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Chapter 11:
Services to Children, Youth,
       and Families




  Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Social Work: A Competency-
           Oriented Education

 Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)
  - Defines Educational Policy and Accreditation
  Standards (EPAs)
  - Developed 10 “Core Competencies” and 41
  Related “Practice Behaviors”
 Every student should master the Practice
  Behaviors and Core Competencies before
  completing the program

           Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008


 The Textbook –
 - “Helping Hands” icons call attention to content that
 relates to Practice Behaviors and Competencies




 - “Competency Notes” at the end of the chapter
 help put the Practice Behaviors and Competencies
 in practical context
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008 (cont’d)


 The Practice Behaviors Workbook developed
  with the text provides assignable exercises that
  assist in mastering the Practice Behavior and
  Competencies

 Additional on-line resources can be found at:
 www.cengage.com/socialwork




            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Child welfare delivery system
Traditionally, the system that has provided programs
and policies that address child and family concerns
has been called the child welfare delivery system




EP 2.1.7b
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Current philosophical issues
•   Right to a permanent, nurturing family
•   Best interests of the child
•   Considerations before state intervention
•   Preventing family disruption and dysfunction
•   Holding parents accountable




EP 2.1.7b
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Defining services to children,
                 youth, and families
• Early definitions
• Social Security Act of 1935
• Contemporary definition




EP 2.1.3a
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
          and families – Colonial times
• Children were considered the responsibility of their
  families
• Little attention was given to children whose families
  were available to provide for them, no matter how
  well the family actually met their needs




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
           and families – 19th Century
• Child saving movement
• Mary Ellen case
• Charity Organization Societies and
  settlement house movement
• Reform movement




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
        and families – Early 20th Century
• U.S. Children’s Bureau (1912)
• Public departments of welfare
• American Association for Organizing Family Social
  Work (1919)
• Child Welfare League of America (1920)
• Development of healthy parent-child relationships




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth, and
     families - Social Security Act of 1935
The Social Security Act of 1935 established mothers’
pensions and mandated states to establish, expand,
and strengthen statewide child welfare programs




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth, and
           families – mid-1970s and 1980s
•   Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
•   Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA)
•   Education for all Handicapped Children Act
•   Indian Child Welfare Act
•   Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act




EP 2.1.3a
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth, and
             families – mid-1980s and 1990s
•    Independent Living program
•    Abandoned Infants Assistance Act
•    Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
•    Multiethnic Placement Act I and II
•    Adoption and Safe Families Act
•    Personal Responsibility Act
•    Foster Care Independence Act




    EP 2.1.3a
                Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
            and families – 2000 - 2010
• Adoption 2002 report
• Reauthorization of Welfare Reform Act of 1996
• Reauthorization of Promoting Safe and Stable
  Families program
• Kinship care promoted as a viable foster care
  placement alternative
• National Adoption Internet Photo-listing Service




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
           and families – 2000 – 2010 (cont’d)
•    Leave No Child Behind Act
•    Adoption Equality Act of 2005
•    Kinship Caregiver Act
•    Children’s Justice Act
•    Safe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster
     Children Act




    EP 2.1.3a
                Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
History of services to children, youth,
        and families – 2000 – 2010 (cont’d)
• Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
• Leave No Child Behind Act
• Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing
  Adoptions Act




EP 2.1.3a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Preventive services to children in
                   their own homes
•   Natural support systems
•   Home-based services
•   Parent education
•   Child development and child care programs
•   Recreational, religious, and social programs
•   Health and family planning programs
•   Education about family problems
•   Appropriate educational opportunities




EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.9b
              Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Services to children and families at risk
•   Health and hospital outreach programs
•   Child care
•   Homemaker services
•   Crisis intervention programs
•   Counseling
•   Support and self-help groups
•   Volunteer and outreach programs




EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.9b
              Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
School social work
A specialized field of social work that focuses on
services to children, youth, and families is school
social work, or social services offered in a school-
based setting




EP 2.1.1a, 2.1.7a, b
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Child protective services
• Investigations of child maltreatment
• Determination of intervention approach
• Typical services provided




