XML and XPath with PHP

XML and XPath with PHP TobiasSchlitt <toby@php.net> IPC SE 2009 2009-05-29 Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 1 / 102

About me Tobias Schlitt <toby@php.net> PHP since 2001 Freelancing consultant Qualiﬁed IT Specialist Studying CS at TU Dortmund (expect to ﬁnish this year) OSS addicted PHP eZ Components PHPUnit Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 2 / 102

And who are you? What is your name? Where are you from? What is your business? What are your experiences with XML / XPath? What do you expect from this workshop? Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 3 / 102

Overview 1 XML 2 XML in PHP 3 XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 4 / 102

Outline 1 XML Overview Terminology The XML tree 2 XML in PHP 3 XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 5 / 102

Outline - XML 1 XML Overview Terminology The XML tree 2 XML in PHP 3 XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 6 / 102

What is XML? General speciﬁcation for creating markup languages Data exchange between computer systems System independent Human readable Most used on the web Successor of SGML W3C recommendation 1.0 1998 (last update 2008-11-26) 1.1 2004 (last update 2006-08-16) Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 7 / 102

XML languages by example XHTML XML variant of the popular HTML RSS Really Simply Syndication Provide news / updates / ... of websites Read by special clients Aggregation on portals / planets SVG Scalable Vector Graphics Describe vector graphics in XML Potentially interactive / animated (via ECMAScript) Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 8 / 102

Related technologies - Schemas Schema A schema deﬁnes the structure XML instance documents. XMLSchema Written in XML W3C recommendation Popular RelaxNG 2 syntax variants XML based Short plain text based OASIS / ISO standard Popular DTD Plain text W3C recommendation Deprecated Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 9 / 102

Related technologies - Querying Query A query extracts a sub-set of information from a data source. XPath W3C recommendation Navigation in XML documents more on that later... XQuery Functional programming language Allows complex queries Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 10 / 102

An XML document <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

Preamble <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

Element nodes <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

Attribute nodes <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

Atomic value nodes <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

Document element <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> <title lang=”en”>Beautiful code</title> <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>35.95</price> </book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <year>2007</year> <price currency=”Euro”>39.95</price> </book> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 12 / 102

The XML tree <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Children I <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Children II <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Parent <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Descendants <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Ascendants <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

Siblings <bookshelf> <book> <book> id= <title> <author> <author> <year> <price> ”1” A. Oram G. Wilson 2007 Beautiful currency= lang= 39.95 code ”en” ”Euro” Attribute siblings Attributes are not considered siblings to elements. Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 14 / 102

CDATA CDATA Avoid the escaping hell in text content. Without CDATA <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <h i n t> Some e x a m p l e s make u s e o f <xml> . </ h i n t> </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 15 / 102

CDATA CDATA Avoid the escaping hell in text content. With CDATA <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <h i n t> <![CDATA[ Some e x a m p l e s make u s e o f <xml> . ]]> </ h i n t> </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 15 / 102

CDATA CDATA Avoid the escaping hell in text content. The CDATA dilemma <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <h i n t> <![CDATA[ Some e x a m p l e s show t h e u s a g e o f <![CDATA[ ]]> ]]> </ h i n t> </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 15 / 102

CDATA CDATA Avoid the escaping hell in text content. The CDATA dilemma workaround <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <h i n t> <![CDATA[ Some e x a m p l e s show t h e u s a g e o f <![CDATA[ ]]]]><![CDATA[> ]]> </ h i n t> </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 15 / 102

CDATA CDATA Avoid the escaping hell in text content. The CDATA dilemma solution <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <h i n t> U29tZSBleGFtcGxlcyBzaG93IHRoZSB1c2FnZSBvZiA8IVtDREFUQVsgXV0+ </ h i n t> </ book> Base 64 in PHP Use the built in functions base64 encode() and base64 decode(). Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 15 / 102

