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Spain: A Guide to its Geography, History, Culture and Food

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Urkarsh Kumar
Urkarsh Kumar

Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca Gold, silver, and potatoes The document provides information about Spain, including its geography, history, culture, and food. It discusses Spain's regions and cities, as well as how its history and location led to influences from Romans, Moors, and the New World on traditional Spanish foods. Specific foods, ingredients, and cultural aspects of Spain are described in detail.

Self ImprovementEntertainment & Humor
1 of 194
Spain • Geography • History • Culture • Food 2
Geografía 3
Madrid-capital 4
Cataluña-Barcelona Barça 5
La Coruña-northern Spain 6
Valencia 7
Anadalucia 8
Las Islas Canarias 9
History 10
Introduction to Spanish Foods
Influences on Traditional Foods • Cooking Elements: – Romans – Moors • Ingredients: – Imports from exploration of new word • Spanish history includes much time overrun by outsiders wanting to take over. Resulting in absorption of wide range of cooking styles. 12
Ingredients From New World • Tomato • Chocolate • Potato • Beans • Sweet Potato • Zucchini • Vanilla • Peppers 13
Agricultural Production • Largest producer of olives in world • Chief agricultural products: Barley Milk Olives Oranges Potatoes Tomatoes Wheat Grapes • Poor soil and dry climate results in low production. 14
Livestock • Sheep main livestock • Europe’s leading fishing country – Fishing industry includes: • Mussels • Sardines • Cod • Anchovies • Squid 15
Spanish Meals • 8:00 am light breakfast • 11:00 am midmorning breakfast • 1:00 pm tapas • 2:00 lunch • Between 5:00 and 6:00 tea and pastries • Between 8:00 and 9:00 tapas • Between 10:00 and Midnight dinner 16
Light Breakfast • 8:00 am • Includes coffee or thick hot chocolate and churros or bread • Churros are fried doughnuts 17
Midmorning Breakfast • Served at 11:00 am • Usually includes: – – – – Grilled sausages Fried squid Bread with tomato Omelet 18
Tapas • Light snacks or appetizers • Eaten with fingers or toothpicks • Found in most cafés and bars – Not unusual to find 20 or more on menu • Word means cover or lid 19
Tapas Continued • Originated in Andalucia • 1st tapas included thin slice of sausage or ham placed over mouth of glass to keep flies out • Today they may include: olives, toasted almonds, veal rolls, stuffed peppers, peppery octopus, cheese, or dips 20
Lunch (Comida) • • • • Main meal of day Nearly all businesses close during lunch period Eaten at home Three courses 1. 2. 3. Soup or salad Fish, meat, vegetables Fruit and cheese 21
Between Lunch and Dinner • Merienda – Tea and pastries – Between 5:00 and 6:00 pm • Tapas – Between 8:00 and 9:00 pm – May skip evening meal if eat substantial amount of tapas 22
Dinner • Served between 10:00 pm and midnight • Includes three light courses • May include: – Soup – Omelets – Fruit 23
Desserts • Not emphasized on menus • Not popular in their culture • Desserts they do serve: – Flan- an egg custard topped with caramel – Ice cream – Fresh glass of orange juice 24
Paella • • • • Spain’s signature dish 1st prepared in Valencia Each region has own recipe Named after two-handled metal pan in which it was cooked and served • Ingredients may include: chicken, red peppers, shellfish, peas, snails, sausage, tomatoes • Served over saffron flavored rice 25
Gazpacho • Liquid Salad • From region of Andalucia • Made from ripe tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, garlic, and bread moistened with olive oil, vinegar, and ice water • Served cold • Different Regions have own versions 26
Other Popular Foods • Sausages (chorizo) flavored with paprika or garlic • Meat and Vegetable Stews • Garlic and tomatoes flavor many dishes • Olive oil common ingredient • Sauces accompany many dishes • Wine usually accompanies meals 27
Spanish Culture
Clothing • Modern, conservative, stylish • Girls wear trousers • Boys are into designer wear 29
Money Matters • Most major credit cards are accepted • Most places have ATMs that allow you to withdraw cash with your card • 1 US Dollar = .77 Euro 30
Nightlife • Evenings start with el paseo • Spanish life is lived in the streets • Street cafes and bars • Nightclubs are the main attraction for teenagers 31
Fiestas and Traditions • Each town has their own celebrations • Celebrate national holidays such as Christmas, Easter, All Saint’s Day, ect. • Majority of festivities are religious based 32
Bullfighting • The National Sport of Spain • 711 AD • 24,000 bulls are killed each year 33
