A history of computer-facilitated networked sociality (part2) For a History of The Social Web http://tinyurl.com/2c6vc2 ...

1. How the Social Web Came to Be
part 2
Trebor Scholz
Department of Media Study
trebor@thing.net
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0
1

2. Is the history of the Social Web, the
history of mainstream culture?
Which role did sub- and countercultures
play?
2

3. Vienna RSS Reader
The first version of RSS was created by Netscape in 1999.
RSS is based on XML. It is a format for syndicating content.
http://tinyurl.com/2ghwxb
3

4. http://tinyurl.com/23t8pr
(The site started in 1999 but it was first time archived http://www.rtmark.com/
on Waybackmachine on May 23, 2003.)
“RTMark is itself a registered corporation which brings together
activists who plan projects with donors who fund them. It thus
operates outside the laws governing human individuals, and
benefits from the much looser laws governing corporations.”
http://tinyurl.com/youtse
4

5. Playahead is a large Internet community mainly aimed at
Swedish teenagers. The site was founded in Helsingborg in
1998 and claims to have 1 million members, making an
average of around 10 million logins per month.
5

6. The network was acquired by Hearst Media on December
31, 2006. The original eCRUSH site was launched in
1999 pre-dating the social networking sites like Friendster,
MySpace and Facebook. eCRUSH is the 10th largest dating
site in the US.
http://tinyurl.com/22lprh
http://tinyurl.com/2yt8oe
6

7. 2000
7

8. 1990s dotcom awe
too much
too fast: “dotbomb”
http://tinyurl.com/26ppkw
http://tinyurl.com/yrkjya
http://tinyurl.com/38zy97
8

9. The Californian Ideology
http://tinyurl.com/232ze7
9

10. 5,900,000 (07)
British teens and 20-somethings, 16 years and older
Although serving users internationally, Faceparty markets mainly
in the UK and has run many major events since its launch in 2000
(mostly in London).
http://tinyurl.com/32f8vj
10

11. Sept 5, 2007
Jun 11, 2000
2,600,000 users (07), American Latinos
4000 on the site at any given time
http://tinyurl.com/3cvjgt
http://tinyurl.com/7yerg
11

12. 2001
12

13. September 11, 2001
13

14. http://www.flong.com/telesymphony/
14

15. Bram Cohen (born 1975), SUNY at Buffalo
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing
(P2P) communications protocol, first
implementation on 2 July 2001.
BitTorrent has 135 million installs and accounts 55% of all
Internet traffic (07, Bram Cohen)
http://tinyurl.com/292zfg
http://tinyurl.com/yp6egx
15

16. 2000
15,000,000 users (07)
http://tinyurl.com/2mbjtr
16

17. 2000/2001: Former editor-in-chief of Nupedia and
Citizendium founder Larry Sanger (born 1968) and the
American Internet entrepreneur Jimmy Wales (born 1966)
create Wikipedia.
http://tinyurl.com/3y2uz8
http://tinyurl.com/2jcrmc
17

18. 2002
18

19. 2002
2007
What went wrong with Friendster?
http://tinyurl.com/249uls
19

20. Jan 22, 2002
2002. 28,000,000 users (07)
Users, locating friends and family, keeping in touch
“Reunion.com members use real names, not screen names.
Member privacy is protected through a blind relay e-mail system,
so e-mail addresses and contact information are never revealed
unless self-disclosed by members one-on-one.”
http://tinyurl.com/2uets7
http://tinyurl.com/2knv5t
http://tinyurl.com/ybjr86
20

21. Folksonomy
(also known as collaborative tagging , social classification, social indexing,
social tagging, and other names) is the practice and method of
collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize
folksonomy
Content. In contrast to traditional subject indexing metadata is not only
generated by experts but also by creators and consumers of the content.
Usually freely chosen keywords are used instead of a controlled vocabulary.
http://tinyurl.com/d6kby
21