Comments Comments in XML <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> <!−− . . . more b o o k s . . . −−> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 16 / 102

Namespaces Namespaces Allow to avoid naming conﬂicts between diﬀerent XML sources. Single, default namespace <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 17 / 102

Namespaces Namespaces Allow to avoid naming conﬂicts between diﬀerent XML sources. Multiple namespaces <b o o k s h e l f x m l n s=” h t t p : // e x a m p l e . com/ book ” x m l n s : b o o k=” h t t p : // e x a m p l e . com/ book ” x m l n s : d c=” h t t p : // p u r l . o r g / dc / e l e m e n t s / 1 . 1 / ” > <book i d=” 1 ”> < d c : t i t l e b o o k : l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ d c : t i t l e> <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 17 / 102

Outline 1 XML 2 XML in PHP DOM Introductional example Essential classes Practical DOM XMLReader/-Writer (by example) SimpleXml (by example) 3 XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 18 / 102

Overview XML APIs PHP has quite some XML APIs. The most important are: DOM XMLReader / XMLWriter SimpleXML Deprecated are: DOM XML XML Parser Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 19 / 102

Overview - DOM Document Object Model Standardized API to access XML tree W3C recommendation Level 1 in 1999 Currently: Level 3 (2004) Available in many languages C Java Perl Python ... Represents XML nodes as objects Loads full XML tree into memory Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 20 / 102

Overview - XMLReader/-Writer Popular approach to access XML data Similar implementations available in Java C# Pull / push based Does not load XML fully into memory Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 21 / 102

Overview - SimpleXml Very simple access to XML data Unique (?) to PHP Represents XML structures as objects Initial implementation hackish Loads full XML tree into memory You don’t want to use SimpleXML, seriously! Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 22 / 102

APIs compared DOM XMLReader/-Writer SimpleXML Read • Write ◦ Manipulate • • Full control - Namespaces ◦ XPath - Validate DTD DTD - Schema Schema RelaxNG RelaxNG Comfort • ◦ Fully supported • Supported but not nice ◦ Poorly supported - Not supported at all Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 23 / 102

Outline - XML in PHP 1 XML 2 XML in PHP DOM Introductional example Essential classes Practical DOM XMLReader/-Writer (by example) SimpleXml (by example) 3 XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 24 / 102

Outline - DOM Introductional example Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 25 / 102

Getting started Printing all authors $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>l o a d ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e . xml ’ ) ; $ a u t h o r s = $dom−>getElementsByTagName ( ’ a u t h o r ’ ) ; foreach ( $authors as $author ) { echo ’ A u t h o r : ’ . $ a u t h o r −>n o d e V a l u e . ” \\n” ; } Output Author : A. Oram Author : G. Wilson Author : T. Schlitt Author : K. Nordmann Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 26 / 102

Outline - DOM Essential classes Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 27 / 102

DOMNode Purpose Base class for all nodes types (elements, attributes, ...). Typical tree operations Typical tree properties appendChild() $parent removeChild() $childNodes replaceChild() $previousSibling hasChildNodes() $nextSibling insertBefore() DOM speciﬁc properties DOM speciﬁc operations $nodeType cloneNode() $nodeValue lookupNamespaceURI() $ownerDocument lookupPrefix() $namespaceURI isDefaultNamespace() $prefix normalize() $localName Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 28 / 102

DOMElement Purpose Representation of an element (extends node) Attribute related operations Properties hasAttribute[NS]() $tagName getAttribute[NS]() getAttributeNode[NS]() setAttribute[NS]() removeAttribute[NS]() Element related operations getElementsByTagName[NS]() appendChild() (inherited) removeChild() (inherited) replaceChild() (inherited) Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 29 / 102

