An Introduction to Solr

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  • + guestf310fa guestf310fa 8 months ago
    It is an export from Apple’s Keynote to .ppt. I have verified it loads into one version of Powerpoint, but I can’t promise it will work in all.
  • + bugmenot123 wr dfasf 8 months ago
    Great slides, thank you!
    The powerpoint doesn’t open in Excel 2007, but works fine in open office.
  • + mcjimbo mcjimbo 9 months ago
    GRR PPT is broken...
  • + tomhill tomhill 2 years ago
    To see the comments, download the .ppt. They contain more details about many of the slides.
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An Introduction to Solr - Presentation Transcript

  1. Searching with Solr
    • Tom Hill
    • [email_address]
    • eBig Java SIG, June 18th, 2008
  2. Tonight's Talk
    • Tonight's Talk should run about 1 1/2 hours
    • About Solr
      • Background & overview
    • Installing & Bringing Up Solr
    • Rest Interface & Java Client
    • Configuring Solr
  3. Why Implement Search?
    • Does your site need search?
    • Do you need to implement it, or is Google enough?
      • Just text or Structured Data?
      • Do you need to control ranking?
  4. What is Solr?
    • Web application for text search
    • A wrapper around Apache Lucene
      • Lucene is a library (.jar file)
      • Solr is a web app (.war file)
    • Written at CNet, now at Apache
  5. What is Lucene?
    • Text search library in Java
      • Fast, feature rich.
      • Written by Doug Cutting
      • Active Apache development community
    • Versions also in C++, C#, Ruby, Python, Delphi, Lisp, etc...
  6. Why Solr?
      • Reliable
      • Fast
      • Supported
      • Open Source
      • Tunable Scoring
  7. Solr Versions
      • Current Version is 1.2
        • A year old
        • 1.3 is coming "sometime"
      • Large number of features in HEAD
        • Use the latest from subversion for new projects
  8. Alternatives to Solr
    • Just Use Google
    • Use Lucene
    • Use Your Database
    • Commercial Libraries
    • Write your own
  9. What Solr is Not
    • A replacement for a relational database
    • An embedded database*
    • Fully cross platform :-(
      • Replication depends on unix FS
      • Admin scripts are bash(minor)
  10. Solr Sites
    • CNet (Reviews & Products)
    • Internet Archive (Collections)
    • Netflix (Movies)
    • Zvents (Events)
    • StripSearch.ws (Comics)
    • And many more
  11. Features Here's a quick look at some of the features of Solr, as implemented on Zvents.com
  12.  
  13. Faceted Navigation
    • Groups the results by category
    • Can do multiple facets at once
    • Returns matching counts
  14. Additional Constraints
  15. Synonyms, etc.
  16. Solr Overview
  17. Simple Webapp Web Servers[1..n] Database Master Database Slaves[0..n] Solr Master Solr Slaves[0..n]
  18. Scaling Solr
    • Master/Slave architecture
    • Writes to master/reads to slaves
    • Replication: Periodic transfers, not continuous
    • Rsync
  19. Updates
    • Updates flush caches, bad for performance
    • Master therefor much slower than slaves
      • So send all queries to slaves
    • Depends on your update rates
  20. Solr's Data Model
    • Solr maintains a collection of documents
    • A document is a collection of fields & values
    • A field can occur multiple times in a document
    • Documents are immutable.
      • They can be deleted, and a new version added, however.
  21. Querying
    • Http request
    • http://localhost:8080/comix/select/?q=java
  22. Solr Query Syntax
    • Lucene Query Syntax + a bit
    • paris
    • city:paris
    • title:"The Right Way" AND text:go
    • id:[* TO *]
  23. Solr Query Syntax II
    • -inStock:false
    • te?t
    • theat*
    • te*t
    • test~
  24. Using Solr
    • Getting data into Solr
    • Getting data out of Solr
  25. Getting Data Into Solr
    • POST it.
    <add> <doc> <field name=&quot;employeeId&quot;>05991</field> <field name=&quot;office&quot;>Bridgewater</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Perl</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Java</field> </doc> [<doc> ... </doc>[<doc> ... </doc>]] </add>
  26. Getting Data Into Solr
    • POST it.