Flamenco • • • • • The Great Spanish Tradition Cante: the song Baile: the dance Guitarra: guitar playing Product of the Gypsies 34
Spanish Speaking Countries
Do you know where Spanish is spoken?  The Caribbean  Central America  Europe  North America  South America 36
The Caribbean – Las Antillas Cuba Capital Facts La Habana #1 producer of sugar Guantanamo Naval Base belong to US Known worldwide for its cigars 37
La República Dominicana Capital Facts Santo Domingo Santo Domingo is the oldest American city, established in 1496 shares the island with Haiti 38
Puerto Rico Capital Facts San Juan Commonwealth of the US as of 1898 American citizens as of 1917 Ponce de León first governor 39
Central America Guatemala Capital Facts La Ciudad de Guatemala Most populated country of CA Was the seat of the Mayas, one of the most advanced ancient civilizations 40
Honduras Capital Facts Tegucigalpa Most mountainous of CA countries US buys 90% of their exported products 41
El Salvador Capital Facts San Salvador Smallest country in CA Only CA country with no Atlantic coast 42
Nicaragua Capital Facts Managua Largest CA country Largest cattle producing country in CA 43
Costa Rica Capital Facts San José Only American country without an army Traditionally a democratic country 44
Panamá Capital Facts La Ciudad de Panamá US built Panama Canal Panama Canal only way for ship or boat to cross from Atlantic to Pacific without to tip of South America going 45
Europe España Capital Madrid Facts Columbus received monetary support from Queen Isabel which resulted in the discovery of the New World Ruled by Dictator Francisco Franco 1939-1971 Ruled by King Juan Carlos I 1975-present 46
North America México Capital Facts La Ciudad de México Chichén-Itzá ruins of Mayas and Toltecas La Ciudad de México founded on ruins of Tenochtitlán, ancient capital of Aztecs 47
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? 2. What does “renaissance” mean? 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 48
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 49
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 50
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 51
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. Greek and Roman cultures Don Quixote novel --the first 52
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 53
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 2. GLORY (get fame!) 54
1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 2. GLORY (get fame!) 3. GOD (proselytize Christianity) 55
6. Why did Columbus set sail? 7. In what year did Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 56
6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 57
6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 58
6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 59
6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? Conquered the Aztec (gold); claimed Mexico for Spain 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 60
6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? Conquered the Aztec (gold); claimed Mexico for Spain 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? Conquered the Inca (potato); claimed much of S. America for Spain 61
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 62
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: Cortez and Pizarro 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 63
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 64
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 65
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 66
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 67
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 68
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca Horses, cattle, and smallpox 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 69
11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca Horses, cattle, and smallpox Potato, corn, and tobacco 70
15. The effects of the Columbian exchange: 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 71
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 72
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 73
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 74
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? P. Plantation system grows cash crops 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 75
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 76
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries— converted natives 77
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries— converted natives Dictatorships Rigid class system—Spanish on top 78