DOMDocument Purpose Representation of a XML document Creation methods Load /save methods createAttribute[NS]() load/save() createElement[NS]() load/saveHTMLFile() Element retrieval methods Properties getElementsByTagName[NS]() $documentElement getElementById() $documentURI Misc operations $preserveWhitespace registerNodeClass() $formatOutput validate() $doctype schemaValidate() $xmlVersion relaxNGValidate() $xmlEncoding $recover (not DOM!) Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 30 / 102

DOMNodeList Purpose Collection of DOMNodes (elements, attributes, ...). Iteratable. Operations item() Properties $length Standard f o r ( $ i = 0 ; $ i < $ a u t h o r s −>l e n g t h ; ++$ i ) { echo ’ A u t h o r : ’ . $ a u t h o r s −>i t e m ( $ i )−>n o d e V a l u e . ” \\n” ; } Foreach foreach ( $authors as $author ) { echo ’ A u t h o r : ’ . $ a u t h o r −>n o d e V a l u e . ” \\n” ; } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 31 / 102

Outline - DOM Practical DOM Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 32 / 102

Reading XML I Reading $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>l o a d ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e . xml ’ ) ; $ r o o t = $dom−>documentElement ; echo ’ Document i s a ’ . $ r o o t −>tagName . ” \\n” ; $ b o o k s = $ r o o t −>getElementsByTagName ( ’ book ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 33 / 102

Reading XML II Reading II f o r e a c h ( $ b o o k s a s $book ) { echo ’ Book w i t h ID ’ . $book−>g e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ ) ; f o r e a c h ( $book−>getElementsByTagName ( ’ p r i c e ’ ) a s $price ) { echo ’ c o s t s ’ . $ p r i c e −>n o d e V a l u e . ’ ’ . $ p r i c e −>g e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ c u r r e n c y ’ ) . ” \\n” ; } } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 34 / 102

Reading XML III Output Document i s a b o o k s h e l f Book w i t h ID 1 c o s t s 3 5 . 9 5 Euro Book w i t h ID 2 c o s t s 3 9 . 9 5 Euro Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 35 / 102

Create XML I Creating $dom = new DOMDocument ( ’ 1 . 0 ’ , ’UTF−8 ’ ) ; $dom−>f o r m a t O u t p u t = t r u e ; $ r o o t = $dom−>a p p e n d C h i l d ( $dom−>c r e a t e E l e m e n t ( ’ d v d s h e l f ’ ) ); $dvd = $ r o o t −>a p p e n d C h i l d ( $dom−>c r e a t e E l e m e n t ( ’ dvd ’ ) ); Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 36 / 102

Create XML II Creating II $dvd−>s e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ , 1 ) ; $dvd−>a p p e n d C h i l d ( $dom−>c r e a t e E l e m e n t ( ’ t i t l e ’ , ’ S t a r Trek ’ ) ); $dom−>s a v e ( ’ s o u r c e s / d o m c r e a t e . xml ’ ) ; Output <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> < d v d s h e l f> <dvd i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e >S t a r Trek</ t i t l e > </ dvd> </ d v d s h e l f> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 37 / 102

Manipulate XML I Source XML <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <book i d=” 1 ”>< t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e> <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 38 / 102

Manipulate XML II Manipulating $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>f o r m a t O u t p u t = t r u e ; $dom−>l o a d ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e w e i r d f o r m a t . xml ’ , LIBXML NOBLANKS ); Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 39 / 102

Manipulate XML III Manipulating II $ r o o t = $dom−>documentElement ; $newBook = $ r o o t −>a p p e n d C h i l d ( $dom−>c r e a t e E l e m e n t ( ’ book ’ ) ); $newBook−>s e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ , 2 ) ; $newBook−>a p p e n d C h i l d ( $dom−>c r e a t e E l e m e n t ( ’ t i t l e ’ , ’ eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h ’ ) ); $dom−>s a v e ( ’ s o u r c e s / d o m m a n i p u l a t e . xml ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 40 / 102

Manipulate XML IV Output <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> <book i d=” 2 ”> < t i t l e >eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h</ t i t l e > </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 41 / 102

