Feed Management and Records for Niche Markets - Dr. Matt Swantek & David Stender, both Iowa State University Extension Swine Specialists, from the 2013 Iowa Pork Congress, January 23-24, Des Moines, IA, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-iowa-pork-congress

1. Berkshire Study
Western Research Farm
collaborators
J.Mabry, M.Honeyman, W.Roush, D. Stender, M.Swantek
sponsored by the Iowa Pork Producers Association
Iowa Pork Congress
Niche Pork Production
January 24, 2013
Des Moines, Iowa

2. Berkshire Preliminary Study
Western Research Farm
• 3 Mini Hoops – 6 pens with 6 pigs/pen
• Split sex – 18 gilts; 18 barrows
• 3 weight blocks (25, 31, 41 avg)
• 2 trials (seasons) - Nov 17, 2011, May 10, 2012
• Avg end weight approximate 270 lb
• 6 diets – 45, 90, 135, 180, 225
• Weigh 21 days
• Backfat and LEA 21 days group avg of 90 lb
• ADG, ADFI, FG, Backfat, LEA, %Lean, Intake and
Gain curves
• SIG International, Boyden IA
• Heritage Pork, Sioux City IA

8. Growth Performance
Segment Initial wt Final wt Days ADFI ADG F:G
Trial 1 56 271 115 6.51 1.88 3.46
Trial 2 53 268 112 5.92 1.94 3.05
Gilts 53 265 119 5.70 1.78 3.20
Barrows 55 275 108 6.73 2.04 3.31
All pigs 54 270 113 6.21 1.91 3.26

9. Ultrasonic Scans
2
Body weight Backfat, in Loin Eye Area, in
1st 1st
Segment 1st Scan Final Final Final %Lean
Scan Scan
Trial 1 88 271 0.41 1.19 2.45 6.23 46.42
Trial 2 90 268 0.37 0.97 2.64 6.52 49.02
Gilts 86 265 0.34 0.90 2.52 6.56 49.84
Barrows 92 275 0.43 1.26 2.57 6.19 45.60
Overall 89 270 0.39 1.08 2.54 6.38 47.72

10. Next step
Modeling performance

11. Figure 1. Berkshire Avg Daily Feed Intake
Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
pounds per day
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Body weight, lb

12. Figure 2. Berkshire Avg Daily Gain
Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts
2.20
2.10
2.00
1.90
1.80
pound per day
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Body weight, lb

13. Figure 3. Berkshire Backfat depositon
Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts
1.80
1.60
1.40
backfat depth, inches
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Body weight, lb

14. Figure 3. Berkshire Loin eye area - Ultrasonic measurement
Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts
8.00
7.00
6.00
Loin eye area, in2
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Body weight, lb

15. Figure 5. Berkshire Lean depositon - adj 75% yield Carcass basis
Trial 1 Barrows Trial 1 Gilts Trial 2 Barrows Trial 2 Gilts
60%
55%
percent lean
50%
45%
40%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Body weight, lb

16. Summary
• Weight gains and intake curves are similar but differ between
genders and trial (season)
• Backfat deposition rates differ between genders
• Loin eye area curves are uniform for the first 100 gain then deviate
between barrows and gilts
• Backfat deposition rates differ between genders and trials
• Percent lean differ between genders and trials
• Changes in backfat develop earlier than I expected
• Adjusting pen average weight, feed intakes were similar between
barrows and gilts
• Pen intakes accounted for 76% of the variation in body weight, but
on 28% of ADG.

17. Validation of results
• Additional replications
• Testing model equations
• Adjust nutrition for performance and economics
• Producer database
– Across the state
– Genetic
• Better recommendations

18. How did we get here
the process

19. Backfat
2.20
2.10
2.00
1.90 R² = 0.67
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
Body Weight

20. Backfat by -Gender
Backfat Barrows
Backfat - Gilts
2.20
2.10
2.00
1.90 y = 0.0029x + 0.0959
1.80 R² = 0.7248
y = 0.0052x - 0.0010
1.70 R² = 0.8718
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
Barrow
1.10
1.00 s
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40 Gilts
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
Body Weight

21. Commerical Lysine Feeding Benchmark
2.2% 22
2.0% 20
1.8% 18
1.6% 16
Dietary % Lysine
1.4% 14
Lysine Intake, g/d
1.2% 12
1.0% 10
0.8% 8
0.6% 6
0.4% 4
0.2% 2
0.0% 0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Body Weight
Swantek

22. Model's ADFI and ADG Curves
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
ADFI
4.0
3.5 ADG
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Swantek

23. Model's Average Daily Intake Curve, lb/d
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0 Projected Intake
2.5 Site 1
2.0
Site 2
1.5
1.0 Site 3
0.5
0.0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Body weight, lb
Swantek

24. Feed Intake Finisher Daily Gain
6.80 2.25
6.60 2.20
6.40 2.15
6.20 2.10
6.00 2.05
5.80 2.00
5.60 1.95
5.40 1.90
5.20 1.85
5.00 1.80
4.80 1.75
4.60 1.70
4.40 ADFI ADG 1.65
4.20 1.60
4.00 1.55
3.80 1.50
3.60 1.45
3.40 1.40
3.20 1.35
3.00 1.30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Group
Swantek

25. Iowa Pork Producers Association
Thank you

26. Feed Management and
Records for Niche
Producers
Dave Stender
ISU Swine Field Specialist
dstender@iastate.edu
Mobile: (712)261-0225

27. Measure where you are
• Need to know if you have the large factors
covered
• Need to assess the value of smaller
factors
• Feed intake curve ---budgets
• Lean gain calculation