22. July 2007
October 2002
2002. 15,000,000 users (07), Last.fm
Exploring/Sharing Music Tracks/Files
“We have a pretty simple privacy policy. We are reasonably sure this won't piss
anyone off. We won't pass your email address on to anyone, not even Lars
Ulrich at gunpoint.” “Your pseudonymous listening habit data will be available
to other Last.fm users for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons
license.” ... “We reserve the right to sell or license pseudonymous listening data
for commercial use ...”
http://tinyurl.com/32s96u
http://tinyurl.com/349mtb
22

23. 2000
2002. Meetup 2,000,000 users (07)
2003: prominence through Howard Dean
2005: requires organizers to pay for local groups
leading to a drastic drop in local groups
23

24. quot;The primary inspiration was the book Bowling Alone...”
Heiferman said (co-founder of Meetup). quot;We are
providing a service that revitalizes the Internet for local
communities.quot;
http://tinyurl.com/275bot
http://tinyurl.com/yqwdrb
24

25. Feb 05, 2005 July 20, 2007
2002, US-based, 10, 000,000 users (07)
Mainly South America (Chile, Argentina, Brazil)
2005: “It is Fotolog's policy to respect the privacy of Members. Therefore, Fotolog
will not disclose to any third party Member's name or contact information. Fotolog
will also not monitor, edit, or disclose the contents of a Member's information ...”
2007: “All content posted by a member is the property of the member that posted
such content.”
http://tinyurl.com/2ud2m9
http://tinyurl.com/3b5khm
http://tinyurl.com/2oj4o5
25

26. 26

27. Clay Shirky's Social Software Summit
November 2002 popularized the term “social software”
http://tinyurl.com/yt4k9v
http://tinyurl.com/37hrzm
27

28. The American economist
and urban studies theorist Richard Florida
published the controversial The Rise of the Creative Class.
28

29. “I noticed one member of the group sitting slouched over on the grass,
dressed in a tank top. This young man had spiked multi-colored hair,
full-body tattoos, and multiple piercings in his ears. An obvious slacker,
I thought, probably in a band. quot;So what is your story?quot; I asked. quot;Hey
man, I just signed on with these guys.quot; ...
This young man and his lifestyle proclivities represent a profound
new force in the economy and life of America. He is a member of
what I call the creative class: a fast-growing, highly educated, and
well-paid segment of the workforce on whose efforts corporate
profits and economic growth increasingly depend. Members of the
creative class do a wide variety of work in a wide variety of
industries--from technology to entertainment, journalism to finance,
high-end manufacturing to the arts. They do not consciously think of
themselves as a class. Yet they share a common ethos that values
creativity, individuality, difference, and merit.”
-- Richard Florida in The Rise of the Creative Class
http://tinyurl.com/27rqbl
29

30. The Precariat
Frassanito Network (2002)
“Precarious work refers to all possible shapes of unsure, not
guaranteed, flexible exploitation: from illegalized, seasonal
and temporary employment to homework, flex- and temp-
work to subcontractors, freelancers or so called self employed
persons.”
http://thistuesday.org/node/93
30

31. http://tinyurl.com/2smoa8
31

32. 32

33. 2003
33

34. It was significant that in a well-organized effort, 8-30 million
people in 800 ci t ies worldwide simul t aneously showed t heir
defiance of the war in Iraq on February 15, 2003. The Internet
served as organizational tool. March 19 - The first American
bombs drop on Baghdad, Iraq. March 20- the invasion starts.
http://tinyurl.com/322lyy
34

35. Salam Pax
Anonymous Iraqi Blogger
gains international visibility
with posts about the war
March 2003
35

36. Podcasting
Podcasters' web sites can be syndicated, subscribed
to, and downloaded automatically, using an
aggregator or feed reader capable of reading feed
formats such as RSS or Atom.
http://tinyurl.com/3dbcqt
36

37. 2003. Kazaa founders Swedish Niklas Zennström (b. 1966) and the
Danish Janus Friis (b. 1976) released the peer-to-peer Internet
telephony network Skype.
37