Reading XML I Reading $ r e a d e r = new XMLReader ( ) ; $ r e a d e r −>open ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e . xml ’ ) ; w h i l e ( $ r e a d e r −>r e a d ( ) ) { i f ( $ r e a d e r −>nodeType !== XMLReader : : ELEMENT ) { continue ; } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 43 / 102

Reading XML II Reading i f ( $ r e a d e r −>l o c a l N a m e === ’ book ’ ) { echo ’ Book w i t h ID ’ . $ r e a d e r −>g e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ ) ; } i f ( $ r e a d e r −>l o c a l N a m e === ’ p r i c e ’ ) { echo ’ c o s t s ’ . $ r e a d e r −>r e a d S t r i n g ( ) . ’ ’ . $ r e a d e r −>g e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ c u r r e n c y ’ ) . ” \\n” ; } } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 44 / 102

Reading XML III Output Book w i t h ID 1 c o s t s 3 5 . 9 5 Euro Book w i t h ID 2 c o s t s 3 9 . 9 5 Euro Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 45 / 102

Create XML I Creating $ w r i t e r = new XMLWriter ( ) ; $ w r i t e r −>o p e n U r i ( ’ s o u r c e s / x m l w r i t e r c r e a t e . xml ’ ) ; $ w r i t e r −>s e t I n d e n t S t r i n g ( ’ ’ ); $ w r i t e r −>s e t I n d e n t ( t r u e ) ; $ w r i t e r −>s t a r t D o c u m e n t ( ’ 1 . 0 ’ , ’UTF−8 ’ ) ; $ w r i t e r −>s t a r t E l e m e n t ( ’ d v d s h e l f ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 46 / 102

Create XML II Creating II $ w r i t e r −>s t a r t E l e m e n t ( ’ dvd ’ ) ; $ w r i t e r −>w r i t e A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ , ’ 1 ’ ) ; $ w r i t e r −>w r i t e E l e m e n t ( ’ t i t l e ’ , ’ S t a r Trek ’ ) ; $ w r i t e r −>e n d E l e m e n t ( ) ; // <dvd> $ w r i t e r −>f l u s h ( ) ; $ w r i t e r −>e n d E l e m e n t ( ) ; // <d v d s h e l f > $ w r i t e r −>endDocument ( ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 47 / 102

Create XML III Output <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e > B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 48 / 102

Reading XML I Reading $xml = s i m p l e x m l l o a d f i l e ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e . xml ’ ) ; foreach ( $xml−>book a s $book ) { echo ’ Book w i t h ID ’ . $book [ ’ i d ’ ] . ’ costs ’ . $book−>p r i c e . ’ ’ . $book−>p r i c e [ ’ c u r r e n c y ’ ] . ” \\n” ; } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 50 / 102

Reading XML II Output Book w i t h ID 1 c o s t s 3 5 . 9 5 Euro Book w i t h ID 2 c o s t s 3 9 . 9 5 Euro Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 51 / 102

Create XML I Creating $xml = new S i m p l e X m l E l e m e n t ( ’<d v d s h e l f ></d v d s h e l f > ’ ) ; $xml−>a d d C h i l d ( ’ dvd ’ ) ; $xml−>dvd [0]−> a d d A t t r i b u t e ( ’ i d ’ , 1 ) ; $xml−>dvd [0]−> a d d C h i l d ( ’ t i t l e ’ , ’ S t a r Trek ’ ) ; $xml−>asXML ( ’ s o u r c e s / s i m p l e x m l c r e a t e . xml ’ ) ; Output <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” ?> < d v d s h e l f><dvd i d=” 1 ”>< t i t l e >S t a r Trek</ t i t l e ></ dvd></ d v d s h e l f> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 52 / 102

Outline 1 XML 2 XML in PHP 3 XPath Overview Basics In depth Axis Predicates XPath in action Namespaces in RDF pQuery Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 53 / 102

