Wind Energy in Hawaii UHM Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability September 2009

Presentation Topics Resource and technology Wind development in Hawaii Issues Future activities

Resource and technology

Wind development in Hawaii

Issues

Future activities

Wind Description and Considerations Wind power Conversion of wind’s kinetic energy into electricity Considerations Strong, steady winds from 15 mph Average land intensity (7-40 acres per MW) Low turbulence Flat area if possible Clear of obstructions Suitable crane, harbor access, and site accessibility

Wind power

Conversion of wind’s kinetic energy into electricity

Considerations

Strong, steady winds from 15 mph

Average land intensity (7-40 acres per MW)

Low turbulence

Flat area if possible

Clear of obstructions

Suitable crane, harbor access, and site accessibility

Wind Technology Development Wind energy development in the 1970s to early 1990s led to an optimum wind turbine design

Wind Schematic

Wind Turbine Development

Typical Power Output vs. Wind Speed Curve

Wind Energy Cost

State High Resolution Wind Density Map

Wind Density Map of Oahu

Kahuku -- Wind Energy Research MOD-0A Wind Turbine (1980) U.S. Department of Energy/NASA wind demonstration project HECO operated MOD-0A for 2 years Westinghouse 200 kW design Most productive of all 4 MOD-0A installations Capacity factor ~36 percent

U.S. Department of Energy/NASA wind demonstration project

HECO operated MOD-0A for 2 years

Westinghouse 200 kW design

Most productive of all 4 MOD-0A installations

Capacity factor ~36 percent

Kahuku Wind Farm Development Wind Farm, Ltd. (1981) 80 MW private wind farm development at Kahuku EIS prepared 20-4 MW wind turbines 138 kV line from Wahiawa to Kahuku Project never developed

80 MW private wind farm development at Kahuku

EIS prepared

20-4 MW wind turbines

138 kV line from Wahiawa to Kahuku

Project never developed

Kahuku Wind Farm Westinghouse Wind Turbines (1985) HERS owned and operated from 1985-1993 15 - 600 kW Westinghouse turbines Production lower than projected Operation and maintenance was higher than projected New World Power owned and operated from 1993 to 1996 (bankrupt) Reverted to landowner, Campbell Estates U.S. Army acquiring parcels at Kahuku for training

HERS owned and operated from 1985-1993

15 - 600 kW Westinghouse turbines

Production lower than projected

Operation and maintenance was higher than projected

New World Power owned and operated from 1993 to 1996 (bankrupt)

Reverted to landowner, Campbell Estates

U.S. Army acquiring parcels at Kahuku for training

Kahuku Wind Energy Research Boeing Mod-5B Wind Turbine (1987) HERS owned and operated from 1987-1993 3,200 kW Boeing turbine World’s largest wind turbine at the time Last of federal-sponsored turbines Production was lower than projected

HERS owned and operated from 1987-1993

3,200 kW Boeing turbine

World’s largest wind turbine at the time

Last of federal-sponsored turbines

Production was lower than projected

Kahuku Wind Farm U.S. Windpower (1991) U.S. Windpower proposed a 15 MW wind farm PUC approved power purchase agreement; however at lower price U.S. Windpower decided not to pursue

U.S. Windpower proposed a 15 MW wind farm

PUC approved power purchase agreement; however at lower price

U.S. Windpower decided not to pursue

Kaena Point Wind Energy Development (1994) Air Force examined (1-2 MW) wind farm development DOD funds available for renewable energy development Wind turbine solicitation Draft EA developed for review. Issues raised related to Aesthetics Bird kills Cultural Archeological Air Force withdrew solicitation--recommended project not be funded

Air Force examined (1-2 MW) wind farm development

DOD funds available for renewable energy development

Wind turbine solicitation

Draft EA developed for review. Issues raised related to

Aesthetics

Bird kills

Cultural

Archeological

Air Force withdrew solicitation--recommended project not be funded

Kahe Wind Farm Visualization – Ko Olina Entrance (2005) 26 wind turbines for 39 MW

Kahe Wind Farm Potential (26 turbines @ 39 MW) Kahe Power Plant Waimanalo Gulch Landfill Nike Site Camp Timberline Meteorological tower

Kahuku Wind Farm Military Site (2007) Discussions with Army Collected 1-yr data on existing communication tower Avian radar survey conducted in early 2007 Awaited Army approval for other met tower and Sodar monitoring Army (Wash DC) opted not to pursue Area of Interest

Discussions with Army

Collected 1-yr data on existing communication tower

Avian radar survey conducted in early 2007

Awaited Army approval for other met tower and Sodar monitoring

Army (Wash DC) opted not to pursue

Wind Density Map of Big Island

Kahua Ranch Wind Farm Big Island (1983) Control Data Corporation 3.4 MW Phase 1: 18-17.5 kW Jacobs wind turbines Phase 2: 180-17.5 kW Jacob wind turbines Hawaiian Electric Renewable Systems (HERS) owned and operated in 1987 Wind farm shutdown in 1992

Control Data Corporation

3.4 MW

Phase 1: 18-17.5 kW Jacobs wind turbines

Phase 2: 180-17.5 kW Jacob wind turbines

Hawaiian Electric Renewable Systems (HERS) owned and operated in 1987

Wind farm shutdown in 1992

Lalamilo Wind Farm Big Island (1985) Control Data Corporation 2.3 MW 39-17.5 and 81-20 kW Jacob wind turbines HERS owned and operated from 1987 to 1996 HELCO asset from 1996

Control Data Corporation

2.3 MW

39-17.5 and 81-20 kW Jacob wind turbines

HERS owned and operated from 1987 to 1996

HELCO asset from 1996

Kama’oa Wind Farm Big Island (1987) Apollo Energy Corp. 9 MW 37-250 kW Mitsubishi wind turbines Planned expansion up to 20 MW

Apollo Energy Corp.