38. photo credit as quot;Scott Beale / Laughing Squidquot;
Joshua Schachter
2003 , Social Bookmarking
Sept 10, 2007
acquired by Yahoo in 2005
3 million users, 10 million bookmarks (07)
38

39. Aug 06, 2003 Sept. 10 2007
http://tinyurl.com/393brp http://tinyurl.com/25nvz
Sept. 2003. GreatestJournal operates on LiveJournal's
open source server software (mainly Pearl)
1,871,618 users (07)
39

40. June 2003 Google starts AdSense
40

41. 2000
200,000,000 users (07)
most culturally influential
social networking platform
in the history of the Internet
to date
http://tinyurl.com/2mbjtr
41

42. “MySpace was actually created by executives whose
backgrounds are anchored in spam and mass
marketing, and who are tied to investment scandals.
Almost alternateen good looks, Tom Anderson has
served as an exceptionally convincing distraction.”
source: http://tinyurl.com/nvsvm
42

43. Also essential to the creation of MySpace is current
CEO Chris DeWolfe, who from October 1999
through March 2001 acted as the VP of Sales and
Marketing at Xdrive Technologies. As a source close
to DeWolfe at Xdrive put it,
quot;DeWolfe learned that people will sign
up for almost anything that they find
useful, and they could care less about
the fine print.quot;
Marketing Tom Anderson as founder and alternateen:
quot;I am as anti-social as they come, and I've already got 20
people to sign up.quot;
http://tinyurl.com/37f79l
http://tinyurl.com/34ny9m
http://tinyurl.com/nvsvm
43

44. On June 15th, 2006 Myspace states
in their Terms and Conditions
that the company has quot;a non-
exclusive, fully-paid and royalty-
free, worldwide license
.... to use, copy, modify, adapt, translate, publicly perform,
publicly display, store, reproduce, transmit, and distributequot;
all content uploaded to their site.”
44

45. first archived: Jun 04, 2006
13,000,000 users (07)
“As of October 2006, there is no automated way to remove
yourself from LinkedIn. The official method is to file a
customer support ticket.” http://tinyurl.com/yey25h
http://tinyurl.com/2j43c6
http://tinyurl.com/2uqbct
45

46. Jul 18, 2006
Sept 5, 2007
2003, Germany, re-named in 2006, European Business networking
mainly used in Europe and far East, competitor to LinkedIn
http://tinyurl.com/2rd6ak
http://tinyurl.com/2uvqun
http://tinyurl.com/2l7s8c
46

47. The Strength of Weak Ties
In 1973 Granovetter argued that within a social
network, weak ties are more powerful than strong
ties. He showed that most people got jobs because
of their weak ties instead of their strong ones.
LinkedIn and Xing are build on this idea.
47

48. Continuous Partial
Friendship
(David Weinberger)
Ambient Intimacy
(Leisa Reichelt)
http://tinyurl.com/28x4s4
48

49. PeanutButterWiki (PbWiki), a free ad-supported wiki was founded
by three graduates of Stanford University: David Weekly, Ramit
Sethi, and Nathan Schmidt in 2003. PbWiki's slogan is
quot;Make a free wiki as easily as a peanut butter sandwich!quot;
49

50. 2004
50

51. 2004
Weblog is Word of the Year
(Webster)
• Weblog si Word of the Year
51

52. May 2004
Sept 2007
2004, Ecological concern and social activism, 7,744,297 users
“Care2 does not claim ownership of Content you submit
or make available for inclusion on the Service ... “
http://tinyurl.com/29yhyg
52

53. • Weblog si Word of the Year
Albert-László Barabási published Linked: How Everything Is
Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for
Business, Science, and Everyday Life.
53