Outline - XPath 1 XML 2 XML in PHP 3 XPath Overview Basics In depth Axis Predicates XPath in action Namespaces in RDF pQuery Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 54 / 102

Overview XPath Enables you to select information parts from XML documents. Traverse the XML tree Select XML nodes W3C recommendation Version 1: November 1999 Version 2: January 2007 Fields of application XSLT (XML Stylesheet Language Transformations) Fetching XML nodes within programming languages Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 55 / 102

XML example reminder <book id=”1”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </book> <book id=”2”> < t i t l e l a n g=” de ”>eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h</ t i t l e> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 9 . 9 5 </book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 56 / 102

Introductory example <book id=”1”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </book> <book id=”2”> < t i t l e l a n g=” de ”>eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h</ t i t l e> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 9 . 9 5 </book> 2 variants to fetch all books / b o o k s h e l f / book // book Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 56 / 102

Introductory example <book id=”1”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <author>A. Oram</author> <author>G. Wilson</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </book> <book id=”2”> < t i t l e l a n g=” de ”>eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h</ t i t l e> <author>T. Schlitt</author> <author>K. Nordmann</author> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 9 . 9 5 </book> 2 variants to fetch all authors / b o o k s h e l f / book / a u t h o r // a u t h o r Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 56 / 102

Addressing Every XPath expression matches a set of nodes (0..n) It encodes an “address” for the selected nodes Simple XPath expressions look similar to Unix ﬁle system addresses Two generally diﬀerent ways of addressing are supported Absolute addressing / b o o k s h e l f / book / t i t l e / b o o k s h e l f / book / a u t h o r Relative addressing book / a u t h o r ../ title Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 58 / 102

Contexts Every expression step creates a new context The next is evaluated in the context created by the previous one Contexts / b o o k s h e l f / book / t i t l e / resets the context to global bookshelf selects all <bookshelf> elements in the global context / creates a new context, all children of <bookshelf> book selects all <book> elements in this context / creates a new context, all children of selected <book>s title selects all < title > elements in this context → A set of all title element nodes. Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 59 / 102

Attributes Select attributes Prepend the attribute name with an @. Select all currency attributes / b o o k s h e l f / book / p r i c e / @ c u r r e n c y Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 60 / 102

Steps Navigation Navigation is not only possible in parent → child direction. Navigate to parent ../ / b o o k s h e l f / book / t i t l e / . . / a u t h o r Navigate to descendants // t i t l e / b o o k s h e l f / book // @ c u r r e n c y Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 61 / 102

Indexing Access nodes by position It is possible to access a speciﬁc node in a set by its position. Indexing / b o o k s h e l f / book [ 2 ] / b o o k s h e l f / book / a u t h o r [ 1 ] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 62 / 102

Indexing Access nodes by position It is possible to access a speciﬁc node in a set by its position. Indexing / b o o k s h e l f / book [ 2 ] / b o o k s h e l f / book / a u t h o r [ 1 ] Start index Indexing generally 1 based Some Internet Explorer versions start with 0 Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 63 / 102

Wildcards Wildcard search A wildcard represents a node of a certain type with arbitrary name. Wildcards / b o o k s h e l f /∗/ t i t l e / b o o k s h e l f / book /@∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 64 / 102

Union Union Union the node sets selected by multiple XPath expressions. Union / b o o k s h e l f / book / t i t l e | / b o o k s h e l f / book / a u t h o r Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 65 / 102

A ﬁrst PHP example Querying ﬁrst book title $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>l o a d ( ’ s o u r c e s / e x a m p l e . xml ’ ) ; $ x p a t h = new DOMXPath( $dom ) ; $ t i t l e s = $xpath −>q u e r y ( ’ / b o o k s h e l f / book [ 1 ] / t i t l e ’ ) ; echo ’ T i t l e o f f i r s t book i s ’ . $ t i t l e s −>i t e m ( 0 )−>n o d e V a l u e . ” \\n” ; Output T i t l e o f f i r s t book i s B e a u t i f u l c o d e Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 66 / 102

