1. Reducing the Potential Impact
of Maritime Threats
ASIS International 3rd Asia-Pacific Security Conference:
Advancing Security in the Asia Pacific Region
5 February 2009
Presentation by :
BGen. Joseph V. Medina, USMC (Ret), CSO
Director, Asia Pacific & Maritime Security 1
Business Profiles, Incorporated

2. Purpose
Update on maritime threats in the Asia Pacific
region
Selected Lessons from attacks/attempts and
methodologies used by maritime threat groups
Understand impact of ISPS Code implementation
Review other security methodologies to reduce
risk exposure
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3. Presentation Highlights
SEA Maritime Orientation
Maritime Threats in the SEA Region
Threat Groups / Piracy Update
Regional trends and projections
Maritime Security Methodologies in this
environment: “What will it take to
protect people, operations, and assets?”
ISPS Code Implementation
Applying Technological Solutions
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4. Threat Groups
Transnational Terrorist Threats & Insurgents
• Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)
• Other Terrorist Organizations
• Insurgent Organizations not designated as
Terrorist
Organized Crime Groups
• Piracy
• Smugglers
Other Threats/Risks
• Internal
• Environmental
• Community Issues
• Other Crime
4

5. S/SE Asia Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations (9) (Dec 08)
PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES BANGLADESH
Harakat ul-Mujahidin Abu Sayyaf Group Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami
Jaish-e-Mohammed Communist Party of the
(JEM) Philippines/New SRI LANKA
People's Army
Lashkar-e Tayyiba (CPP/NPA) Liberation Tigers of
(LT) (Army of the Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Righteous) INDONESIA
Lashkar i Jhangvi Jemaah Islamiya (JI)

6. Select SEA Organizations NOT included as FTOs *
Primarily operates in:
Rajah Solaiman Movement (RSM) Philippines
MILF <and> MNLF Philippines
Alintilaqa {or Al Intilaqa} Philippines
Indigenous People’s Federal Army (IPFA) Philippines
Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (RHB) Philippines
Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) Thailand
Pattani Islamic Mujahedin Movement Thailand
Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Pattani BRN Thailand
Gereka Mujahideen Islam Pattani (GMP) Thailand
Sri Nakharo Thailand/Malaysia
Bersatu Malaysia/Thailand
Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM) Malaysia
Gerakan Ache Merdeka (GAM) {Free Aceh Mvmnt} Indonesia
Indonesia Mujaheden Council Indonesia
Indonesia Islamic Liberation Front (IILF) Indonesia
Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI) Indonesia
Organized Crime Groups (Al Khobar, Yakuza, Hung Mun, Jas Phor, Black Shark, etc.)
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Militant Environmental Activists/Eco-terrorists (ELF, etc) *Not all inclusive

7. Piracy Update
Globally: *Piracy rate was down for 1st Half of
year, but Jul – Sept figures increased total to
above 2007; 12% more than 2006 (same period)
Piracy in SEA is down in past 9 months (20%)
20% of all attacks worldwide were in SEA region
Majority of Attacks & Attempts in 2008 were
WHILE STEAMING!
VIOLENCE in attacks is alarming & INCREASING!
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8. Overall Counts of Actual and Attempted Piracy Attacks as per Countries:
January – December: 2003‐2007 and Third Quarter of 2008
Sri Lanka 7/1
2003
India 73 / 10
158 / 9 2004
Bangladesh
Vietnam 37 / 8 2005
South China Sea 20 / 0 2006
China/HK/Macau 9/0 2007
10 / 0
Thailand 2008
Singapore Straits 25 / 2
Source: IMB Piracy Report 2007-2008
Philippines 28 / 6
Myanmar
1/1
Malaysia 31 / 7
Malacca Straits 96 / 2 387 / 23
Indonesia
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

9. Actual and Attempted Piracy Attacks as per Countries
January – December: 2003‐2007 Indonesia
140
120 Malacca Straits
100
80 Malaysia
60
50 Philippines
40
20 Singapore Straits
Thailand/Gulf of
15 Thailand
South China Sea
10
Vietnam
5
Bangladesh
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 India 9
Source: IMB 2007 Annual Report

10. IMB Piracy Map 2008
Asia-Pacific Region
10
As of 3 Dec 08

11. Type of Vessels Attacked in Asia-Pacific Region
January to September 2008
Yacht 1 Type of Vessels Attacks +
SEA Attempts
Tug 1 Far East Fishing Vessel 2+0
Tanker 2 India-Sub Continent 1 each: Yacht, 5+0
Tug, Passenger,
Product Tanker 3 Barge, Lift Barge
General Cargo 2+1
Passenger Ship 1
Livestock Carrier 0+1
LPG Tanker 2 Research Vessel 0+1
Lift Barge 1 Bulk Carrier 5+1
33 % Container 7+1
General Cargo 2
Chemical Tanker 6+1
Fishing Vessel 2
38 % Product Tanker 3+0
Container 7 Tanker 2+2
6 LPG Tanker 2+0
Chemical Tanker
TOTAL: 34 + 8
Bulk Carrier 5
Big Carrier/Cont: 12 + 2
Barge 1 71 % Tankers: 13 + 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
11
References: IMB 2nd Quarter Piracy Report (January to June 2008) and IMB Weekly Reports from (July to September)