54. 2004
150,000 users in 2007 (invite-only)
http://tinyurl.com/k2jhx
54

55. “A 2004 glitch in Amazon.ca's review system revealed that
many well-established authors were anonymously giving
themselves glowing reviews, with some revealed to be
anonymously giving ‘rival’ authors terrible reviews. The
glitch in the system was fixed and those reviews have since
been removed or made anonymous.”
55

56. quot;[U]sing a wireless internet enabled bicycle outfitted with a
custom-designed printing device, the bikes against bush
bicycle can print text messages sent from web users directly
onto the streets of manhattan in water-soluble chalk.quot;
Joshua Kinberg, 2004
http://tinyurl.com/33pqs9
56

57. December 09, 2004
http://tinyurl.com/38pbt2
September 10, 2007
57

58. Some feel that users have too much control over content,
allowing sensationalism and misinformation to thrive,
blowing unsupported claims out of proportion while quickly
exposing very many people to these opinion pieces.
It has been reported that the top 100 Digg users control 56% of
Digg's front page content and that a niche group of just twenty
individuals had submitted 25% of the front page content.
Digg.com co-founder Kevin Rose
http://tinyurl.com/ynla34
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz
http://tinyurl.com/37vx5w
http://tinyurl.com/39g279
http://tinyurl.com/2u3zts
58

59. “Digital Boston Tea Party”
On May 1, 2007 an article appeared on Digg’s
homepage that contained the encryption key
for the AACS digital rights management
protection of HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
Digg, removed the submissions and banned contributors. The removals were seen
by many users as a capitulation to corporate interests and an assault on free
speech. The Digg community staged a wide-spread revolt. One of the Digg users
referred to it as a quot;Digital Boston Tea Party.quot; Digg’s response:
“[A]fter seeing hundreds of stories and reading thousands of comments, you’ve made it clear.
You’d rather see Digg go down fighting than bow down to a bigger company. We hear you,
and effective immediately we won’t delete stories or comments containing the code and will
deal with whatever the consequences might be.”
—Kevin Rose
http://tinyurl.com/2cg9hm http://tinyurl.com/37vx5w
http://tinyurl.com/39g279
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz
http://tinyurl.com/2u3zts
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz
http://tinyurl.com/2v9ppz http://tinyurl.com/2rszvk
59

60. In 2004 the peer-to-peer file sharing
client LimeWire was released.
It is still possible to
download LimeWire and share
copyrighted files peer-to-peer.
http://tinyurl.com/3y5o5o
60

61. 2004
Archived: Apr 29, 2004
Flickr. Canada. 2004
It has a repository that is quickly approaching 1 billion images (08/2007).
domain first switched on 2007, Flickr announced that the quot;Old Skoolquot; members, those that
In January
Aug 06, 2005
pre-date the Yahoo acquisition in 2005, will be required to associate their
account with a Yahoo ID. This move was criticized.
(http://tinyurl.com/2uh8to)
61

62. 10,000,000 users (07), invite-only
1 million communities as of July 2007
largest social networking site in Japan
http://tinyurl.com/yayp6t
62

63. 2004
The Network's stated mission is to quot;enable individual
self-empowerment on a global scalequot; and employ
quot;business as a tool for social good.quot; Pierre Omidyar (b. 1967)
http://tinyurl.com/qmech
http://tinyurl.com/qmech
63

64. Mar 22, 2004
2004. Owned by Google. Popular in Brazil, India, Greenland.
67,962,551 users (07). Open (Google login)
http://tinyurl.com/29pcm8
http://tinyurl.com/2l2qbg
64

65. Mar 31, 2004
2004, Canada. Photo sharing, teens 10,000,000 users (07)
Piczo was the fastest-growing online brand in the UK in 2006 with girls
under 18 accounting for almost half its audience.
http://tinyurl.com/3akk8h
http://tinyurl.com/2zgpf2
http://tinyurl.com/k2jhx
65