Second PHP example Querying all currencies // . . . $ c u r r e n c i e s = $xpath −>q u e r y ( ’ // p r i c e / @ c u r r e n c y ’ ) ; echo ” F o l l o w i n g c u r r e n c i e s o c c u r : \\ n” ; foreach ( $ c u r r e n c i e s as $currency ) { echo $ c u r r e n c y −>n o d e V a l u e . ” \\n” ; } Output Following c u r r e n c i e s occur : Euro Euro Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 67 / 102

XPath syntax 4 axis: An XPath query consists of child (default) steps attribute (@) Each step consists of: descendant-or-self (//) 1 an axis parent (..) 2 a node test Node tests: 3 a predicate name of the node (default) wildcard (*) Predicate: accessing a node by index Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 69 / 102

XPath syntax 4 axis: An XPath query consists of child (default) steps attribute (@) Each step consists of: descendant-or-self (//) 1 an axis parent (..) 2 a node test Node tests: 3 a predicate name of the node (default) wildcard (*) You already saw examples Predicate: accessing a node by index Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 69 / 102

XPath syntax 4 axis: An XPath query consists of child (default) steps attribute (@) Each step consists of: descendant-or-self (//) 1 an axis parent (..) 2 a node test Node tests: 3 a predicate name of the node (default) wildcard (*) You already saw examples Predicate: accessing a node by index Step syntax <a x i s >::< n o d e t e s t >[] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 69 / 102

Outline - In depth Axis Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 70 / 102

Axis 13 dimensions Imagine an XML document to be a 13 dimensional space... Axis Shortcut ancestor ancestor-or-self attribute @ child - descendant descendant-or-self // following following-sibling namespace parent .. preceding preceding-sibling self . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 71 / 102

Axis Axis syntax <a x i s n a m e >::< n o d e t e s t > Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 72 / 102

Axis Axis syntax <a x i s n a m e >::< n o d e t e s t > Child axis / b o o k s h e l f / book c h i l d : : b o o k s h e l f / c h i l d : : book Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 72 / 102

Axis Axis syntax <a x i s n a m e >::< n o d e t e s t > Descendant-or-self axis // book d e s c e n d a n t −or− s e l f : : book Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 72 / 102

Axis Axis syntax <a x i s n a m e >::< n o d e t e s t > Attribute axis // book / @id d e s c e n d a n t −or− s e l f : : book / a t t r i b u t e : : i d Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 72 / 102

Axis Axis syntax <a x i s n a m e >::< n o d e t e s t > Parent axis // book / @id / . . d e s c e n d a n t −or− s e l f : : book / a t t r i b u t e : : i d / p a r e n t : : node ( ) Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 72 / 102

Ancestor axis XPath with ancestor axis // t i t l e / a n c e s t o r : : ∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 73 / 102

Ancestor axis XPath with ancestor axis // t i t l e / a n c e s t o r : : ∗ Selected XML nodes <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <bookshelf> <book id=”1”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </book> <!−− . . . −−> </bookshelf> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 73 / 102

Following axis XPath with ancestor axis // book / f o l l o w i n g : : ∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 74 / 102

Following axis XPath with ancestor axis // book / f o l l o w i n g : : ∗ Selected XML nodes <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <!−− . . . −−> </ book> <book id=”2”> <title lang=”de”>eZ Components - Das Entwicklerhandbuch</title> <!– ... –> </book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 74 / 102

Following-sibling axis XPath with ancestor axis // book / f o l l o w i n g − s i b l i n g : : ∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 75 / 102