15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in America Columbian exchange: R. Race based slavery (Africans) 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries—converted natives Dictatorships Rigid class system—Spanish on top Economic Theory: says wealth=power, so collect bullion 79
19. What country had the most bullion? 20. What effect did the bullion have? 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 80
19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 81
19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? Severe inflation—ruined economy 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 82
19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? Severe inflation—ruined economy 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? Did not industrialize 83
los festivales 84
Since every town is associated with a particular saint festivals occur all year long. The duration of the festival can last from 1 to 10 days, depending on the saint and the town. Celebrated in a high-spirited way. Street parties, processions, huge dances in town’s central plaza, masked figures, traveling fairs, food, alcohol, gambling, music, bullfighting, fireworks, rodeos, in some places soccer tournaments, cockfights, horse races, beauty contests. People may visit the beach all day. Indigenous peoples dress in native costumes and show traditional dances and music such as the Mayans in Guatemala. Everything in a town comes to a stop. All Saint’s Day 85
Examples: Festival of Our Lady of Guadalupe: Before leaving Spain fro the Americas, many adventurers visited a shrine in the small town of Guadalupe. There they prayed to an image of the Virgin Mary for a safe journey and success. The name of the town and the Virgin were carried to many places in the Spanish colonies. 86
Examples: Basilica de la Virgin de Guadalupe 87
Begins with celebrations at La Misa Del Gallo or the Mass of the Rooster when thousands go to church, even those that do not normally attend. Common is the nativity scene (nacimiento or presebre) that are often life-size. Money dictates amount of decorations and gifts. Most countries have Christmas trees. Beginning sometime between November 26 to December 16 depending on the country: church members and villagers practice posados or “inns” taking statues of the Virgin Mary and Joseph from house to house every night being rejected until a door is finally opened. December 15 / St. Nicholas Day December 23, sing, pray, and eat together at every house. Sing villancicos (carols) together. Asaltos – surprise visits by groups of friends going from one house to another, calling to friends to join the party, lots of noise and drinking. Children ask for aguinaldo (or small gift) . 88
Three Kings Day / Epiphan Venezuela - In the Andean region of Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo, the celebration called La Paradura del Niño is focused on Jesus as a child. It is celebrated around the 6th of January. It is a procession in which the baby in the manger is placed on a large handkerchief and each corner is held by a person who hold a candle in his hands. The baby is paraded around the town from house to house, and a drink is offered to the people who carry him. The people in the niño's (baby's) procession pray for him and for themselves. 89
Independence Day Emancipation Day Constitution Day Discovery (of the country) Day Labor Day Columbus Day 90
Con Vocabulario El Alfabeto
A,a Á●gui●la 92
B,b Bi●ci●cle●ta 93
C,c Ca●ma 94
D,d Da●mas 95
E,e Es●cue●la 96
F,f Fal●da 97
G,g Ga●to 98
H,h Ham●bur●gue●sa 99
I,i In●vier●no 100
J,j Ju●gue●te 101
K,k Koa●la 102
L,l Lá●piz 103
Ll Lla●ves 104
M,m Ma●ri●po●sa 105
Ñ,ñ Ñan●du 106
O,o O●jo 107
P,p Pan 108
Q,q Que●so 109
R,r Re●ga●lo 110
rr Pe●rro 111
S,s Sa●ca●pun●tas 112
T,t Te●lé●fo●no 113
U,u U●vas 114
V,v Va●so 115
W,w Waf●le 116
X,x Xi●ló●fo●no 117
Y,y Yo●gur 118
Z,z Za●pa●to 119
la manzana 120
Los plátanos 121
una torta 122
las fresas 123
el pan 124
el brocolí 125
las zanahorias 126
el queso 127
el helado 128
el café 129
una galleta 130
el maíz 131
el pavo 132
el cangrejo 133
los huevos 134
el pescado 135
la fruta y vegetales 136
el ajo 137
la toronja 138
el limón 139
los hongos 140
la cebolla 141
los guisantes 142
una pera 143
la sandía 144
el tomate 145
el té 146
la piña 147
un refresco 148
el té helado 149
una gamba 150
la langosta 151
el bistec 152
la mostaza 153
el azúcar 154
una hamburguesa 155
el jamón 156
el pollo 157
la salchicha 158
la crema de cacahuete 159
las uvas 160
El Calendario Español