28. Gilts Barrows
60 2.9 2.9
80 3.4 3.4 Intake Curve
100 3.8 3.9
120 4.1 4.4
140 4.5 4.8
160 4.8 5.2
180 5 5.5
200 5.3 5.7
220 5.5 6
240 5.6 6.1
260 5.8 6.3 Swantek, 2012

29. Feed records for an intake
curve individualized for your
pig’s performance
Date and Pounds of feed Number of
ration name pigs on feed
April 6 -- G1 2000 100
April 18 - G2 2000 97
May 2 - F1 2000 95
Continued for all feed
NOTE: Also need to have start date and ending date of sale or transfer
including the number of head and weight

30. We are willing to give you
a spreadsheet or an input
sheet and help you
determine your intake
curve
• Check out www.ipic.iastate.edu
for a downloadable spreadsheet or input
form(s) to print out

31. Records
• Weight in and date
• Sell weights and dates
• Death loss
• Weight and date of feed deliveries
• Simple spreadsheet
• Group tracker

32. Producer: Mich Hogsten Location: West Barn Group: Group ID 060810
City, State Ames, IA Genetics: Home grown Contact Person: Dave Stender
Production Phase Finisher
Date Started: 1/5/13 Date Out 4/28/13 Animals that Died
Number of Pigs In: 150 Number of Pigs Out 148 Number of pigs died 2
Total Weight: 7,245 Total Weight 37,942 Avg days on feed 40
Avg Weight: 48.30 Avg Weight 256.36 Avg weight
Feed data Product Used: Total lbs Total $ Product Used: Total lbs Total $
1 1L 16,000 $ 1,446.03 8 $ -
2 2L 12,000 $ 1,021.35 9 $ -
3 3L 12,000 $ 1,000.29 10 $ -
4 4L 20,000 $ 1,608.06 11 $ -
5 5L 27,001 $ 2,103.58 12 $ -
6 13 $ -
7 14 $ -
Total Feed $ 7,179.31 87,001 lb
GMD Charges $ - Production Summary
43.50 tons Days Barn Used 114
$ - $/ton Animal Days 16,908
Avg In Wt 48.3
Other Costs Total Dollars Avg Out Wt 256.4
Revenue $ 23,057.04 Avg Days on Feed 112.7
Pig Purchase $ 9,111.00 Total Gain 30,697
Bales $ - ADG 1.82
Mrkt'g/NPB $ - ADFI 5.15
post pig $ 20.00 Feed Eff 2.83
run cultures $ 15.00 Death Loss 1.3%
feed grade penecillin $ 79.20 Report Date 01/22/13 Feed Cost per Cwt/gain $ 23.39
injectable "Excede" $ 45.10 Feed Cost per Head Out $ 48.51
dexasone $ 14.00 To add to your database Total Cost $ 16,513.85
Aureomycin 100 $ 50.24 Email Closeout to Avg cost per Head Out $ 111.58
Tylan 40 $ 330.27 mswantek@iastate.edu Return/Pig sold $ 44.21
Return $ 6,543.19

33. Feed Manufactoring &/or Delivery Start Date # of pigs Start Wt
Producer: ___________________ Site: ______________ / /
Bldg/Rm: ___________ Group: ___________ / /
Date Phase Diet ID Antibiotic Tons Date Phase Diet ID Antibiotic Tons

34. First Step is to Verify Data Integrity
Finisher 50 - 280 Cumulative Avg Daily Feed Intake
5.25
5.00
4.75
4.50
4.25
4.00
3.75
3.50
Cum Feed Intake
3.25
3.00
2.75
2.50
2.25
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154
Days on Feed
Matt Swantek, 2012

35. Once the data is verified,
how do you know if you
match the standard curve?
• Research work at the ISU research
farm
• Other research data
• A large data base of on-farm records in
our possession

36. Nursery
Feed Intake Daily Gain
2.40 1.60
ADFI ADG
2.20 1.50
2.00 1.40
1.80 1.30
1.60 1.20
1.40 1.10
1.20 1.00
1.00 0.90
0.80 0.80
0.60 0.70
0.40 0.60
0.20 0.50
0.00 0.40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Group
Swantek

37. Avg Daily Gain
Nursery
1.30
1.20
y = 0.40x + 0.24
1.10 R² = 0.81
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40
Avg Daily Intake
Swantek

38. Does your curve match the
standard curve?
• Yes, then we can use the curve for 2
key management strategies.
– Proper nutrient level (lysine) based on
amount of feed eaten
– Predict the sell date with amazing accuracy

39. Does your curve match the
standard curve?
• No, then we use as a diagnostic:
– Feed wastage
– Health, can find undetectable problems
– Deficiencies in nutrition program
– Worm load
– Thermo-neutral issues
– Genetics under performance
– Other management practices

40. Important Swine Performance
Monitor Idea – Dr. Matt Swantek
Days
Out feed budget lb
In Wt Ration ID Days Tons Fed by on
Wt / pig
Feed
40 80 FIN 1 80.8 32 40 9/25/10 Sat 32
80 120 FIN 2 96.5 25 48 10/20/10 Wed 57
120 160 FIN 3 100.3 21 50 11/10/10 Wed 77
160 200 FIN 4 103.5 19 52 11/29/10 Mon 96
200 240 FIN 5 114.5 19 57 12/18/10 Sat 115
240 280 FIN 6 138.0 22 69 1/9/11 Sun 137

41. Questions?
• Contact information –
– Dave Stender, Swine Field Specialist
• Location: Cherokee County Extension Office
• Phone: Mobile – 712 261 0225
– Office – 712 225 6196
– FAX – 712 225 3173
– Email – dstender@iastate.edu