Following-sibling axis XPath with ancestor axis // book / f o l l o w i n g − s i b l i n g : : ∗ Selected XML nodes <? xml v e r s i o n=” 1 . 0 ” e n c o d i n g=”UTF−8” ?> <book i d=” 1 ”> < t i t l e l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ t i t l e > <!−− . . . −−> </ book> <book id=”2”> < t i t l e l a n g=” de ”>eZ Components − Das E n t w i c k l e r h a n d b u c h </ t i t l e > <!−− . . . −−> </book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 75 / 102

Namespace axis XPath with namespace axis namespace : : ∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 76 / 102

Namespace axis XPath with namespace axis namespace : : ∗ XML with namespaces <book i d=” 1 ”> < d c : t i t l e b o o k : l a n g=” en ”> B e a u t i f u l c o d e</ d c : t i t l e> <a u t h o r>A . Oram</ a u t h o r> <a u t h o r>G . W i l s o n</ a u t h o r> <y e a r>2007</ y e a r> 3 5 . 9 5 </ book> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 76 / 102

Outline - In depth Predicates Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 77 / 102

Predicate syntax You already saw indexing with numeric predicates Predicates can also be booleans Functions and operators allow ﬁne grained tests Predicate syntax <n o d e t e s t >[] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 78 / 102

Predicate examples Select all books with ID 1 // book [ @id = ’ 1 ’ ] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 79 / 102

Predicate examples Select all books that have any attribute at all // book [ @ ∗ ] // book /@ ∗ / . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 79 / 102

Predicate examples Select all books with price round 40 // book [ r o u n d ( p r i c e ) = 4 0 ] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 79 / 102

Predicate examples Select all authors with ﬁrst name initial T // book / a u t h o r [ s u b s t r i n g ( . , 1 , 1 ) = ’T ’ ] Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 79 / 102

Operator overview Mathematical operators +, −, ∗ Addition, subtraction, multiplication div Division mod Modulo operation Comparison operators = Check for equality != Check for inequality <, <= Less than and less than or equal >, >= Greater than and greater than or equal Logical operators or Logical or and Logical and Logical negation not() is a function in XPath! Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 80 / 102

Functions by example String functions string-join() Concatenates 2 strings substring() Extracts a part from a string Node set functions count() Returns number of nodes in a set position() Returns the position index of each node Boolean functions not() Negates the received boolean expression true() Boolean true Mathematical functions round() Rounds the given number to the next integer ﬂoor() Returns the next integer smaller than the given number Function overview An overview on all functions can be found on http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 81 / 102

Outline - XPath in action Namespaces in RDF Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 83 / 102

Find all namespaces in an RDF document RDF Resource Description Framework Semantic web Makes heavy usage of diﬀerent namespaces Complex variant / / ∗ [ name ( . ) = ’ r d f : D e s c r i p t i o n ’ ] / ∗ [ namespace−u r i ( . ) != namespace−u r i ( . . ) and namespace−u r i ( . ) != ’ ’ and namespace−u r i ( . ) != namespace−u r i ( p r e c e d i n g − sibling ::∗) ] Simpler variant / / ∗ [ name ( . ) = ’ r d f : D e s c r i p t i o n ’ ] / n a m e s p a c e s : : ∗ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 84 / 102

Outline - XPath in action pQuery Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 85 / 102

jQuery Cool JavaScript framework Allows selecting HTML elements by CSS selectors http://jquery.com/ Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 86 / 102

pQuery Little example class Models a tiny bits of jQuery, using DOM XPath Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 87 / 102

Example HTML <html> <head> < t i t l e>Some w e b s i t e</ t i t l e> </ head> <body> <h1>Some h e a d l i n e</h1> Some n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ” c l a s s=” i n t e r n a l ”>c o n t e n t</a >. <h1 i d=” s e c o n d ”>Second h e a d l i n e</h1> More n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ”>c o n t e n t</a> . </ body> </ html> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 88 / 102