Los Días de la Semana el lunes el miércoles el martes el viernes el jueves el domingo el sábado     days of the week are not capitalized all days are masculine use “el” or “los” to say “on…” only sábado and domingo have plurals los sábados los domingos  the Hispanic calendar begins el lunes 162
Vocabulario sobre el calendario… anteayer day before yesterday ayer hoy yesterday = today mañana tomorrow pasado mañana day after tomorrow 163
Más vocabulario sobre el calendario… el fin de semana the weekend la semana pasada last week la semana que viene todos los días fue el primero next week = every day was the first of the month 164
Las estaciones del año… el invierno la primavera el verano el otoño 165
diciembre enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre noviembre 166
Las estaciones y los meses… (seasons) (months)  seasons and months are not capitalized  articles are not used with months  articles are used with seasons, except after “en”  “la primavera” is the only feminine season  watch spelling / pronunciation 167
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? “es” + “el” + number + “de” + month + “de” + year  Hoy es el 15 de octubre de 1986.  Mañana es el 23 de mayo de 1994.  Anteayer fue el 10 de abril de 1998. However…  Hoy es el 25 de enero del 2000.  Pasado mañana es el 2 de julio del 2001. 168
La fecha (cont’d)… Use “primero” (1º) for the first day of any month:  Hoy es el primero de enero del 2000.  Mi cumpleaños es el primero de agosto. When writing a date, the day comes first:  el 4 de julio de 1999  4 / 7 / 99 4 . 7 . 99 169
Un repaso breve de los números… diez veinte treinta cuarenta cincuenta doscientos trescientos cuatrocientos sesenta setenta ochenta noventa cien ciento uno ciento treinta y cuatro ciento noventa y nueve quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos mil 170
El Verbo “GUSTAR” • En español gustar significa “to be pleasing” • In English, the equivalent is “to like” 171
Por ejemplo: • In English we say: • En español decimos: “I like Spanish.” “To me, Spanish is pleasing.” 172
I like the beach. In English: En español: • “I” is the subject • “the beach” is the subject • “like” is the verb • “the beach” is the direct object • “to please” is the verb • “me” is the indirect object 173
En Español…: The word order is actually “backwards”: • The indirect object comes first: • Then the verb: • Finally the subject of the verb: la playa. • Make it negative by adding “no” at the beginning. 174
“Gusta” = = “Gustan” = singular nouns infinitives plural nouns 175
Frases de clarificación: He likes to swim. “Le gusta nadar.” She likes to swim. You like to swim. “Les gusta la playa.” They like the beach. You like the beach. 176
Me gusta… / Me gustan… I like… Te gusta… / Te gustan… You like… Le gusta… / Le gustan… He / she / You like(s)… Nos gusta… / Nos gustan… = We like… Os gusta… / Os gustan… You guys like… Les gusta… / Les gustan… They / you like… 177
¿Cómo se dice? “They like history and spanish.” Les la historia y gustan el español. 178
¿Cómo se dice en español? Me gusta estudiar. I like to study. (A Elena) le gusta ver la televisión. Elena likes to watch television. No nos gusta hacer la tarea. We don’t like to do homework. (A Carlos y a Miguel) les gustan los coches. ¿Os gusta mirar fotos? Te gusta ir de compras, ¿verdad? Carlos and Miguel like cars. Do you guys like to look at photos? You like to go shopping, right? 179
“to be” Ser verb
Ser español… • ser verbs mean “to be” • Used in very different cases • Irregular conjugations 181
¿Cuáles son las formas? Ser Soy Eres Es Somos Sois Son 182
El Origen: Juan es de España. El libro es de Guatemala. Mis primos son de Buenos Aires. 183
La Identificación: Tú eres la hermana de Pedro. Nosotros somos americanos. El Sr. Ayala es profesor de español. 184
Las Características: Yo soy muy alto y delgado. Carmen y Pablo son jóvenes. Esta clase es aburrida. 185
Un Evento: La clase es a las ocho. La fiesta es en mi casa. Los conciertos son en el parque. 186
Las formas del verbo SER (to be) yo soy tú nosotros nosotras somos eres él ella usted es ellos ellas ustedes son 187
LOS USOS DE SER 1. time, day, date 2. nationality 3. Characteristics 4. possession 188
SER is used to express: • time – ¿Qué hora es? – Son las dos. • day – ¿Qué día es hoy? – Hoy es lunes. • date – ¿Cuál es la fecha? – Es el 31 de diciembre. 189
SER is used to express: • nationality – ¿De dónde eres? – Soy de México. – Soy mexicano. 190
191
EL FIN 192
Spain: A Guide to its Geography, History, Culture and Food
Spain: A Guide to its Geography, History, Culture and Food

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Spain: A Guide to its Geography, History, Culture and Food

  • 1.
