Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok

Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok Togar M. Simatupang Sekolah Bisnis dan Manajemen Institut Teknologi Bandung Disampaikan dalam diskusi ALI Bandung pada hari Sabtu tanggal 31 Mei 2008

Kilasan • Apa itu logistik? • Apa itu kolaborasi? • Bagaimana menggambarkan kolaborasi? • Apa manfaat kolaborasi? • Bagaimana cara berkolaborasi? • Apa hambatan berkolaborasi? • Penutup 2

Harga Produk Biaya Logistik Langsung: Gudang, transportasi, dan distribusi Biaya Manufaktur dan Pemasaran Biaya Logistik Tidak Langsung: pengadaan, penanganan material, desain gudang, manajemen armada, aplikasi teknologi informasi Laba Manufaktur dan Pemasaran 3

Biaya Total Logistik % dari Penjualan • Cina : 20% • Indonesia : ~18% • Amerika : 10% • Perancis : 7,2% • Italia : 6,7% • Jerman : 6,3% • Inggris : 5,1% • Spanyol : 4,7% • Belanda : 4,6% 4

Apa itu logistik? Manajemen yang efektif dari gudang, transportasi, dan distribusi barang dan penyediaan informasi yang relevan dari produksi sampai pengguna akhir sehingga barang tersebut bisa sampai dengan jumlah yang tepat, lokasi yang tepat, waktu yang tepat, dan biaya yang tepat. 5

Apa itu logistik? 6

Siapa melakukan logistik? • 1PL – Pemanufaktur dan Distributor • 2PL – Operator Aset (kurir, operator gudang dan terminal, operator truk? • 3PL – Penyedia jasa logistik • 4PL – sebuah perusahaan yang mengawasi prusahaan 3PL lainnya dalam proyek tunggal • 5PL – Konsultan 7

Kegiatan Bisnis 3PL 8

Siapa klien 3PL? • Pemanufaktur • Distributor • Pelanggan Akhir 9

Apa yang dicari pelanggan akhir? 10

Bagaimana perusahaan menenuhi keinginan pelanggan akhir? 1. Strategi penghematan biaya 2. Saluran Distribusi Lengkap 3. Perusahaan Besar (e.g. Carrefour, Wal- Mart, Toyota, Mattel). 4. Pemanfaatan e-Commerce 5. Penanganan Logistik 11

Evolusi Manajemen Rantai Pasok 12 Sumber: Ronald H. Ballou

Kinerja Rantai Pasok (CIO Magazine, Feb 1, 2000) 13

Apa itu kolaborasi? Collaboration comes from the Latin 'co' meaning 'with' and 'labore' meaning 'to work' and means 'to work together'. 14

Apa itu kolaborasi? 15

Diagram Kolaborasi 16

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Manfaat Kolaborasi 22

Manfaat Kolaborasi 23

Proyek Kolaborasi 24 Sumber: http://www.wamsystems.com/wam_id_process.htm

Model Kematangan Kolaborasi 25

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Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok 28

Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok Collaborative Performance Collaborative Decisions Partner 1 Partner 2 Information Sharing Integrated Processes Incentive Alignment 29

Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok Collaborative Performance Collaborative Decisions Partner 1 Partner 2 Information Sharing Integrated Processes Incentive Alignment 30

Model Kolaborasi 31

Model Kolaborasi Sumber: http://www.techexchange.com/thel 32 ibrary/Dama/Supply_Chain_Sim.ht ml

RFID Sumber: http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u- japan_en/new_r_i01m.html 33

The CPFR® Process Model FRONT END AGREEMENT Collaborative Planning JOINT BUSINESS PLAN CREATE SALES FORECAST Collaborative IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS Forecasting RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS CREATE ORDER FORECAST Buyer IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS GENERATE ORDER 34

Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment: Retail Link Wal-Mart Supplier:Warner-Lambert Operational System EDI Data warehouse ERP Internet Manufacturing RetailLink Plan Sales data about WWW W-L Products Review and Inventory Forecast Comments Plan Planner Planner 35

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e-Supply Networks Manufacturers 3P Logistics Retailers Engineering/ Design Raw Materials Partners Supplier B2B relationships Marketplace- to-Marketplace (M2M) Logistics Consumer relationships Logistics Exchange Customer Customer Exchange (horizontal) horizontal) (horizontal) Exchange Exchange Private Private (B2C) (B2C) Component eMarket eMarket (vertical) vertical) Distributor/ Supplier (vertical) Reseller Virtual Manufacturers Virtual Distributors Public Public eMarket Corporate eMarket Customers (B2B) (B2B) Subcontractor Manufacturer/ OEM Product/Goods Flow Logistics Providers Information Flow 37 (Adapted from Forrester, 06/2000 & AMR SCM Report Jan 2000)

Types of Collaborative Processes & Models in eMarkets 3P Logistics Viewed from the Distributors manufacturer’s manufacturer’ perspective Engineering/ Design Manufacturers Partners Subcontractors Collaborative Product Engineering & Design Collaborative Product Engineering & Design Collaborative Supply Planning Collaborative Supply Planning Collaborative Supply Procurement Collaborative Supply Procurement Synchronized Production Scheduling Synchronized Production Scheduling Suppliers Collaborative Logistics Planning Collaborative Logistics Planning Collaborative Transportation Mgmt Collaborative Transportation Mgmt Collaborative Distribution Services Collaborative Distribution Services Collaborative Demand Forecasting Collaborative Demand Forecasting Collaborative Replenishment Collaborative Replenishment eMarket / eMarket / Collaborative Promotion Planning Collaborative Promotion Planning Private Hub Private Hub Collaborative Life Cycle Planning Collaborative Life Cycle Planning Manufacturers Retailers Retailers CPFR CSUP CTM CED Collaborative Planning, Forecasting Planning, Collaborative Supply & Production Planning Collaborative Transportation Management Collaborative Engineering & Design & Replenishment 38

Apakah hambatan berkolaborasi? • Kepercayaan yang lemah komitmen, penipuan, kredibilitas, rahasia perusahaan • Kemampuan yang belum teruji SDM, sistem dan prosedur, penguasaan teknologi informasi • Keterbatasan Prasarana akses jalan, internet, teknologi informasi, dan sebagainya. • Lemahnya dukungan pemerintah iklim persaingan sehat dan penyediaan prasarana 39

Terima Kasih 40

Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok

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