Dry Ject And Aqua P Hix Presentation

DRYJECT

Injecting Profile Porous Ceramic Greens Grade

Inject and Amend in One Pass

● Minimal SURFACE Disruption

● Fracturing & Shattering Around and Between Holes.

Core Aerifier Hole DryJect Holes

Aquaphix Training Module

Aquaphix Training Module Summary

Discuss soil pH

What is Aquaphix?

Discuss soil structure, bicarbonates & salts

Aquaphix Product Line – review literature

Research & data

Alkaline Soils

pH above 7.3 negatively affect plant health in two ways

High pH reduces nutrient availability and uptake

Associated bicarbonate and salt build up reduce water infiltration

Alkalinity is typically caused by the natural soil or the irrigation water source

Effluent or hard water brings alkalinity, bicarbonates and salts far beyond what natural soil flushing can deter

pH Affects Nutrient Uptake 6.3 – 7.3 is the sweet spot for optimal nutrient availability, uptake and ultimately plant health As you can see in the chart, Nutrient availability tapers off according to pH levels

Pink, Purple and Green, a new Market Irrigation water is primary source of bicarbonate and salt issues At the right you can see that hard water is an issue across most of the US. pH and bicarbonate issues occur even in yellow areas and are based on local conditions Basics of Bicarbonate and Salts

Bicarbonate increases sodium build up in soils by precipitating calcium and magnesium as carbonate, which have extremely low solubility.

As Ca and Mg are tied up, Na accumulates in soil causing sealing and poor water infiltration to occur.

Improvement is accomplished either by the increase of calcium or the decrease of bicarbonate.

When water causes soil permeability problems, the water can be improved by the addition of amendments.

Amendments do not have to be added directly to the water, but can be applied to soil on which the water is to be used.

Basics of Bicarbonate and Salts

How are alkaline soils treated?

Current Practices

Sulfur is added to the soil

Converted to sulfuric acid by biological activity in soil

Acid injection

Urea/sulfuric acid blend injected into the irrigation system

Sulfur burners

Sulfur is burned and fumes scrubbed with water to form sulfurous acid

Provides a safe and effective way to maintain proper pH in the root zone and manage bicarbonates and sodium

Aqua-pHix products are non-corrosive, safe around people and equipment

Can apply only where needed

Aqua-pHix

Aqua-pHix™ Product Characteristics

Proprietary liquid formulation of self-buffering, chelated organic & inorganic acids

Blend of Hydrochloric, Phosphoric, Oxalic and Citric acids

Non-hazardous & non-corrosive

Effective for 3-6 months

Precipitation dependent

Soil Structure & Chemistry Overview

Soil clay particles can be unattached to one another ( dispersed ) or clumped together ( flocculated ) in aggregates. Soil aggregates are cemented clusters of sand, silt, and clay particles. Dispersed Particles Flocculated Particles

Flocculation is important because water moves mostly in large pores between aggregates. Also, plant roots grow mainly between aggregates.

In all but the sandiest soils, dispersed clays plug soil pores and impede water infiltration and soil drainage.

Most clay particles have a negative electrical charge. Like charges repel, so clay particles repel one another. Negatively charged clay particle Negatively charged clay particle

A cation is a positively charged molecule. Common soil cations include sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), and calcium (Ca 2+ ). Cations can make clay particles stick together (flocculate). Negatively charged clay particle Negatively charged clay particle +

Flocculating Cations

We can divide cations into two categories

Poor flocculators

Sodium

Good flocculators

Calcium

Magnesium

Sumner and Naidu, 1998 Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium 43.0 Ca 2+ 27.0 Mg 2+ 1.7 K + 1.0 Na + Relative Flocculating Power Ion

Sodium Adsorption Ratio

The ratio of ‘bad’ to ‘good’ flocculators gives an indication of the relative status of these cations:

Na + Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Mathematically, this is expressed as the ‘sodium adsorption ratio’ or SAR: where concentrations are expressed in mmoles/L + + + + + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ SAR = [Na + ] [Ca 2+ ] + [Mg 2+ ]

Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Na + SAR Aggregate stability (dispersion and flocculation) depends on the balance (SAR) between (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) and Na + as well as the amount of soluble salts (EC) in the soil. EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + + ++ ++ + + Lower EC Higher EC

Na + SAR Soil particles will flocculate if concentrations of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) are increased relative to the concentration of Na + (SAR is decreased). Flocculated soil Dispersed soil Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ EC + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

Na + SAR Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Soil particles will disperse if concentrations of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) are decreased relative to the concentration of Na + (SAR is increased). EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil + + + ++ ++ ++ + + + +

Soil particles may disperse if the amount of soluble salts in the soil is decreased (i.e. if EC is decreased). Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Na + SAR Lower EC Higher EC EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil ++ ++ ++ + + +

