The Great Depression NEW DEAL

Contents Election of 1928, 1932, 1936 Flow charts of causes and reversing spiral of Great Depression Graphs of stock market and unemployment in the 1930s Dust Bowl Election of 1932 and links to FDR inaugural address New Deal Programs Fireside Chats (link to audio of 1 st fireside chat) Critics of FDR Social Security Movies, radio and the arts of the 1930s

Election of 1928, 1932, 1936

Flow charts of causes and reversing spiral of Great Depression

Graphs of stock market and unemployment in the 1930s

Dust Bowl

Election of 1932 and links to FDR inaugural address

New Deal Programs

Fireside Chats (link to audio of 1 st fireside chat)

Critics of FDR

Social Security

Movies, radio and the arts of the 1930s

(R) Herbert Hoover Food Administration WWI Secretary of Commerce (D) Al Smith (corner) Governor of New York 1 st Irish Catholic to run for White House Advantage? Republican prosperity in the 1920s ensure easy victory for Hoover The Election of 1928

(R) Herbert Hoover

Food Administration WWI

Secretary of Commerce

(D) Al Smith (corner)

Governor of New York

1 st Irish Catholic to run for White House

Advantage?

Republican prosperity in the 1920s ensure easy victory for Hoover

Causes of the Depression Fewer goods are sold . Demand drops. In order to stay in business companies cut wages People lose their confidence & start saving their money Demand drops even further. Companies are forced to cut costs by laying people off The Spiral Of Depression Even more people Lose their confidence And spend less money People lose their jobs.

Stock Market Crash of 1929 The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted on October 29, 1929. $14 billion was lost in one day. Stock Market will not recover for decades. Unofficial start of the Great Depression.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted on October 29, 1929.

$14 billion was lost in one day.

Stock Market will not recover for decades.

Unofficial start of the Great Depression.

Great Depression in the Cities In cities across the country people: lost their jobs Were evicted from their houses Ended up living on the street. Shantytowns, soup kitchens and bread lines appeared

In cities across the country people:

lost their jobs

Were evicted from their houses

Ended up living on the street.

Shantytowns, soup kitchens and bread lines appeared

People waiting in line for bread and soup and also living out of their car.

Farmers in the Midwest had over farmed the soil. Drought conditions led to 100 of acres of soil being “blown away.” These ‘black blizzards’ lasted from 1933 to 1939 . The Dust Bowl

Farmers in the Midwest had over farmed the soil.

Drought conditions led to 100 of acres of soil being “blown away.”

These ‘black blizzards’ lasted from 1933 to 1939 .

WW I vets marched on Washington DC. Demanded the bonus that was due in 1945 be paid presently. The Bonus Army

WW I vets marched on Washington DC.

Demanded the bonus that was due in 1945 be paid presently.

Bonus Army in DC… Congress refused their demands. Gen. MacArthur broke up the marchers and had their shanty town burned to the ground. Public relations disaster for President Hoover.

Congress refused their demands.

Gen. MacArthur broke up the marchers and had their shanty town burned to the ground.

Public relations disaster for President Hoover.

The Election of 1932 Hoover FDR

What were we thinking?

Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask Congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency. Link to: Text of Speech Video

Link to:

Text of Speech

Video

Series of radio addresses by FDR 30 total between 1933 to 1944 FDR used these to calm American people down. CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1 st chat on the Bank Crisis Fireside Chats

Series of radio addresses by FDR

30 total between 1933 to 1944

FDR used these to calm American people down.

CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1 st chat on the Bank Crisis

FDR and the New Deal During the presidential campaign of 1932, FDR promised Americans a NEW DEAL. This would be his program to get America back on its feet.

During the presidential campaign of 1932, FDR promised Americans a NEW DEAL.

This would be his program to get America back on its feet.

