{margin-left:75px}
 ul ul{text-decoration:underline;
 margin-left:10px}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <ul>
 <li>ad</li>
 <li>asd
 <ul>
 <li>asdf</li>
 <li>asdfads</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 <p><a class="hover" href="file:///D:/Internet%20programming/css1.html">go</a>
 </body>
 </html>

 <html>
 <head><title>using z-index</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <img src="one.gif" style="position:absolute;
 top:50px;left:50px;z-index:3">
 <h1 style="position:absolute;top:50px;
 left:50px;z-index:30;">
 positionedtext</h1>

 </body><img src="two.gif"
 style="position:absolute;top:100px;left:50px;z-index:15">
 </html>

 <html>
 <head><title>relative positioning</title>
 p {font-size:2em;
 font-family=Verdana,Arial}
 span {color:red;font-size:.6em;height:2em}
 .super {position:relative top:-1ex}
 .sub {position:relative;bottom:-1ex}
 .shiftl{position:relative;left:-1ex}
 .shiftr{ position:relative;right:-1ex}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body style="background-image:url('one.gif')">
 <p>
 text text text <span class="super">superscript</span>
 texttfext text <span class="sub">subscript</span>
 asdasdf<span class="shiftl">leftshift</span>
 <span class="shiftr">rightshift</span>
 asdasdfa
 </p>
 </body></html>

 <html>
 <head><title>backgrounds</title>
 body {background-image:url(one.gif);
 background-position:top;
 background-repeat:repeat;
 background-attachment:scroll}
 p { font-size:1em;
 color:#dd00ff;
 text-indent:1em;
 font-family:Arial,sans-serif}
 .dark {font-weight:bold}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <p>
 asdf asdf asdfs dfasd asdf adsf<span class="dark"> aaaaasdfas
 </span>
 asdfasasdfasdf
 sdgs
 </p></body></html>

 <html>
 <head><title>element dimensions</title>
 div {background-color:#bbccff;
 margin-bottom:.5em;
 font-size:1.5em}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <div style="width:20% ;height:40%; text-align:center">
 asdfasdfasdfds dadsfasdfasdfasdfasdf
 asdfasdfasdfadsf
 asdfasdfasadsfads
 dfads</div>
 <div style="width:20%; float:right; padding=1.5em">asdfasdf
 asdf
 asdfasdfas
 dfads</div>
 <span style="clear:all">lalitha sdfasdf
 asdf
 asdfasdfas
 dfads</span>
 </body>
 </html>

 <html>
 <head><title>element dimensions</title>
 body {background-color:#ffffff}
 div { text-align:center;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 padding:.5em}
 .thick {border-width:thick}
 .thin {border-width:thin}
 .groove {border-style:groove}
 .inset {border-style:inset}
 .outset {border-style:outset}
 .red {border-color:red}
 .red {border-color:red}
 </style>
 <head>
 <body>
 <p class="thick groove">asdfas</p>
 <div class="thick red inset">asdf</div>
 asdfadsf
 adsfadsf
 dsf
 </body>
 </html>

 <html>
 <head><title>user styles</title>
 .note{font-size:1.5em}
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <p>asdfasdfasd</p>
 <p class="note">NOte:asdfasdfads</p>
 </body></html>

ex1.css
 body
 {
 background-color:yellow;
 }
 h1
 {
 font-size:36pt;
 }
 h2
 {
 color:blue;
 }
 p
 {
 margin-left:50px;
 }

By using link selector
 <html>
 <head>
 <link rel="stylesheet"
 type="text/css" href="ex1.css" />
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>This header is 36 pt</h1>
 <h2>This header is blue</h2>
 <p>This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels</p>
 </body>
 </html>

HTML Guide: Introduction to HTML Elements and Tags

HTML Guide: Introduction to HTML Elements and Tags

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