EP 2.1.9b
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Family preservation services
Family preservation programs incorporate a family
systems perspective in working with families, viewing
the family as a dynamic system in disequilibrium
because of unmet needs of various family members




 EP 2.1.7a, b
                Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Family preservation programs
• Family support programs
• Family-centered preventive programs
• Intensive family preservation services




EP 2.1.7a, b
           Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Substitute care
• Family foster care
• Group home care
• Residential treatment




EP 2.1.7a, b
               Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Adoption
When parents choose not to or cannot provide for
their children, the court can terminate their parental
rights, and the child becomes legally free for adoption




 EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.8a
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Adoption issues
• Adoption of children with special needs
• Ethnicity and child placement
• Recruiting more families of color
• Post-adoption services
• Reclaiming children after they have been placed for
  adoption
• Foreign-born adoptions and open adoptions




EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.8a
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Child welfare and cultural diversity
• Impact of culture on individuals, families, and
  communities
• Diversity within as well as across groups
• Diversity as a strength rather than a deviation
• Impact of oppression and social and economic
  injustice on at-risk populations




EP 2.1.4a
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Child welfare and the future
A major debate in the child welfare field relates to
what direction should be taken in providing services
to children, youth, and families in the future




EP 2.1.8a, 2.1.9b
             Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Role of social workers in providing services to
            children, youth, and families
• Child care workers in group homes and residential
  treatment centers
• Women’s and children’s counselors at battered
  women’s shelters
• Child care workers in group homes and residential
  treatment centers




EP 2.1.1c
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Role of social workers in providing services to
        children, youth, and families (cont’d)
• Women’s and children’s counselors at battered
  women’s shelters
• Counselors at youth shelters
• Crisis counselors in law enforcement agencies
• Child protective services and foster care workers in
  public and private social service agencies




EP 2.1.1c
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Role of social workers in providing services to
        children, youth, and families (cont’d)
• Family preservation programs
• Assisting families in getting off public assistance
• Children with developmental disabilities and their
  families
• Substance abuse counselors
• School social workers




EP 2.1.1c
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Role of social workers in providing services to
         children, youth, and families (cont’d)
• Legislative assistants
• Advocacy or policy-related positions
• Staff members of state and federal child and family
  service organizations
• Directors of child- and family-serving agencies
• Faculty at colleges and universities




EP 2.1.1c
            Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing

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Chapter 11 Services to Children, Youth and Families