    <add> < doc > <field name=&quot;employeeId&quot;>05991</field> <field name=&quot;office&quot;>Bridgewater</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Perl</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Java</field> </ doc > [<doc> ... </doc>[<doc> ... </doc>]] </add>
  27. Getting Data Into Solr
    • POST it.
    <add> <doc> <field name=&quot; employeeId &quot;> 05991 </field> <field name=&quot;office&quot;>Bridgewater</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Perl</field> <field name=&quot;skills&quot;>Java</field> </doc> [<doc> ... </doc>[<doc> ... </doc>]] </add>
  28. Committing
    • Nothing shows up in the index until you commit
    • You can just POST <commit/> to http:// host : port /solr/update
  29. Getting Data Out http://localhost:8080/comix/select/?q=data&indent=on
    • <response>
    • <lst name=&quot;responseHeader&quot;>
    • <int name=&quot;status&quot;>0</int>
    • <int name=&quot;QTime&quot;>0</int>
    • <lst name=&quot;params&quot;>
      • <str name=&quot;indent&quot;>on</str>
      • <str name=&quot;q&quot;>data</str>
    • </lst>
    • </lst>
    • <result name=&quot;response&quot; numFound=&quot;2&quot; start=&quot;0&quot;>
    • <doc>
      • <str name=&quot;id&quot;>strip.3136</str>
      • <str name=&quot;release_date&quot;>1992-05-07</str>
      • <date name=&quot;timestamp&quot;>2008-02-28T10:06:01.682Z</date>
      • <str name=&quot;type&quot;>strip</str>
    • </doc>
    • </result>
    • </response>
  30. Getting Data Out http://localhost:8080/comix/select/?q=data&indent=on
    • <response>
    • <lst name=&quot;responseHeader&quot;>
    • <int name=&quot;status&quot;>0</int>
    • <int name=&quot;QTime&quot;>0</int>
    • <lst name=&quot;params&quot;>
      • <str name=&quot;indent&quot;>on</str>
      • <str name=&quot;q&quot;>data</str> </lst>
    • </lst>
    • <result name=&quot;response&quot; numFound=&quot;2&quot; start=&quot;0&quot;>
    • <doc>
      • <str name=&quot;id&quot;>strip.3136</str>
      • <str name=&quot;release_date&quot;>1992-05-07</str>
      • <date name=&quot;timestamp&quot;>2008-02-28T10:06:01.682Z</date>
      • <str name=&quot;type&quot;>strip</str>
    • </doc>
    • </result>
    • </response>
  31. Getting Data Out http://localhost:8080/comix/select/?q=data&indent=on
    • <response>
    • <lst name=&quot;responseHeader&quot;>
    • <int name=&quot;status&quot;>0</int>
    • <int name=&quot;QTime&quot;>0</int>
    • <lst name=&quot;params&quot;>
      • <str name=&quot;indent&quot;>on</str>
      • <str name=&quot;q&quot;>data</str> </lst>
    • </lst>
    • <result name=&quot;response&quot; numFound=&quot;2&quot; start=&quot;0&quot;>
    • <doc>
      • <str name=&quot;id&quot;>strip.3136</str>
      • <str name=&quot;release_date&quot;>1992-05-07</str>
      • <date name=&quot;timestamp&quot;>2008-02-28T10:06:01.682Z</date>
      • <str name=&quot;type&quot;>strip</str>
    • </doc> ...