66. Sept 5, 2007 Jan 23, 2004
MEMBERS CONSENT TO RECEIVE COMMERCIAL E-MAIL MESSAGES FROM TAGGED, AND
ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT THEIR EMAIL ADDRESSES AND OTHER PERSONAL
INFORMATION MAY BE USED BY TAGGED FOR THE PURPOSE OF INITIATING COMMERCIAL E-
MAIL MESSAGES.
very invasive, questionable ethics
http://tinyurl.com/3c4fby
http://tinyurl.com/3yt5v9
http://tinyurl.com/2odjrp
66

67. 2005
67

68. Tim O’Reilly -- quot;What Is Web 2.0?quot;
The power of naming
Photo: James Duncan Davidson
http://tinyurl.com/2vw6cb
68

69. http://tinyurl.com/2569dr
69

70. The Social Web and Law Enforcement
In March 2005, the United States Secret Service met
with a University of Oklahoma freshman after he
posted to the Facebook:
“We could all donate a dollar and raise millions of
dollars to hire an assassin to kill the president and
replace him with a monkey.”
On December 14th, 2005 MIT students used data
from an automated script that allowed them to
download over 70,000 Facebook profiles.
70

71. Facebook privacy agreement (07) states:
quot;We may share your information with third parties,
including responsible companies with which we
have a relationship.quot;
71

72. Jan 22, 2005 http://tinyurl.com/yukk25
1995, UK. 34,000,000 users (07), media sharing and social networking
2005:
“Bebo does not claim any ownership rights in any Materials that you submit, post, or
display on or through the Bebo Services or on the Bebo.com Web site.”
2007:
“By submitting, posting or displaying any Materials on or through the Bebo
Service, you automatically grant to Bebo a worldwide, non-exclusive, ... right to
copy, distribute, create derivative works of, publicly perform and display such
Materials.“
http://tinyurl.com/34rax2
http://tinyurl.com/2k8583
http://tinyurl.com/2mbjtr
72

73. Archival screenshot, Mar 16, 2005
4,700,000 users (07)
Open to people 18 and older, (Yahoo! login)
“Yahoo! does not claim ownership of Content you
submit or make available for inclusion on the Service.”
http://tinyurl.com/k2jhx
http://tinyurl.com/3c5o5t
http://tinyurl.com/38j6fr
73

74. 74

75. 2004
Dreams and Goals; Tagging
1,007,433 users (07)
http://tinyurl.com/2nczov
75

76. Launched March 2005. The site has an audience which is 96%
UK derived. The typical demographic profile is 16-22 year olds
with a 60% lean towards females. 250,000 members (06)
http://tinyurl.com/y9rfg4
76

77. 2005. 1,000,000 registered contributors (07)
http://mosh.nokia.com/restricted
http://tinyurl.com/ysorp5
77

78. May 27, 2005 Sept 10, 2007
http://tinyurl.com/yuoebu
2005. Video sharing site. An average of 9000 video uploads a day
(Nov 2006). Video limit 20 mins, 150 MB.
78

79. September 10, 2007
June 03, 2005
http://tinyurl.com/2wkls7
Meetro is an application that overlays the physical world on top of
the online world. It combines SMS features, social networking and
links it to location. http://mosh.nokia.com/restricted
79

80. 2006
80

81. Everybody and their mom has a profile up on MySpace
81

82. Deleting Online Predator Act legislation
The Deleting Online Predators Act of 2006 (DOPA) is a bill, which was
brought before the United States House of Representatives on May 9,
2006. The bill, if enacted, will require schools and libraries that receive E-
rate funding to prohibit access to social networking websites.
The bill would thereby limit access to a wide range of educational
material on these websites (especially for minority and rural youth).
http://tinyurl.com/yb2vj8
82

83. Yahoo! Messenger
22 million users by December 2006
http://tinyurl.com/2rhdh2
AIM December 2006
100 million “total users”
http://tinyurl.com/35xue
between 40 and 50 million,
Jan 2007
http://tinyurl.com/2m5hyv
http://tinyurl.com/3ey5ym
http://tinyurl.com/2wnrec
http://tinyurl.com/2phpy8
83