  • 1. Chapter 11: Services to Children, Youth, and Families Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 2. Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 3. Social Work: A Competency- Oriented Education  Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) - Defines Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAs) - Developed 10 “Core Competencies” and 41 Related “Practice Behaviors”  Every student should master the Practice Behaviors and Core Competencies before completing the program Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 4. Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008  The Textbook – - “Helping Hands” icons call attention to content that relates to Practice Behaviors and Competencies - “Competency Notes” at the end of the chapter help put the Practice Behaviors and Competencies in practical context Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 5. Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008 (cont’d)  The Practice Behaviors Workbook developed with the text provides assignable exercises that assist in mastering the Practice Behavior and Competencies  Additional on-line resources can be found at: www.cengage.com/socialwork Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 6. Child welfare delivery system Traditionally, the system that has provided programs and policies that address child and family concerns has been called the child welfare delivery system EP 2.1.7b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 7. Current philosophical issues • Right to a permanent, nurturing family • Best interests of the child • Considerations before state intervention • Preventing family disruption and dysfunction • Holding parents accountable EP 2.1.7b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 8. Defining services to children, youth, and families • Early definitions • Social Security Act of 1935 • Contemporary definition EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 9. History of services to children, youth, and families – Colonial times • Children were considered the responsibility of their families • Little attention was given to children whose families were available to provide for them, no matter how well the family actually met their needs EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 10. History of services to children, youth, and families – 19th Century • Child saving movement • Mary Ellen case • Charity Organization Societies and settlement house movement • Reform movement EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 11. History of services to children, youth, and families – Early 20th Century • U.S. Children’s Bureau (1912) • Public departments of welfare • American Association for Organizing Family Social Work (1919) • Child Welfare League of America (1920) • Development of healthy parent-child relationships EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 12. History of services to children, youth, and families - Social Security Act of 1935 The Social Security Act of 1935 established mothers’ pensions and mandated states to establish, expand, and strengthen statewide child welfare programs EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 13. History of services to children, youth, and families – mid-1970s and 1980s • Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act • Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) • Education for all Handicapped Children Act • Indian Child Welfare Act • Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 14. History of services to children, youth, and families – mid-1980s and 1990s • Independent Living program • Abandoned Infants Assistance Act • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act • Multiethnic Placement Act I and II • Adoption and Safe Families Act • Personal Responsibility Act • Foster Care Independence Act EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 15. History of services to children, youth, and families – 2000 - 2010 • Adoption 2002 report • Reauthorization of Welfare Reform Act of 1996 • Reauthorization of Promoting Safe and Stable Families program • Kinship care promoted as a viable foster care placement alternative • National Adoption Internet Photo-listing Service EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 16. History of services to children, youth, and families – 2000 – 2010 (cont’d) • Leave No Child Behind Act • Adoption Equality Act of 2005 • Kinship Caregiver Act • Children’s Justice Act • Safe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster Children Act EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 17. History of services to children, youth, and families – 2000 – 2010 (cont’d) • Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act • Leave No Child Behind Act • Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act EP 2.1.3a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 18. Preventive services to children in their own homes • Natural support systems • Home-based services • Parent education • Child development and child care programs • Recreational, religious, and social programs • Health and family planning programs • Education about family problems • Appropriate educational opportunities EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.9b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 19. Services to children and families at risk • Health and hospital outreach programs • Child care • Homemaker services • Crisis intervention programs • Counseling • Support and self-help groups • Volunteer and outreach programs EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.9b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 20. School social work A specialized field of social work that focuses on services to children, youth, and families is school social work, or social services offered in a school- based setting EP 2.1.1a, 2.1.7a, b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 21. Child protective services • Investigations of child maltreatment • Determination of intervention approach • Typical services provided EP 2.1.9b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 22. Family preservation services Family preservation programs incorporate a family systems perspective in working with families, viewing the family as a dynamic system in disequilibrium because of unmet needs of various family members EP 2.1.7a, b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 23. Family preservation programs • Family support programs • Family-centered preventive programs • Intensive family preservation services EP 2.1.7a, b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 24. Substitute care • Family foster care • Group home care • Residential treatment EP 2.1.7a, b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 25. Adoption When parents choose not to or cannot provide for their children, the court can terminate their parental rights, and the child becomes legally free for adoption EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.8a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 26. Adoption issues • Adoption of children with special needs • Ethnicity and child placement • Recruiting more families of color • Post-adoption services • Reclaiming children after they have been placed for adoption • Foreign-born adoptions and open adoptions EP 2.1.7a, b, 2.1.8a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 27. Child welfare and cultural diversity • Impact of culture on individuals, families, and communities • Diversity within as well as across groups • Diversity as a strength rather than a deviation • Impact of oppression and social and economic injustice on at-risk populations EP 2.1.4a Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 28. Child welfare and the future A major debate in the child welfare field relates to what direction should be taken in providing services to children, youth, and families in the future EP 2.1.8a, 2.1.9b Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 29. Role of social workers in providing services to children, youth, and families • Child care workers in group homes and residential treatment centers • Women’s and children’s counselors at battered women’s shelters • Child care workers in group homes and residential treatment centers EP 2.1.1c Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 30. Role of social workers in providing services to children, youth, and families (cont’d) • Women’s and children’s counselors at battered women’s shelters • Counselors at youth shelters • Crisis counselors in law enforcement agencies • Child protective services and foster care workers in public and private social service agencies EP 2.1.1c Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 31. Role of social workers in providing services to children, youth, and families (cont’d) • Family preservation programs • Assisting families in getting off public assistance • Children with developmental disabilities and their families • Substance abuse counselors • School social workers EP 2.1.1c Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
  • 32. Role of social workers in providing services to children, youth, and families (cont’d) • Legislative assistants • Advocacy or policy-related positions • Staff members of state and federal child and family service organizations • Directors of child- and family-serving agencies • Faculty at colleges and universities EP 2.1.1c Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing