Ancient Egypt (World History)

PART ONE PART TWO Geography Politics, Society, anand Religion d Achievements

The “Gift of the Nile” – HerodotusRegular floods (Sep.-Nov.)Fertile Soil – Food Surplus“Highway” – United EgyptUpper/Lower Egypt

Egyptians not afraid of their riverTheir gods showed some signs of benevolence.These two facts are related.

Amun-RaKing of the Gods / Sun God(Amun) (Ra)Self-created / Creator of HumansSolar Barge [or chariot] Amun-Ra

OsirisClick a god’s Underworldname for morepictures and (Not Evil)information. Horus Isis Patron of Motherhood Pharaohs Fertility Set Storms Chaos Desert Son Father Mother Foreigners

Egypt’s dry climate preserved dead bodies.Belief in an Afterlife Mummification Embalming GAME!!!

The Book of the DeadDid Egyptians believe their gods to be… ETHICS Benevolent? Omnipotent? Omnipresent? Omniscient? Eternal?

Anubis Ma’at Embalming Truth“Guardian of the Scales” Balance Justice

Just for fun! Crocodile God Patron of the Military R.I.P.Steve Irwin 1962-2006

Identify each of the followinggod(esse)s. What are thedistinguishing features of each?

“Great House” In this life and the next, the Pharaoh lived in the great house.

ORDER was the greatest value of the ancient Egyptians.UNITY King of Upper and Lower EgyptDEIFICATION Pharaoh as “God-King”

OLD KINGDOM(c. 2660 – c. 2180 B.C.) INTERRUPTION: Civil WarMIDDLE KINGDOM(c. 2080 – c. 1640) INTERRUPTION: HyksosNEW KINGDOM (Empire)(c. 1550 – c. 1075)NOTE: Stability only broken TWICE in about 1500 years.

Capital: Memphis (Lower Egypt) The Great Pyramid of GizaThe Great Sphinx of Giza Pyramid Arena Memphis, TN

Khufuwas here

educated class of skilled laborers (like scribes) re-marked boundaries after annual Nile flooding Measured pyramidsPhoto Credit: http://oxfordlandsurveying.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/land-surveyor.jpg

“Three surveyors and another guy…”GeorgeWashington, ThomasJefferson, and AbrahamLincoln were all trained asland surveyors.

Lots of cool stuffprobably happened… …but it’s outside the scope of this course…

Nomads?Set up a capital in the delta.Shared Bronze Age technology (moving beyond Stone Age)

Diffusion ofBronze Age Technology Hittite Empire

Capital: Thebes – (Upper Egypt)Important Pharaohs:• Hatshepsut• Thutmose III• Akhenaten• Tutankhamun• Ramesses II [the Great]

OLD NEW KINGDOM KINGDOMCapital Memphis ThebesCity (Lower Egypt) (Upper Egypt)Burial Pyramids Valley ofPlace the Kings

• Female Pharaoh – One of the first known female rulers• “King” of Egypt

Hatshepsut’s Temple Valley of the Kings

• In what god’s likeness is she represented here?

• Hatshepsut’s Stepson – Co-regent until her death • Sole ruler afterwards – Commanded her armies• “Napoleon of Egypt” – Great military leader and conqueror

Erected by Thutmose III to commemorate his victories• Tallest obelisk in Rome – Shipped from Egypt • 32 m. tall • 230 tons

Another of Thutmose III’sobelisks – transported toConstantinople byTheodosius I

MonotheismAkhenaten claimed that the sun (Aten) was the only god. Amarna

FAILMonotheism in Egypt died with Akhenaten… …but the idea survived to fight another day.

Son of Akhenaten• Polytheism Re-established• Capital  Thebes1922 – Nearly intact tomb discovered

Discovery of nearly intacttomb in 1922 sparkedinterest in ancient Egypt

• Reigned 1279-1213 B.C. – Lived 96 Years Monuments and temples galore! The Ramesseum

• Hittite Empire – Asia Minor • Modern Turkey• Ramses II vs. Hittites – Large chariot battle

an ancient form of paper Makes writing easier, but not as durable as stone or clay Papyrus Reeds

Discovered 18th c. by Napoleon’s Hieroglyphics soldiers “Demotic”allowed scholars to Greek translate hieroglyphicsThe Egyptians engraved important documents in stone.

• Egypt has continued to fascinate us thousands of years later.• Egyptologists study Egypt for a living.

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Ancient Egypt (World History)

by Tom Richey on Dec 30, 2012

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