  • 12. Influences on Traditional Foods • Cooking Elements: – Romans – Moors • Ingredients: – Imports from exploration of new word • Spanish history includes much time overrun by outsiders wanting to take over. Resulting in absorption of wide range of cooking styles. 12
  • 13. Ingredients From New World • Tomato • Chocolate • Potato • Beans • Sweet Potato • Zucchini • Vanilla • Peppers 13
  • 14. Agricultural Production • Largest producer of olives in world • Chief agricultural products: Barley Milk Olives Oranges Potatoes Tomatoes Wheat Grapes • Poor soil and dry climate results in low production. 14
  • 15. Livestock • Sheep main livestock • Europe’s leading fishing country – Fishing industry includes: • Mussels • Sardines • Cod • Anchovies • Squid 15
  • 16. Spanish Meals • 8:00 am light breakfast • 11:00 am midmorning breakfast • 1:00 pm tapas • 2:00 lunch • Between 5:00 and 6:00 tea and pastries • Between 8:00 and 9:00 tapas • Between 10:00 and Midnight dinner 16
  • 17. Light Breakfast • 8:00 am • Includes coffee or thick hot chocolate and churros or bread • Churros are fried doughnuts 17
  • 18. Midmorning Breakfast • Served at 11:00 am • Usually includes: – – – – Grilled sausages Fried squid Bread with tomato Omelet 18
  • 19. Tapas • Light snacks or appetizers • Eaten with fingers or toothpicks • Found in most cafés and bars – Not unusual to find 20 or more on menu • Word means cover or lid 19
  • 20. Tapas Continued • Originated in Andalucia • 1st tapas included thin slice of sausage or ham placed over mouth of glass to keep flies out • Today they may include: olives, toasted almonds, veal rolls, stuffed peppers, peppery octopus, cheese, or dips 20
  • 21. Lunch (Comida) • • • • Main meal of day Nearly all businesses close during lunch period Eaten at home Three courses 1. 2. 3. Soup or salad Fish, meat, vegetables Fruit and cheese 21
  • 22. Between Lunch and Dinner • Merienda – Tea and pastries – Between 5:00 and 6:00 pm • Tapas – Between 8:00 and 9:00 pm – May skip evening meal if eat substantial amount of tapas 22
  • 23. Dinner • Served between 10:00 pm and midnight • Includes three light courses • May include: – Soup – Omelets – Fruit 23
  • 24. Desserts • Not emphasized on menus • Not popular in their culture • Desserts they do serve: – Flan- an egg custard topped with caramel – Ice cream – Fresh glass of orange juice 24
  • 25. Paella • • • • Spain’s signature dish 1st prepared in Valencia Each region has own recipe Named after two-handled metal pan in which it was cooked and served • Ingredients may include: chicken, red peppers, shellfish, peas, snails, sausage, tomatoes • Served over saffron flavored rice 25
  • 26. Gazpacho • Liquid Salad • From region of Andalucia • Made from ripe tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, garlic, and bread moistened with olive oil, vinegar, and ice water • Served cold • Different Regions have own versions 26
  • 27. Other Popular Foods • Sausages (chorizo) flavored with paprika or garlic • Meat and Vegetable Stews • Garlic and tomatoes flavor many dishes • Olive oil common ingredient • Sauces accompany many dishes • Wine usually accompanies meals 27
  • 29. Clothing • Modern, conservative, stylish • Girls wear trousers • Boys are into designer wear 29
  • 30. Money Matters • Most major credit cards are accepted • Most places have ATMs that allow you to withdraw cash with your card • 1 US Dollar = .77 Euro 30
  • 31. Nightlife • Evenings start with el paseo • Spanish life is lived in the streets • Street cafes and bars • Nightclubs are the main attraction for teenagers 31
  • 32. Fiestas and Traditions • Each town has their own celebrations • Celebrate national holidays such as Christmas, Easter, All Saint’s Day, ect. • Majority of festivities are religious based 32
  • 33. Bullfighting • The National Sport of Spain • 711 AD • 24,000 bulls are killed each year 33
  • 34. Flamenco • • • • • The Great Spanish Tradition Cante: the song Baile: the dance Guitarra: guitar playing Product of the Gypsies 34
  • 36. Do you know where Spanish is spoken?  The Caribbean  Central America  Europe  North America  South America 36
  • 37. The Caribbean – Las Antillas Cuba Capital Facts La Habana #1 producer of sugar Guantanamo Naval Base belong to US Known worldwide for its cigars 37
  • 38. La República Dominicana Capital Facts Santo Domingo Santo Domingo is the oldest American city, established in 1496 shares the island with Haiti 38
  • 39. Puerto Rico Capital Facts San Juan Commonwealth of the US as of 1898 American citizens as of 1917 Ponce de León first governor 39