Relief Help people right away Recovery Get the US out of the Depression Reform Make sure another depression does not happen Goals of New Deal Program

Relief

Help people right away

Recovery

Get the US out of the Depression

Reform

Make sure another depression does not happen

New Deal : Relief Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Public Works Administration (PWA) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Farm Credit Association (FCA) Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Farm Credit Association (FCA)

Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

New Deal : Recovery Works Progress Administration (WPA) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) National Youth Administration (NYA) Federal Housing Act (FHA)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

National Youth Administration (NYA)

Federal Housing Act (FHA)

New Deal : Reform Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Wagner Act (NLRB) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Social Security

Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Wagner Act (NLRB)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Social Security

Reversing the Spiral of Depression Cycle of Prosperity! Democrats called this Process ‘ Pump Priming’ Government Spending $ Alphabet Agencies More Jobs More Spending Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced More people with Jobs = more pay $ More Spending Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced More Jobs More Pay = More Taxes

FDR and the Supreme Court

Court Packing…. The Supreme Court struck down several New Deal laws as unconstitutional. FDR wanted to increase the size of the court from 9 to 15. Would appoint justices who were pro-New Deal Congress did not agree with FDR. This hurt FDR’s image.

The Supreme Court struck down several New Deal laws as unconstitutional.

FDR wanted to increase the size of the court from 9 to 15.

Would appoint justices who were pro-New Deal

Congress did not agree with FDR.

This hurt FDR’s image.

Huey Long FDR was NOT doing enough for the poor . Long pushed his “ Share Our Wealth ” program. Take all income over $1,000,000 to give: House Car Annual Salary For all Americans

FDR was NOT doing enough for the poor .

Long pushed his “ Share Our Wealth ” program.

Take all income over $1,000,000 to give:

House

Car

Annual Salary

For all Americans

Dr. Francis Townshend FDR was NOT doing enough for old people . Proposed a $200 a month pension to everyone over 60. This was good for (2) reasons: $$ to boost economy Open a job up for a younger American

FDR was NOT doing enough for old people .

Proposed a $200 a month pension to everyone over 60.

This was good for (2) reasons:

$$ to boost economy

Open a job up for a younger American

Charles Coughlin FDR had NOT done enough…. Fr. Coughlin felt that FDR did not take on the powerful bankers in the United States. Used the radio to blast FDR and became known as the “ Radio Priest”.

FDR had NOT done enough….

Fr. Coughlin felt that FDR did not take on the powerful bankers in the United States.

Used the radio to blast FDR and became known as the “ Radio Priest”.

Liberty League FDR had gone TO FAR with the New Deal. Interfering with business and people’s lives. Government was taking away freedoms from Americans.

FDR had gone TO FAR with the New Deal.

Interfering with business and people’s lives.

Government was taking away freedoms from Americans.

Social Security Act of 1935

How is Social Security funded? Social Security Trust Fund Workers Employers

Social Security Unemployment Insurance Old Age Pension Dependent Families + Disabled

Election of 1936

Movies

October 30, 1938 Orson Wells performed HG Wells classic over the radio. Made Wells famous Caused a panic because people thought Martians were invading Link to listen to the radio broadcast.

October 30, 1938

Orson Wells performed HG Wells classic over the radio.

Made Wells famous

Caused a panic because people thought Martians were invading

Link to listen to the radio broadcast.

Famous painting entitled “American Gothic”. Best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest. Grant Wood

Famous painting entitled “American Gothic”.

Best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest.

Folk singer during the Depression His personal and musical styles were deeply influenced by his childhood in rural Oklahoma during the Great Depression years. This Land is Your Land – famous song CLICK HERE to listen to song on YouTube Woody Guthrie

Folk singer during the Depression

His personal and musical styles were deeply influenced by his childhood in rural Oklahoma during the Great Depression years.

This Land is Your Land – famous song

CLICK HERE to listen to song on YouTube

Classical novel written by John Steinbeck in 1939. Focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers : Driven from their home by the drought They head to California looking for a better life The Grapes of Wrath

Classical novel written by John Steinbeck in 1939.

Focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers :

Driven from their home by the drought

They head to California looking for a better life

What will end the Great Depression? America’s entry into World War II

America’s entry into World War II