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Rivers: Forms and Processes,[object Object],Dr. Chris Parker,[object Object],Fluvial Geomorphologist / Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography,[object Object],Department of Geography and Environmental Management,[object Object],University of the West of England,[object Object]
Rivers   forms and processes
Rivers move!!!,[object Object]
Why do we care if rivers move?,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object],Lane et al, 2007,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object],+12.2%,[object Object],1 in 0.5 year flood: 2002 climate,[object Object],1 in 0.5 year flood: 2050 climate,[object Object],Lane et al, 2007,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object],Lane et al, 2007,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object],+5.7%,[object Object],1 in 0.5 year flood: 2002 channel,[object Object],1 in 0.5 year flood: 2004 channel,[object Object],Lane et al, 2007,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Flood Risk,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Navigation,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Damage to infrastructure,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Damage to ecology,[object Object]
Why it is important to understand how and why rivers move: Damage to ecology,[object Object]
Why do rivers move?,[object Object]
What do rivers transport apart from water?,[object Object]
Why do rivers move?,[object Object]
How do rivers move?,[object Object]
How do rivers move?,[object Object],Sediment available to be transported > Capacity to transport sediment...,[object Object],[object Object]
Channel becomes straighter (and therefore steeper),[object Object]
How do rivers move?,[object Object]
How do rivers move?,[object Object],Capacity to transport sediment > ,[object Object],Sediment available to be transported...,[object Object],[object Object]
Channel becomes more sinuous (and therefore less steep),[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object],Cellular Catchment Model,[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object],Cellular Catchment Model (CAESAR),[object Object],Coulthard et al,[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object],Average modelled sediment percent increase from baseline for the River Eden catchment, Cumbria,[object Object],Average rainfall percent increase from baseline for the River Eden catchment, Cumbria,[object Object],Coulthard et al,[object Object]
How will rivers move in the future?,[object Object],Modelled morphological change in the River Eden, Carlisle resulting from 90% increase in sediment yield,[object Object],Predicted increase in flood inundation resulting from predicted morphological change,[object Object],Coulthard et al,[object Object]

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Editor's Notes

  1. Satellite photo of the Songhua River, northeast China - includes Oxbow lakes .
  2. The catchment and reach under study: the Upper Wharfe, Yorkshire Dales National Park, North Yorkshire. Sedimentsensors were installed in the Oughtershaw and Greenfield subcatchments, and at Beckermonds, Deepdale, Hubberholme, Buckden and Starbotton.
  3. Predictions of areas inundated in the 1 in 0·5 with 2002 geometry and flows and with 2002 geometry and 2050s flows
  4. Predictions of are as inundated in the 1 in 0·5 with 2002 geometry and flows and with 2004 geometry and 2002 flows.For the 1-in-0·5-year event, the increase in inundated area was almost one-half of the increase in inundated area estimated as resulting from simulated climate change to the 2050s.The indirect impacts of the climate change signal upon sediment delivery will act so as to reinforce the importance of short-term aggradation upon the magnitude and frequency of floodplain inundation, and that short-term variability in aggradation rates may be superimposed on top of a longer-term, aggradational trend. This emphasizes that the changing flood risk identified here will be strongly impacted upon by climate change, not only because of the direct impacts of climate upon the magnitude and frequency of high flow events, but also because of the indirect effects of changing climate upon coarse sediment delivery which in turn will impact upon coarse sediment delivery and hence aggradation rates.
  5. Hawkcombe Stream, Porlock – 1960 flood
  6. 2 million properties in floodplains along rivers, estuaries and coasts in the UK are potentially at risk of river or coastal flooding. In England and Wales alone, over 4 million people and properties valued at over £200 billion are at risk. Flooding, and managing it, cost the UK around £2.2 billion each year: we currently spend around £800 million per annum on flood and coastal defences; and, even with the present flood defences, we experience an average of £1,400 million of damageForesight Future Flooding(Office of Science and Technology – April 2004)
  7. River Mississippi
  8. Issues with the stability of the channel
  9. Issues with the stability of the channel
  10. Issues with the stability of the channel
  11. Issues with the stability of the channel
  12. Issues with the stability of the channel
  13. Issues with the stability of the channel
  14. Issues with the stability of the channel
  15. Issues with the stability of the channel
  16. Issues with the stability of the channel