84. Fandom
Cingular Wireless announced today it has shattered its own record
for wireless text messaging during the fifth season of quot;American
Idolquot; (2006) -- 64.5 million text messages throughout the show's
season.
http://tinyurl.com/2m4luf
http://tinyurl.com/35omx8
http://tinyurl.com/2umdo3
84

85. Micro-blogging
is a form of blogging that allows users to write brief text
updates (usually less than 200 characters) and publish them,
either to be viewed by anyone or by a restricted group
which can be chosen by the user. These messages can be
submitted by a variety of means, including text messaging,
and the web.
France/
Finland
Germany
status updates on FB
http://tinyurl.com/2yhpa3
85

86. 2004
Twitter is a free social networking and micro-blogging service
that allows users to send quot;updatesquot; (text-based posts, up to 140
characters long) via SMS, instant messaging, email, to the Twitter
website, or an application such as Twitterrific. Twitter was
founded in March 2006 by San Francisco start-up company
Obvious Corp. (Ruby on Rails.)
86

87. as tool for human rights advocacy
http://ethanzuckerman.com/blog/?p=1430
87

88. In 2006 Jay Rosen posted
quot;PressThink: The People Formerly Known as the Audiencequot;
http://tinyurl.com/2t67v3
88

89. 89

90. (media sharing, video)
(The MySpace for Christians)
(Latino social networking site)
(referral and social networking around music)
(free social networking, cars)
(social networking, online education, e-commerce)
(online identity)
(social networking for professional women, feminist)
(Christian social networking site)
(social networking for soccer players)
(referral site about travel)
(social networking, media sharing, family-focused)
(sharing of all kinds of lists with friends) (blogging, media sharing)
(mobile social networking)
2006
90

91. (social networking site of the National Hockey League)
(social networking for pet aficionados)
(social search)
(social networking and referral grouped around fashion)
(social networking site about mental health and wellness)
(feminist social networking site celebrating friendships among women)
(social networking focused on weddings)
(social networking and referral for the entire family)
2006 (activist, youth social networking)
91

92. Netporn
Bulletin Board Systems
such as Rusty n Edie's
charged users for access,
leading to the first
commercial networked
pornography since
BBSes were not accessed
via the Internet.
While pornography had seen limited distribution over the
Internet in the 1980s, it was not until the Internet became more
accessible to the general public throughout the 90s that netporn
became widely distributed.
http://tinyurl.com/ywqk3c
92

93. 89% of porn is created in the U.S.
$2.84 billion in revenue was generated
from U.S. porn sites in 2006
25% of all search engine requests are
pornographic
$89/second is spent on porn
72% of porn viewers are men (2 8% are women)
260 new porn sites go online daily
“Sex” is the most-frequently searched term on the Internet
70% of all porn traffic occurs during the 9-5 workday
There are about 372 million porn web pages.
http://tinyurl.com/2qr6fz http://tinyurl.com/2z6fe5
http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/05/12/internet-pornography-stats/
93

94. 2006 (Finland). Jaiku.com is a social networking and
micro-blogging service similar to Twitter.
http://tinyurl.com/2lw7yf
http://tinyurl.com/35zay9
94

95. 2006. Singapore-based internet radio and music community
website. Over 1 million users (07)
http://tinyurl.com/2xajxf
95

96. 2004
domain first switched on
Aug 06, 2005
Facebook is a social networking website which was launched on
February 4, 2004. Started for colleges, then high schools, and now
everyone. 34,000,000 users (07)
quot;We may use information about you that we collect from other
sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet
sources such as blogs, instant messaging services and other users
of Facebook, to supplement your profile.quot;
http://tinyurl.com/22myzy
96

97. “User Revolts” ?
97

98. In September Facebook launched a
quot;news feedquot; feature causing protest and
responses by 741,000 users who joined the
Students Against Facebook News Feed group.
http://tinyurl.com/22h7cm
98