  • 40. Central America Guatemala Capital Facts La Ciudad de Guatemala Most populated country of CA Was the seat of the Mayas, one of the most advanced ancient civilizations 40
  • 41. Honduras Capital Facts Tegucigalpa Most mountainous of CA countries US buys 90% of their exported products 41
  • 42. El Salvador Capital Facts San Salvador Smallest country in CA Only CA country with no Atlantic coast 42
  • 44. Costa Rica Capital Facts San José Only American country without an army Traditionally a democratic country 44
  • 45. Panamá Capital Facts La Ciudad de Panamá US built Panama Canal Panama Canal only way for ship or boat to cross from Atlantic to Pacific without to tip of South America going 45
  • 46. Europe España Capital Madrid Facts Columbus received monetary support from Queen Isabel which resulted in the discovery of the New World Ruled by Dictator Francisco Franco 1939-1971 Ruled by King Juan Carlos I 1975-present 46
  • 47. North America México Capital Facts La Ciudad de México Chichén-Itzá ruins of Mayas and Toltecas La Ciudad de México founded on ruins of Tenochtitlán, ancient capital of Aztecs 47
  • 48. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? 2. What does “renaissance” mean? 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 48
  • 49. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 49
  • 50. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 50
  • 51. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 51
  • 52. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? 4. What did Cervantes write? 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. Greek and Roman cultures Don Quixote novel --the first 52
  • 53. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 53
  • 54. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 2. GLORY (get fame!) 54
  • 55. 1. What is Spain’s dominate religion? Roman Catholic 2. What does “renaissance” mean? Rebirth 3. What two cultures did the Renaissance study and imitate? Greek and Roman cultures 4. What did Cervantes write? Don Quixote novel --the first 5. What were the three major motivations for exploration—briefly explain each. 1. GOLD (get rich!) 2. GLORY (get fame!) 3. GOD (proselytize Christianity) 55
  • 56. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? 7. In what year did Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 56
  • 57. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 57
  • 58. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 58
  • 59. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 59
  • 60. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? Conquered the Aztec (gold); claimed Mexico for Spain 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? 60
  • 61. 6. Why did Columbus set sail? Find a western route to India 7. In what year did 1492 Columbus “discover” America? 8. What is Ferdinand Magellan best remembered for? Crew was first to circumnavigate the Earth. 9.What did Hernan Cortez do? Conquered the Aztec (gold); claimed Mexico for Spain 10. What did Francisco Pizzaro do? Conquered the Inca (potato); claimed much of S. America for Spain 61
  • 62. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 62
  • 63. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: Cortez and Pizarro 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 63
  • 64. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 64
  • 65. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 65
  • 66. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 66
  • 67. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 67
  • 68. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 68
  • 69. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca Horses, cattle, and smallpox 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe 69
  • 70. 11. Name two Spanish conquistadors: 12. What were the effects of European exploration 13. In the Columbian exchange, what went from Europe to America 14. In the Columbian exchange, which three products were shipped from America to Europe Cortez and Pizarro R. Rigid class system and dictatorships in Latin America A. African slaves brought from Africa C. Colonies imitate parent country E. European immigrate to N. and S. America D. Demise of Maya, Aztec, and Inca Horses, cattle, and smallpox Potato, corn, and tobacco 70
  • 71. 15. The effects of the Columbian exchange: 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 71