    • </result>
    • </response>
  32. Getting Data Out http://localhost:8080/comix/select/?q=data&indent=on { &quot;responseHeader&quot;:{ &quot;status&quot;:0, &quot;QTime&quot;:1, &quot;params&quot;:{ &quot;wt&quot;:&quot;json&quot;, &quot;rows&quot;:[&quot;1&quot;, &quot;1&quot;], &quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;, &quot;indent&quot;:&quot;on&quot;, &quot;q&quot;:&quot;data&quot;, &quot;version&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;}}, &quot;response&quot;:{&quot;numFound&quot;:2,&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;docs&quot;:[ { &quot;feature_id&quot;:&quot;3&quot;, &quot;release_date&quot;:&quot;1992-05-07&quot;, &quot;id&quot;:&quot;strip.3136&quot;, &quot;timestamp&quot;:&quot;2008-02-28T10:06:01.682Z&quot;}] }} JSON format
  33. Debug Query Option
    • Add &debugQuery=on to request params
    • Returns parsed form of query
    <str name=&quot;rawquerystring&quot;>c.i.a</str><str name=&quot;querystring&quot;>c.i.a</str><str name=&quot;parsedquery&quot;>PhraseQuery(text:&quot;c i a&quot;)</str><str name=&quot;parsedquery_toString&quot;>text:&quot;c i a&quot;</str>
  34. Debug Query Option II
    • Add &debugQuery=on to request params
    • Returns scoring information
    <str name=&quot;id=strip.2781,internal_docid=29854&quot;> 2.6219895 = (MATCH) fieldWeight(text:calvin in 29854), product of: 1.0 = tf(termFreq(text:calvin)=1) 2.6219895 = idf(docFreq=6222) 1.0 = fieldNorm(field=text, doc=29854) </str> <str name=&quot;id=strip.4078,internal_docid=31151&quot;> 2.6219895 = (MATCH) fieldWeight(text:calvin in 31151), product of: 1.0 = tf(termFreq(text:calvin)=1) 2.6219895 = idf(docFreq=6222) 1.0 = fieldNorm(field=text, doc=31151) </str>
  35. Deleting Data
    • POST
    <delete><id>35</id></delete> <delete><query>city:paris</query></delete>
  36. Command Line Control
    • curl http://localhost:8983/solr/update -H &quot;Content-type: text/xml&quot; --data-binary '<commit/>'
    • <?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?><response><lst name=&quot;responseHeader&quot;>
    • <int name=&quot;status&quot;>0</int>
      • <int name=&quot;QTime&quot;>20</int>
      • </lst></response>
    • </lst></response>
    • </lst></response>
  37. Solr in 3 minutes!
    • Download Solr from Apache
    • Untar
    • &quot;ant example&quot;
    • Start the example app
    • Load data into Solr
    • Query
  38. Solr in Ten Minutes <Context docBase=&quot;/var/solr/apache-solr-1.2.0.war&quot; debug=&quot;0&quot; crossContext=&quot;true&quot; > <Environment name=&quot;solr/home&quot; type=&quot;java.lang.String&quot; value=&quot;/var/solr&quot; override=&quot;true&quot; /></Context>
    • Copy Solr's example/solr dir to /var/solr
    • Edit schema.xml and solrconfig.xml
    • Load data into Solr
    • In $CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/localhost/foo.xml
  39. Directory Layout
    • ${solr.home}/conf
      • schema.xml
      • solrconfig.xml
    • ${solr.home}/data
    • ${solr.home}/logs
    • ${solr.home}/bin
  40. Java Solr Client
    • Called SolrJ
    • Not in Solr 1.2.
      • I grabbed from the HEAD from svn
      • Works with Solr 1.2
    • Add/Delete/Query/Commit/Optimize
  41. Adding Docs w/SolrJ Given Map<String, String> fields; CommonsHttpSolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer( url ); SolrInputDocument doc= new SolrInputDocument(); for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : fields.entrySet()){ doc.addField(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } UpdateResponse res = server .add( doc);
  42. Deleting Docs w/SolrJ CommonsHttpSolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer( url ); UpdateResponse res; res = server .deleteById(&quot;100&quot;); res = server .deleteByQuery(&quot;city:paris&quot;);
  43. Simple Query CommonsHttpSolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer( url ); SolrQuery query = new SolrQuery(); query.setQuery(&quot;dance&quot;); QueryResponse rsp = server .query(query);
  44. More Interesting Query CommonsHttpSolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer( url ); SolrQuery query = new SolrQuery(); query.setQuery(&quot;dance&quot;); query.setFacet( true ); query.addFacetField(&quot;city&quot;); query.setFacetMinCount(1); query.addSortField( &quot;price&quot;, SolrQuery.ORDER.asc ); QueryResponse rsp = server .query(query);
  45. Query Responses
    • QueryResponse qr = server .query(query);
    • SolrDocumentList docs = qr.getResults();
    • List<FacetField> lf = qr.getFacetFields();
    • for (FacetField ff: lf) {
    • String fieldName = ff.getName();
    • List<FacetField.Count> lc = ff.getValues();
    • for (FacetField.Count c: lc) {
    • String countName = c.getName();
      • long count = c.getCount();
    • }
    • }
  46. Other Commands
    • Commit
      • server.commit()
    • Optimize
      • server.optimize()
    • Not too complicated!