99. http://daywithoutfacebook.blogspot.com/
99

100. http://www.petitiononline.com/faceb00k/petition.html
100

101. http://tinyurl.com/etj7m
741.000 members of FB group in September 2006
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2208288769
101

102. flow
ion
mat
nfor
of i
e
eas
741.000 members of FB group in September 2006
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2208288769
102

103. “Even though I wish I hadn't made so many of you
angry, I am glad we got to hear you,” he wrote. “And
I am also glad that News Feed highlighted all these
groups so people could find them and share their
opinions with each other as well.”
http://tinyurl.com/2n9mhl
http://tinyurl.com/y3fedz
103

104. “Every MySpace user I know is absolutely sick of the
advertising onslaught and would leave if they could. But
they feel trapped because they have so much content
invested there, not to mention all their friends.”
http://tinyurl.com/ywps4k
104

105. Writely and Spreadsheets were merged into a single product
on October 10, 2006
“… you grant Google a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-
free license to reproduce, adapt, modify, publish and
distribute such Content on Google services for the purpose
of displaying, distributing and promoting Google
services…”
http://tinyurl.com/2pmbsm
http://tinyurl.com/3e4rq4
105

106. ( August 2005
“We assure you that the contents of your Account
will not be disclosed to anyone and will not be
accessible to employees of AdventNet. Neither do
we process the contents of your Account for
serving targeted advertisements.”
http://tinyurl.com/2cv36o
106

107. 2007
107

108. 1.114 billion people use the Internet
108

109. The Daily We
Social objects and topical foci around which communities
are shaped on the Social Web cater more and more to niche
interests. The Internet gets incorporated into existing practices.
109

110. (mobile social networking and media sharing)
(social networking around baking)
(social networking about books)
(mobile media sharing)
(mobile social networking, IM)
(social maps)
(micro-blogging)
(social news site) (Game platform)
2007
110

111. (North-American) English content
is not dominating the Internet anymore.
111

112. Social network hopping?
Most people are on no more than 2 networks
112

113. Consolidation
113

114. By 2007 Wikipedia reports more than 2,000,000
articles in its English version and Technorati
indexed more than 80 million blogs.
http://tinyurl.com/24h9xu
http://tinyurl.com/347sqq
114

115. Facebook reports about 34 million users, growing by
about 4 million each month (2007). It has stronger
membership outside the United States than MySpace.
http://tinyurl.com/2bxadq
http://tinyurl.com/2rq8zd
http://tinyurl.com/2de3hd
115

116. In 2007 hi5 hi5 hi5 is the leading social networking
site in Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Kuwait,
Mauritius, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal,
Romania, Thailand, and Tunisia.
116

117. The Participatory Culture Foundation (PCF) is a non-profit
organization whose mission is to quot;enable and support
independent, non-corporate creativity and political
engagement.quot; Videobomb is a PCF project.
It was founded in 2005.
http://mosh.nokia.com/restricted
http://tinyurl.com/3ymdu9
117

118. Bebo, Friendster, Orkut, and hi5 have also strong international presence.
Orkut dominates India and Brazil also because exit costs are high,
making it hard for people to migrate. Fotolog dominates Argentina and
Chile.
http://tinyurl.com/2xrtpn
118

119. 2007. Hyperlocal social news.
The term quot;hyperlocalquot; is used to refer to news coverage of
community-level events usually overlooked by mainstream
http://mosh.nokia.com/restricted
media outlets.
http://tinyurl.com/2ofykg
119

120. Women aged 25-34 spend more time online than men
in the same age group.
http://tinyurl.com/3dn6b6
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2154293,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=technology
120

121. conclusion
121

122. The web is a platform for
other things to come.
What this will be is
anyone’s guess.
To find out we need
to get going and start by
protecting net neutrality.
122

123. - end -
direct comments, additions, etc
to Trebor Scholz
trebor@thing.net
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0
123

124. 124

125. 125