  • 72. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 72
  • 73. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 73
  • 74. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 74
  • 75. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? P. Plantation system grows cash crops 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 75
  • 76. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? 76
  • 77. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries— converted natives 77
  • 78. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in Columbian exchange: America R. Race based slavery (Africans) O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries— converted natives Dictatorships Rigid class system—Spanish on top 78
  • 79. 15. The effects of the C. Cash crops grown in America Columbian exchange: R. Race based slavery (Africans) 16. Who were the Jesuits? 17. Describe the government and society structure of Spanish colonies. 18. What is mercantilism? O. Oh, cash crops: cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee P. Plantation system grows cash crops S. Slaves brought over on Middle Passage Catholic missionaries—converted natives Dictatorships Rigid class system—Spanish on top Economic Theory: says wealth=power, so collect bullion 79
  • 80. 19. What country had the most bullion? 20. What effect did the bullion have? 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 80
  • 81. 19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 81
  • 82. 19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? Severe inflation—ruined economy 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? 82
  • 83. 19. What country had the most bullion? Spain 20. What effect did the bullion have? Severe inflation—ruined economy 21. Why did Spain decline as a power? Did not industrialize 83
  • 85. Since every town is associated with a particular saint festivals occur all year long. The duration of the festival can last from 1 to 10 days, depending on the saint and the town. Celebrated in a high-spirited way. Street parties, processions, huge dances in town’s central plaza, masked figures, traveling fairs, food, alcohol, gambling, music, bullfighting, fireworks, rodeos, in some places soccer tournaments, cockfights, horse races, beauty contests. People may visit the beach all day. Indigenous peoples dress in native costumes and show traditional dances and music such as the Mayans in Guatemala. Everything in a town comes to a stop. All Saint’s Day 85
  • 86. Examples: Festival of Our Lady of Guadalupe: Before leaving Spain fro the Americas, many adventurers visited a shrine in the small town of Guadalupe. There they prayed to an image of the Virgin Mary for a safe journey and success. The name of the town and the Virgin were carried to many places in the Spanish colonies. 86
  • 87. Examples: Basilica de la Virgin de Guadalupe 87
  • 88. Begins with celebrations at La Misa Del Gallo or the Mass of the Rooster when thousands go to church, even those that do not normally attend. Common is the nativity scene (nacimiento or presebre) that are often life-size. Money dictates amount of decorations and gifts. Most countries have Christmas trees. Beginning sometime between November 26 to December 16 depending on the country: church members and villagers practice posados or “inns” taking statues of the Virgin Mary and Joseph from house to house every night being rejected until a door is finally opened. December 15 / St. Nicholas Day December 23, sing, pray, and eat together at every house. Sing villancicos (carols) together. Asaltos – surprise visits by groups of friends going from one house to another, calling to friends to join the party, lots of noise and drinking. Children ask for aguinaldo (or small gift) . 88
  • 89. Three Kings Day / Epiphan Venezuela - In the Andean region of Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo, the celebration called La Paradura del Niño is focused on Jesus as a child. It is celebrated around the 6th of January. It is a procession in which the baby in the manger is placed on a large handkerchief and each corner is held by a person who hold a candle in his hands. The baby is paraded around the town from house to house, and a drink is offered to the people who carry him. The people in the niño's (baby's) procession pray for him and for themselves. 89
  • 90. Independence Day Emancipation Day Constitution Day Discovery (of the country) Day Labor Day Columbus Day 90
  • 136. la fruta y vegetales 136
  • 159. la crema de cacahuete 159
