Израильско - Американский фонд BIRD для поддержки совместный проектов

Slide 1: The BIRD Foundation: Supporting Technologies for the Hydrogen Economy IEA/IPHE Workshop Paris, France July 11, 2007 Dr. Eitan Yudilevich Executive Director 1

Slide 2: 1977-2007 Mission To stimulate, promote and support joint industrial R&D of mutual benefit to Israel and the United States Partnering for Progress 2 7/6/2007

Slide 3: The BIRD Model 3 7/6/2007

Slide 4: BIRD – Performance Summary ~$240M granted during 30 years 743 projects approved ~$80M repayments (royalties from sales) More than $4B in sales, generated by BIRD sponsored projects Billions more in sales, indirectly generated by BIRD sponsored activities 4 7/6/2007

Slide 5: 1977-2007 Examples of Projects Partnering for Progress 5 7/6/2007

Slide 6: Electro-optics Project title: Aircraft Enhanced Vision System (EVS) Opgal Optronic Ind. Ltd. is a leading supplier of highly sensitive EYE cooled and uncooled Thermal Imaging EVS View view Systems, infrared cameras engines for industrial, R&D, defense, security and paramilitary applications. Joint development product: The EVS camera is designed to provide day/night improved Kollsman, Inc. is a leading orientation. It allows visual landing in reduced manufacturer of avionics and electro-optic visibility conditions, such as fog, haze, dust, smog systems supplying to commercial and etc. The system provides a fused, visual and military markets as well as a medical near-IR picture, and displays a video image, instruments systems contractor superimposed on the pilot's Field-Of-View. 6 Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain 7/6/2007

Slide 7: Life Sciences Project title: CByond specialized in Fox Electronic Video Camera designing video-scopes for medical applications. ACMI (American Cystoscope Makers, Inc.; Now: Gyrus ACMI), founded in Joint development product: 1908 is a leader in the development Flexible endoscope with integrated and production of the world’s finest miniature video camera and LED as a endoscopy instrumentation for the light source. medical industry. 7 Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain 7/6/2007

Slide 8: Renewable Energy/Environment Project title: Emissions to BiofuelsTM Algatechnologies Ltd. is a biotechnology company based in the Arava desert, with expertise in algae growth. Its main present product: natural astaxanthin for human applications. GreenFuel Technlogies, Inc. is a start-up company based in Massachusetts, which has patented technology to capture CO2, grow algae and produce high-energy Joint development product: Deployment of 0.3 biomass. Acre pilot plant in Arizona 8 Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain 7/6/2007

Slide 9: 1977-2007 The Future Partnering for Progress 9 7/6/2007

Slide 10: The Future: Sustainable Development Renewable Energy and Efficiency Water Environment Enabling Technologies: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and others 10 7/6/2007

Slide 11: Israel and Renewable Energy 11 7/6/2007

Slide 12: Annual solar radiation rates in the Negev 2100-2200 kWh/m2/y 2200-2400 kWh/m2/y 7/6/2007

Slide 13: 7/6/2007 Source: Dr. A. Arbib

Slide 14: US-Israel Cooperation in Alternative/Renewable Energy Israeli PM Ehud Olmert, in his speech before the US Congress, on May 24, 2006: “Both our countries share a desire for energy security and prevention of global warming. Therefore, through the United States- Israel Energy Cooperation Act and other joint frameworks, in collaboration with our U.S. counterparts, Israel will increase its efforts to find advanced scientific and technological solutions designed to develop new energy sources and encourage conservation” BIRD is uniquely posed to play a major role in this new area of collaboration 7/6/2007

Slide 15: 1977-2007 Examples of Hydrogen Technologies (which could lead to BIRD projects) Partnering for Progress 15 7/6/2007

Slide 16: Hydrogen Technologies (Examples) Solar Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the Weizmann Institute Hydrogen based, low-cost and high-efficiency electrical energy storage from Tel Aviv University Hydrogen from Algae (possibly derived from an existing BIRD project) 16 7/6/2007

Slide 17: Thank You! www.birdf.com 17

Slide 18: Presentations of Specific Technologies 18

Slide 19: Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the Weizmann Institute J. Karni -19 WIS 7/6/2007

Slide 20: The Weizmann Institute Solar Center • Only such facility on academic campus; 3,600 m2 reflective area; 5 test levels • Power level – 1 kW to 1 MW • Ongoing Projects: High Temperature solar thermal Thermal storage Solar derived fuels J. Karni -20 WIS 20 7/6/2007

Slide 21: Specializes in Solar Concentration Large Scale Imaging and Non-Imaging Optics References: Ries, H., Segal A. and Karni, J. Applied, Vol. 36, No. 13, pp. 2869-2874, 1997. Kribus, A., Zaibel, R., Carey, D., Segal, A., and Karni, J., Solar Energy 62, 121–129, 1998. J. Karni -21 WIS June-07 21 7/6/2007

Slide 22: Reforming of Methane Equilibrium at p=1bar (a) CH4 + H2O → 3H2 + CO ∆H(298K)=206 kJ/mol (b) CH4 + CO2 → 2H2 + 2CO ∆H(298K)=247 kJ/mol • Syn-Gas – a high energy gaseous fuel can also be used to produce H2 or Methanol • Reaction (b) can be reversed, recovering the input solar energy as heat when and where J. Karni -22 WIS required 7/6/2007

Slide 23: Solar Reforming of Methane without a Catalyst J. Karni -23 WIS 7/6/2007

Slide 24: Optical System of the Test System Venetian Blind Secondary parabolic concentrator Sun Solar tower Heliostat Aperture Solar receiver Heliostat (tracking the sun in 2 dimensions) J. Karni -24 WIS 7/6/2007