12. BONGA FPSO ATTACK
• 19 June 2008
• 75nm offshore Nigeria
• Attacked by MEND elements
• Support vessel hijacked; Capt abducted
(later returned)
• Production Stopped
• Reports that Bonga had
– No Active Radar, only CCTV
– Patrol Boats pulled off for Navy Exercise
– Went into “Lockdown”, preventing access to
spaces by MEND
• MEND reported that its target was
computerized control room, but “detonation
engineers” unable to gain access
• Warned that this would not be last deep
water attack
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13. Oil and Gas Fields in
Southeast Asia
Source: USGS Open-File Report 97-470F 13
“Map showing geology, oil and gas fields and Geologic provinces of the Asia
Pacific Region, Plate 2, Southeast Asia, 1999

14. Regional Trends & Projections
Maritime transport will remain critical assets
and maritime routes will become increasingly
congested
With increases price of crude, fuel (tankers)
become more attractive target Gain vs. Risk
As exploratory activity increases in the coastal
or neritic zones, oil production vessels,
platforms & systems (FPSO) become increasing
lucrative targets
Port, bunkering and logistic hubs are targets for
maritime threats (criminals as well as
terrorists/insurgents)
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15. Maritime Security
Methodologies
What Will It Take to Protect
Operations, People, Assets?
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16. Identify the Assets & Risks
i.e. “Do your Homework”
• Identify Critical Maritime Infrastructure &
Assets
• Due Diligence
• ISPS Code: Ship & Port Assessments
– Risk & Vulnerability Assessments
– Local Area Threat & Risk Assessment
• Threat & Risk Reviews for transiting ships
• Social Mapping & Investigations
• Business Process Risk Review & Analysis
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17. ISPS Code
• Appoint Company Security Officer (CSO) { and PFSO for ports}
• Designate SSO; Resourced & Trained
• Ship Security Plan (SSP) & Intl Ship Sec Cert (ISSC)
– Ship Security Assessment (SSA)
– Produce & Implement Ship Security Plan (SSP); maintain onboard
– Submit & Approval of SSP from Flag State (or RSO)
– Onboard verification by Flag State
– ISSC from Flag State (maintain on board)
• Continuous Synopsis Record (Flag State has info & CSR on board)
• Ship has required info (Contact for Flag and Port State Admin; Parties
resp to appoint crew, charter party, and employment of ship)
• Carriage Requirements
– AIS; IMO Number displayed Externally & Internally; Develop Ship Security
Alert Systems Requirements
ISPS Code applies to tankers,
production vessels, port facilities
and may apply to FPSOs,
offshore platforms/facilities
(country & task specific) 17

18. Protection vs Threats / Risks
• ISPS Code: Security Plans
• Access Controls (Ports & Ships)
• Adequate & Trained Security Force
• Procedures for Ship & Port Interface
• Remote Location/Site Security
• Required Equipment
• Supply Chain Security:
– Tankers, FPSOs, Port Bunkerage, etc.
– Container Security & Uncontainerized
cargo
– Business Process Risk Review & Analysis
• Protective Intelligence
• Develop/Implement/Monitor
Community Outreach Programs
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19. Response
• Notifications to Flag States & Intl Org when req
• Enterprise-wide Risk Management Procedures
• Hostile Environment & Cultural Awareness
• Emergency Preparedness & Response
– Interface between private sector & flag states
• Crisis Management & Resiliency
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20. Applying Technological Solutions
Is Technology the Answer?
Procedure or Technology problem?
Cost vs. Benefit Analysis
Manpower cost vs. High Tech cost
What are the “Hidden Costs”?
Technology appropriate to the task?
Consider the “environment”
Training available?
Can the system be sustained?
Integrated System with Trained Staff
Mutually supporting systems are best
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21. Maritime Security Equipment/Systems
{Integrate Offshore and Onshore}
CLOSE-IN SYSTEMS
• Integrated Control System
• Marine Lights & Lighting
• CCTV & Special Cameras
• Day/ Night Video System (DNVS)
• Automatic Panoramic Intruder
Detection System
• Night Vision Goggles
• Long-Range Binoculars
• Marine Hoses & Sprayers
EXTENDED SURV SYSTEMS
• Radio & Comm Equip
• Radars
• etc. etc. etc.
• Sonar Systems
• Diver Detection Sonar (DDS) system
• Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USVs)
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
• QRF Equipment (Speed Boats, etc)
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22. Cooperative, Mutually Supporting
Efforts
• Public (Govt) Vs. Private Sector Roles & Resp
– Funding vs. Operational Roles
– Adherence to Organizations Code of Ethic; Voluntary Principles
• Integration of Public & Private Sectors
– “Joint Interagency Task Force”
• Cooperation / Coalition with other Private Sector enterprises
– More cost efficient
– More effective as a single voice
– Joint Planning can be mutually supporting; provide protective
intelligence
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23. Reducing the Potential Impact
of Maritime Threats
ASIS International 3rd Asia-Pacific Security Conference:
Advancing Security in the Asia Pacific Region
5 February 2009
Thank you
Presentation by :
BGen. Joseph V. Medina, USMC (Ret)
Director, Asia Pacific & Maritime Security
josephmedina@businessprofiles.com.ph
medina.josephv@gmail.com
www.businessprofiles.com.ph 23