  • 162. Los Días de la Semana el lunes el miércoles el martes el viernes el jueves el domingo el sábado     days of the week are not capitalized all days are masculine use “el” or “los” to say “on…” only sábado and domingo have plurals los sábados los domingos  the Hispanic calendar begins el lunes 162
  • 163. Vocabulario sobre el calendario… anteayer day before yesterday ayer hoy yesterday = today mañana tomorrow pasado mañana day after tomorrow 163
  • 164. Más vocabulario sobre el calendario… el fin de semana the weekend la semana pasada last week la semana que viene todos los días fue el primero next week = every day was the first of the month 164
  • 165. Las estaciones del año… el invierno la primavera el verano el otoño 165
  • 167. Las estaciones y los meses… (seasons) (months)  seasons and months are not capitalized  articles are not used with months  articles are used with seasons, except after “en”  “la primavera” is the only feminine season  watch spelling / pronunciation 167
  • 168. ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? “es” + “el” + number + “de” + month + “de” + year  Hoy es el 15 de octubre de 1986.  Mañana es el 23 de mayo de 1994.  Anteayer fue el 10 de abril de 1998. However…  Hoy es el 25 de enero del 2000.  Pasado mañana es el 2 de julio del 2001. 168
  • 169. La fecha (cont’d)… Use “primero” (1º) for the first day of any month:  Hoy es el primero de enero del 2000.  Mi cumpleaños es el primero de agosto. When writing a date, the day comes first:  el 4 de julio de 1999  4 / 7 / 99 4 . 7 . 99 169
  • 170. Un repaso breve de los números… diez veinte treinta cuarenta cincuenta doscientos trescientos cuatrocientos sesenta setenta ochenta noventa cien ciento uno ciento treinta y cuatro ciento noventa y nueve quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos mil 170
  • 171. El Verbo “GUSTAR” • En español gustar significa “to be pleasing” • In English, the equivalent is “to like” 171
  • 172. Por ejemplo: • In English we say: • En español decimos: “I like Spanish.” “To me, Spanish is pleasing.” 172
  • 173. I like the beach. In English: En español: • “I” is the subject • “the beach” is the subject • “like” is the verb • “the beach” is the direct object • “to please” is the verb • “me” is the indirect object 173
  • 174. En Español…: The word order is actually “backwards”: • The indirect object comes first: • Then the verb: • Finally the subject of the verb: la playa. • Make it negative by adding “no” at the beginning. 174
  • 176. Frases de clarificación: He likes to swim. “Le gusta nadar.” She likes to swim. You like to swim. “Les gusta la playa.” They like the beach. You like the beach. 176
  • 177. Me gusta… / Me gustan… I like… Te gusta… / Te gustan… You like… Le gusta… / Le gustan… He / she / You like(s)… Nos gusta… / Nos gustan… = We like… Os gusta… / Os gustan… You guys like… Les gusta… / Les gustan… They / you like… 177
  • 178. ¿Cómo se dice? “They like history and spanish.” Les la historia y gustan el español. 178
  • 179. ¿Cómo se dice en español? Me gusta estudiar. I like to study. (A Elena) le gusta ver la televisión. Elena likes to watch television. No nos gusta hacer la tarea. We don’t like to do homework. (A Carlos y a Miguel) les gustan los coches. ¿Os gusta mirar fotos? Te gusta ir de compras, ¿verdad? Carlos and Miguel like cars. Do you guys like to look at photos? You like to go shopping, right? 179
  • 181. Ser español… • ser verbs mean “to be” • Used in very different cases • Irregular conjugations 181
  • 182. ¿Cuáles son las formas? Ser Soy Eres Es Somos Sois Son 182
  • 183. El Origen: Juan es de España. El libro es de Guatemala. Mis primos son de Buenos Aires. 183
  • 184. La Identificación: Tú eres la hermana de Pedro. Nosotros somos americanos. El Sr. Ayala es profesor de español. 184
  • 185. Las Características: Yo soy muy alto y delgado. Carmen y Pablo son jóvenes. Esta clase es aburrida. 185
  • 186. Un Evento: La clase es a las ocho. La fiesta es en mi casa. Los conciertos son en el parque. 186
  • 187. Las formas del verbo SER (to be) yo soy tú nosotros nosotras somos eres él ella usted es ellos ellas ustedes son 187
  • 188. LOS USOS DE SER 1. time, day, date 2. nationality 3. Characteristics 4. possession 188
  • 189. SER is used to express: • time – ¿Qué hora es? – Son las dos. • day – ¿Qué día es hoy? – Hoy es lunes. • date – ¿Cuál es la fecha? – Es el 31 de diciembre. 189
  • 190. SER is used to express: • nationality – ¿De dónde eres? – Soy de México. – Soy mexicano. 190
  • 191. 191