Slide 25: Particles Seeded Solar Reactors: • Reforming without a metal catalyst • Non-Combustion Air heating to 2000K Test data and a photo taken during experiment with a new solar receiver. Exit gas temperatures of about 2000 K are reached with both nitrogen and air. Similar values were also J. Karni -25 WIS obtained with CO2 7/6/2007

Slide 26: Dry Methane Reforming in Solar Particle Receiver Without Metal Catalyst CO2/CH4 = 1:1 50 Hydrogen 45 CO Methane 40 Carbon dioxide mol % in exhaust (excluding Argon) Steam 35 30 Over 90% 25 yield is 20 obtained at 15 T > 1350°C 10 5 0 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Gas exit temperature (¡C) Mol fractions in the dried exhaust gas after the neutral gas (Argon) has been discounted. J. Karni -26 WIS 7/6/2007

Slide 27: Low-cost high-efficiency electrical energy storage for renewable energy Prof. E. Peled EnStorage Corp. and School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University 7/6/2007 27

Slide 28: The Hydrogen Tribromide (HTB) Energy Storage System (ESS) • It is based on a novel, unique, high performance and low cost membrane (NP-PCM) • This NP-PCM was developed at Tel Aviv University (TAU) in Israel and it is protected by patents. 7/6/2007 28

Slide 29: Commercialization of large electric energy storage systems (ESS) based on electrochemical cells The Problem: • Today all electric power storage systems are too expensive for load buffer, load leveling and for large solar and wind generators (in the multi MW range). • The major problem is the cost of the chemicals used for the electric energy storage. The Solution: 7/6/2007 29

Slide 30: Goals • The immediate goals are to develop and characterize a 0.15 kW (0.45 kW peak) laboratory demonstrator of an advanced, low cost electric energy storage system (ESS) based on novel fuel- cell technology • Long-term goals are to scale it up to multi MW systems, for load buffer (a fast response system), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage. • It will consist of an array of 50 kW regenerative fuel cell (RFC) stacks 7/6/2007 30

Slide 31: A Fuel Cell Stack 7/6/2007 31

Slide 32: EnStorage ESS system Hydrogen Power Generation 50kW to 1GW Proprietary Membrane: 3x higher power density 3x lower cost/kW Electric Regenerative Fuel Cell Power Regenerative Fuel Cell (FC & Electrolizer) Energy Storage 200kWh to 4GWh Aqueous Hydrogen aqueous hydrogen Bromine Bromide / Tribromide tribromide solution lower cost chemicals solution 3x lower cost/kWh 7/6/2007 32

Slide 33: Experimental Cell Stack Five 50 cm2 cells stack gives 50 W (150 W peak) 7/6/2007 33

Slide 34: Scaling Up Production (at IPRC) of NP-PCM - Continuous Coater (15m2/h) 33cm wide 2G NP-PCM (Enough for a 50kW stack) 7/6/2007 34

Slide 35: HTB Source: Energy Storage Association 7/6/2007 35

Slide 36: Multi-MW system • An array of several 1MW / 6MWh subsystems • Each subsystem consists of: – Power generation: 20 stacks, 50 kW each. – Energy storage: • 150m3 electrolyte tank • 20m3 Hydrogen tanks – Footprint of about 100 m2. 7/6/2007 36

Slide 37: Summary • The EnStorage hydrogen tribromide ESS is based on a low cost high performance membrane (NP-PCM) and on low cost energy storage chemicals. • It is expected to be three time lower cost in comparison with other ESSs (it terms of $/kW and $/kWh). • Thus it will be an enabling technology (when fully developed) for load buffer (fast response), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage . 7/6/2007 37

Slide 38: Hydrogen from Algae 7/6/2007 38

Slide 39: CARBON RECYCLING Photosynthesis - nature’s process for carbon management. Algae is nature’s champion. Algae is a single cell plant made up of lipids, starch and proteins. Algae can use low quality water and non- arable land; does not compete with resources There are more than needed for food production 17,000 species of algae. 7/6/2007 39

Slide 40: ™ Emissions-to-Biofuels Technology CO2 Emissions Patented Algal Fuel Based On Biotechnology Algae Fuel production based on algae feed with captured CO2 from the emissions of fossil fuel combustion 7/6/2007 40

Slide 41: APS RED HAWK GEN 3 Reactor August 2005 to November 2006 Algae selected and adapted to Arizona environment using GreenFuel’s technology. Growth rates at Red Hawk were the highest ever recorded for flue gas feed systems. GEN3 – BioSolar Reactor 7/6/2007 41

Slide 42: GEN 3 RESULTS AT RED HAWK • GreenFuel GEN3 Algae BioSolar Reactors and System • 57 grams/m2-day - ash free (2X best prior record) • Extrapolated 150 tons/acre-year CO2 absorption • Algae biofuel characterization (dry): Carbon 36.97% Biodiesel 6,000 Volatile 53.53% gallons/acre-year Matter Ethanol 5,000 Ash 9.5% gallons/acre-year Caloric 9,970 Value btu/lb 7/6/2007 42

Slide 43: Carbon Capture Rates 400 Tons CO2 removed / year / acre 350 Arizona (Zone A) 300 250 New England 200 (Zone C) 150 100 50 - Forest GreenFuel sequestration mitigation 7/6/2007 43

Slide 44: APS Algae Farm GEN 5 GreenFuel GEN 5 System Projected Improved productivity per acre over GEN3 with lower cost and energy consumption per acre. Performance testing now. 7/6/2007 44

Slide 45: GreenFuel Pilot at APS Redhawk 7/6/2007 45

Slide 46: Hydrogen From Algae • Algae gasification to produce H2 is based on existing technologies • Carbon rich co-product – flexible feedstock • Impurities and contamination minimized • Comparable in cost with steam methane reforming of CH4 7/6/2007 46