Soils can be classified by the amount of soluble salts (EC) and sodium status (SAR). This classification can tell us something about soil structure. >4 <4 >4 <4 EC Flocculated >13 Saline-Sodic Dispersed >13 Sodic Flocculated <13 Saline Flocculated <13 Normal Condition SAR Soil Classification

Observe your soil - sodic soils often crack when dry

Na + SAR Increasing soluble calcium improves aggregate stability in soils with poor structure. Flocculated soil Dispersed soil Ca 2+ ++ ++ Gypsum CaSO 4 SO 4 2- EC + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

pH? > 7 yes Ca + Mg < HCO3? No Problem < 7 Gypsum From soil or added Aqua-pHix No Problem Sodium? yes No No Problem No

165.76 730.88 (TDS) Salt Concentration 12.33 1.13 54.36 (S04) Sulfur as 38.10 4.74 167.99 (Cl) Chloride 0.00 (OH) Hydroxide 75.08 5.43 331.06 (HCO3) Bicarbonate 0.00 (CO3) Carbonate 61.54 271.32 (CaCO3) Total Alkalinity 0.09 0.42 (Fe) Iron 25.90 4.96 114.19 (Na) Sodium 4.28 0.48 18.85 (K) Potassium 3.82 1.38 16.83 (Mg) Magnesium 20.20 4.45 89.09 (Ca) Calcium lbs/ac in meq/l (ppm) 7.84 292.48 17.10 1.14 2.91 6.40 7.20 -0.40 pH Hardness ( ppm ) Hardness (grains/gal) Conductivity (mmhos/cm) Sodium Adsorp. Ratio Adjusted SAR pHc Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)

Maximizes plant establishment and density

Immediately begins to decrease pH of soil solution

Dissolves bicarbonate & displaces sodium

Improves nutrient availability

Improves water penetration

Loosens soil for increased root activity

Safe for people, animals, plants & equipment

Assists vegetative establishment in calcareous saline soils

Aqua-pHix™ Benefits

Packaging and Pricing

50# bag, 40 per 1 ton pallet - Granular Bag

Application – 2 options

Top-dress - Monthly applications for consistent management

See sell sheet for rate chart

Spread evenly across surface, irrigation flush the green to activate

Aeration - Applied once for longer term fix (months)

200# per 1000 sq. ft. per application

May be mixed with sand

Granular Formula

Packaging

2 – 2.5 gal jugs per case

Application

2 – 8 gal per acre per month typically

Always use with salt flush programs

Maintain dilution ratio of 25:1 H2O:product

Load and apply as with other spray products

Non-Hazardous

Contains no Nitrogen or Sulfur

Excellent spray buffer

Adjust tank solution to 5.5

Do not use with JumpStart

Do not tank mix with pesticides, fertilizers and/or JumpStart

Aqua-pHix will not harm sprayer parts including copper, brass and aluminum except where zinc is present (diluted won’t harm zinc)

Allow newly seeded areas to establish prior to applying

Spray Formula

Packaging - 2 – 2.5 gal jugs per case

MSDS and technical information available on www.profileproducts.com

Aqua-pHix™ Specs

Application Rates

Packaging and Pricing

55 gal barrel - Fertigation Label

Application

Monthly soil flush

Inject into Fertigation system similarly to other products

Aqua-pHix will not harm irrigation parts including copper, brass and aluminum

Fertigation Formula

Injection

Irrigation system maintenance

Inject once per month

Adjust water to 4.5

Keep in irrigation system 24 hours

Flush cycle aid

Safety

Corrosivity

Volume determined by water test or pH meter

Assume 1 gal/ 10,000 gal H2O

Aqua-pHix has been proven safe and effective through multiple research and test trials:

Efficacy – Turf Diagnostics laboratory testing of Hydro Formula on test cores

81% reduction in salt ppm

pH 7.8 reduced to 6.23 (average of 3 plots)

Efficacy – Brookside labs tested Aqua-pHix Granular for long term acid release at Grapevine TX, golf course trial

60% reduction in soluble salts

75% reduction in bicarbonates

52% reduction in sodium

37% reduction in soil test sodium

77% reduction in sulfur

Phytotoxicity – 3 rd party testing commissioned by manufacturer

Did not cause turf burn at 2.5 times maximum recommended rate

For more specific information on testing, click here

Aqua-pHix Testing Info

Aqua-pHix™ Research

Turf Diagnostics – Product Efficacy

A .5 % solution of Aqua-pHix was prepared by diluting Aqua-pHix into tap water (pH 7.30) resulting in a 2.31 pH solution. Three inch Core samples were taken from Traditions Golf Club for testing.