  47. Request Handlers
    • Request handler define how the query is processed.
    • Two main types
      • StandardRequestHandler
      • DisMaxRequestHandler
      • You can implement your own
    • Changing in Solr 1.3
  48. &quot;Standard&quot; Request Handler
    • Accepts Solr Query Syntax
    • I tend to use it for my queries, not user queries.
  49. DisMaxRequestHandler
    • Recommended for user queries
    • Allows simple users keywords to be applied to multiple fields, with weighting.
    • Boost Functions
    • Boost Queries
  50. Boost Functions
    • Allow you to influence scoring at run time
    • Computationally Expensive!
    • Really useful for tuning scoring
    • linear(x,2,4) returns 2*x+4
      • x is a field
  51. The Solr Schema
    • schema.xml
      • Defines types used in this webapp
      • Defines the fields and their types
      • Defines &quot;copyFields&quot;
      • READ THE EXAMPLE SCHEMA.XML
  52. Types
    • Types define processing for a field
      • How the words are split (Whitespace? Punctuation? CIA != C.I.A.)
        • Stemming
        • Case Folding, etc
        • Predefined date, int, float, etc
        • c
  53. Analysis: Index and Query Time
    • Types have two modes
      • Index Time
      • Query Time
  54. Simple Text Field <fieldType name=&quot;text&quot; class=&quot;solr.TextField&quot; positionIncrementGap= &quot;100&quot;> <analyzer type=&quot;index&quot;> <tokenizer class=&quot;solr.WhitespaceTokenizerFactory&quot;/> <filter class=&quot;solr.StopFilterFactory&quot; ignoreCase=&quot;true&quot; words=&quot;stopwords.txt&quot;/></analyzer><analyzer type=&quot;query&quot;><tokenizer class=&quot;solr.WhitespaceTokenizerFactory&quot;/> <filter class=&quot;solr.SynonymFilterFactory&quot; synonyms=&quot;synonyms.txt&quot; ignoreCase=&quot;true&quot; expand=&quot;true&quot;/> <filter class=&quot;solr.StopFilterFactory&quot; ignoreCase=&quot;true&quot; words=&quot;stopwords.txt&quot;/></analyzer></fieldType> <filter class=&quot;solr.StopFilterFactory&quot; ignoreCase=&quot;true&quot; words=&quot;stopwords.txt&quot;/></analyzer></fieldType> <filter class=&quot;solr.StopFilterFactory&quot; ignoreCase=&quot;true&quot; words=&quot;stopwords.txt&quot;/></analyzer></fieldType>
  55. Analysis & Facets
    • Make sure to use an untokenized field for faceting.