9 MW

37-250 kW Mitsubishi wind turbines

Planned expansion up to 20 MW

Hawi Wind Farm Big Island (2006) Hawi Renewable Development (HRD) 10.56 MW wind farm 16 wind turbines (Vestas V47 - 660 kW) 241 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip) Operational in May 2006

Hawi Renewable Development (HRD)

10.56 MW wind farm

16 wind turbines (Vestas V47 - 660 kW)

241 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

Operational in May 2006

Pakini Nui Wind Farm Big Island (2007) Re-power to 20.5 MW 14 wind turbines GE 1.5 MW 380 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip) Operational in April 2007

Re-power to 20.5 MW

14 wind turbines

GE 1.5 MW

380 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

Operational in April 2007

Wind Density Map of Maui

Maui Wind Energy Development Windane Wind Turbine (1984) Danish Pacific Windpower owned and operated MECO hosted 340 kW wind turbine demonstration MECO later purchased the unit (1989) Dismantled due to structural problems (1991)

Danish Pacific Windpower owned and operated

MECO hosted 340 kW wind

turbine demonstration

MECO later purchased the unit (1989)

Dismantled due to structural problems (1991)

Maui Wind Energy Development (1984, 2002) 10 MW private wind farm development in Kapalua (1984) Power purchase agreement (PUC approved) Problems in obtaining financing and land lease Power purchase agreement terminated (1989) Future 20 MW private wind farm development in Kaheawa (2001)

10 MW private wind farm development in Kapalua (1984)

Power purchase agreement (PUC approved)

Problems in obtaining financing and land lease

Power purchase agreement terminated (1989)

Future 20 MW private wind farm development in Kaheawa (2001)

Kaheawa Wind Farm Maui (2006) First Wind (formerly UPC) 30 MW 20 wind turbines GE 1.5 MW wind turbines ~300 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

First Wind (formerly UPC)

30 MW

20 wind turbines

GE 1.5 MW wind turbines

~300 ft. turbine height (ground to blade tip)

Auwahi Wind Farm – Maui (Future) Shell WindEnergy development ~40 MW Ulupalakua Ranch

Shell WindEnergy development

~40 MW

Ulupalakua Ranch

Molokai Wind Energy Development Vestas Wind Turbines (1991) 1 MW private wind farm development on Molokai Wind-Diesel wind farm demonstration 3-100 kW Vestas wind turbines 1-100 kW diesel generator Electronic problems due to possible lighting strike (1994) Power purchase agreement terminated (1997)

1 MW private wind farm development on Molokai

Wind-Diesel wind farm demonstration

3-100 kW Vestas wind turbines

1-100 kW diesel generator

Electronic problems due to possible lighting strike (1994)

Power purchase agreement terminated (1997)

Wind Challenges Regulating units are worked harder to maintain system stability Ride through for faults and frequency upsets Excess wind energy leads to curtailments Wind projects must be located where wind resource is (site availability, access, transmission/interconnection issues)

Regulating units are worked harder to maintain system stability

Ride through for faults and frequency upsets

Excess wind energy leads to curtailments

Wind projects must be located where wind resource is (site availability, access, transmission/interconnection issues)

HRD wind farm output Actual HELCO Frequency Scenario Apollo wind farm output System frequency Wind speed Limited wind farm output Frequency stabilized April 2007

HRD wind farm output

Facilitate Integration of Intermittent RE Resources Wind integration studies (GE) Electronic shock absorber Bulk energy storage evaluations Pumped storage hydro assessments (Big Island and Maui) Address integration issues to allow for increased intermittent renewable

Wind integration studies (GE)

Electronic shock absorber

Bulk energy storage evaluations

Pumped storage hydro assessments (Big Island and Maui)

HECO 100 MW Renewable Energy RFP Sept 2007 - SOI Feb 2008 - Draft RFP Mar 2008 - Technical Conference Jun 2008 - Final RFP Jul 2008 - Bidders Conference Sept 2008 – Bids Due Dec 2008 – Short List Aug 2009 - Award Shell WindEnergy

Sept 2007 - SOI

Feb 2008 - Draft RFP

Mar 2008 - Technical Conference

Jun 2008 - Final RFP

Jul 2008 - Bidders Conference

Sept 2008 – Bids Due

Dec 2008 – Short List

Aug 2009 - Award

Big Wind to Oahu Lanai Castle & Cooke 200 MW Undersea cable to Oahu Molokai First Wind 200 MW Undersea cable to Oahu

Lanai

Castle & Cooke

200 MW

Undersea cable to Oahu

Molokai

First Wind

200 MW

Undersea cable to Oahu

Wind Density Map of Maui

Summary Everyone has a part to play HECO Businesses Government Individuals No one can do it alone

Everyone has a part to play

HECO

Businesses

Government

Individuals

No one can do it alone

QUESTIONS? [email_address] 543-7987