    • &quot;San Jose&quot; != &quot;San&quot; &quot;Jose&quot;
  56. Fields
    • Elements of a document
      • Both predefined & dynamic
      • Fields may occur multiple times
      • Maybe indexed and/or stored
  57. Example Fields <field name=&quot;id&quot; type=&quot;string&quot; indexed=&quot;true&quot; stored=&quot;true&quot; required=&quot;true&quot; /><field name=&quot;name&quot; type=&quot;text&quot; indexed=&quot;true&quot; stored=&quot;true&quot;/><field name=&quot;alphaNameSort&quot; type=&quot;alphaOnlySort&quot; indexed=&quot;true&quot; stored=&quot;false&quot;/>
  58. Copy Fields
    • Two main uses
      • To analyze a field in two different ways
      • To concatenate fields
  59. The Solr Config File
    • solrconfig.xml
      • Defines request handlers, defaults, caches,
      • Read the example solrconfig.xml
  60. Configuring DisMax
    • Parameter defaults set in solrconfig.xml
    • Can be overridden in each request
      • Except for params labeled invariant
  61. DisMax Config Example <requestHandler name=&quot;dismax&quot; class=&quot;solr.DisMaxRequestHandler&quot; > <lst name=&quot;defaults&quot;> <str name=&quot;echoParams&quot;>explicit</str> <float name=&quot;tie&quot;>0.01</float> <str name=&quot;qf&quot;> text^0.5 features^1.0 name^1.2 sku^1.5 id^10.0 manu^1.1 cat^1.4 </str> <str name=&quot;pf&quot;> text^0.2 features^1.1 name^1.5 manu^1.4 manu_exact^1.9 </str> ... </requestHandler>
  62. DisMax Config Example <requestHandler name=&quot;dismax&quot; class=&quot;solr.DisMaxRequestHandler&quot; > ... <str name=&quot;bf&quot;> ord(poplarity)^0.5 recip(rord(price),1,1000,1000)^0.3 </str> <str name=&quot;fl&quot;> id,name,price,score </str>... </requestHandler>
  63. DisMax Config Example <requestHandler name=&quot;dismax&quot; class=&quot;solr.DisMaxRequestHandler&quot; > ... <str name=&quot;mm&quot;> 2&lt;-1 5&lt;-2 6&lt;90% </str> <int name=&quot;ps&quot;>100</int> <str name=&quot;q.alt&quot;>*:*</str> </lst> </requestHandler>
  64. Wrap Up
  65. Resources
    • Solr http://lucene.apache.org/solr/
      • wiki, mailing list, jira (bugs/features)
    • Lucene http://lucene.apache.org /
  66. Lucene In Action
  67. Building Search Applications with Lucene, lingpipe and Gate Manu Konchady Manu Konchady Manu Konchady
  68. Other Presentations
    • Yonik Seely's Solr & Lucene
      • http://people.apache.org/~yonik/presentations/
    • Slideshare.net
      • Search for solr, or search for lucene
  69. Thanks! Thanks for coming. Feel free to email me if you have questions about Solr Tom Hill [email_address]
  70. Extra Slides Things I didn't have time for in the presentation. Some of them unfinished.
  71. Search Engines are not the Same as Users
    • Search engines have different usage patterns than users
  72. Response Writers
    • http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=text_t%3Atiger&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on& wt=ruby
    • http://localhost:8983/solr/select/?q=text_t%3Atiger&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on& wt=xml
  73. Explain
    • Just why did the documents come up in that order?
  74. Data Matters
    • Gigo
    • The better the data is, the better the search will be.
  75. Watch Your Caches
    • Just like any other app, check your statistics
    • What's the hit rate for your caches?
  76. Setting Up Replication
    • Run rsyncd on the master
    • Run snapshot on the master at intervals
    • Run snappuller on the slaves at (different) intervals.
    • Scripts don't print errors!
      • Check the logs
      • Use bash -xv
  77. Autowarming
    • Runs after an update to the index
      • Updates flush caches
    • Runs some queries to populate caches again
    • Can be a problem, with frequent updates
      • Don't autowarm master, if updating lots
  78. Tour Of Solr's Web UI
  79. Programming Collective Intelligence A Really Fun Book
  80. Geographic Searching
    • Local Lucene & Local Solr
    • http://locallucene.wiki.sourceforge.net
    • There's also geolucene, but it's not being actively developed, as far as I can tell.
    • http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/l ucene/java-dev/53378
  81. http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/stats.jsp#update Are there commits pending?
  82. http://localhost:8983/comix/admin/analysis.jsp?name=text&val=wi-fi Analysis Explanation

+ tomhilltomhill, 2 years ago

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