Usage r e q u i r e ’ p q u e r y / p q u e r y . php ’ ; $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>f o r m a t O u t p u t = t r u e ; $dom−>loadHTMLFile ( ’ . . / e x a m p l e . h tm l ’ ) ; $q = new pQuery ( $dom ) ; $q−>q u e r y ( ’ h1#s e c o n d ’ ) ; $q−>a d d C l a s s ( ’ s o m e c l a s s ’ ) ; $dom−>saveHTMLFile ( ’ . . / p q u e r y s i m p l e . ht m l ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 89 / 102

The pQuery class c l a s s pQuery { p r o t e c t e d $dom ; protected $context ; p r o t e c t e d $xpath ; public function c o n s t r u c t ( DOMDocument $dom ) { $ t h i s −>dom = $dom ; $ t h i s −>c o n t e x t = a r r a y ( $dom−>documentElement ) ; $ t h i s −>x p a t h = new DOMXPath( $dom ) ; } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 90 / 102

Issueing a query // . . . p u b l i c f u nc t i o n query ( $ s t r i n g ) { $ x p a t h = $ t h i s −>c r e a t e X P a t h ( $ s t r i n g ) ; echo ” Q u e r y i n g w i t h XPath ’ $ x p a t h ’ . \\ n” ; $n ew C o n t e x t = a r r a y ( ) ; f o r e a c h ( $ t h i s −>c o n t e x t a s $node ) { $ n o d e L i s t = $ t h i s −>xpath −>q u e r y ( $xpath , $node ) ; f o r e a c h ( $ n o d e L i s t a s $newNode ) { $n ew Co nt ext [ ] = $newNode ; } } $ t h i s −>c o n t e x t = $ ne w C on t ex t ; } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 91 / 102

Creating XPath // . . . protected f u n c t i o n createXPath ( $ s t r i n g ) { $ p a r t s = explode ( ’ ’ , $ s t r i n g ) ; $xpath = array () ; foreach ( $par ts as $part ) { $ x p a t h [ ] = $ t h i s −>c r e a t e S i n g l e X P a t h ( $ p a r t ) ; } r e t u r n implode ( ’ | ’ , $xpath ) ; } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 92 / 102

Creating XPath part I // . . . protected function createSingleXPath ( $string ) { $parts = p r e g split ( ’ ((#|\\.) ) ’ , $string , −1, PREG SPLIT DELIM CAPTURE ); $ x p a t h = ’ // ’ ; // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 93 / 102

Creating XPath part II // . . . i f ( count ( $ p a r t s ) < 3 ) { $ x p a t h .= $ s t r i n g ; } else { $ x p a t h .= $ t h i s −>c r e a t e S e l e c t o r ( $ p a r t s ) ; } r e t u r n $xpath ; } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 94 / 102

Creating selector // . . . protected function c r e a t e S e l e c t o r ( array $parts ) { switch ( $parts [ 1 ] ) { case ’ . ’ : return $parts [0] . ’ [ contains ( @class , ” ’ . $parts [ 2 ] . ’” ) ] ’; break ; c a s e ’# ’ : return $parts [0] . ’ [ @id = ” ’ . $ p a r t s [ 2 ] . ’ ”] ’ ; break ; } } } Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 95 / 102

Adding a class I // . . . public function addClass ( $ c la s s ) { f o r e a c h ( $ t h i s −>c o n t e x t a s $node ) { i f ( $node−>nodeType !== XML ELEMENT NODE ) { continue ; } i f ( ! $node−>h a s A t t r i b u t e ( ’ c l a s s ’ ) ) { $ c l a s s e s = array () ; } else { $ c l a s s e s = explode ( ’ ’, $node−>g e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ c l a s s ’ ) ); } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 96 / 102

Adding a class II // . . . i f ( ! in array ( $class , $classes ) ) { $classes [] = $class ; } $node−>s e t A t t r i b u t e ( ’ class ’ , implode ( ’ ’ , $ c l a s s e s ) ); } } // . . . Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 97 / 102

Simple example r e q u i r e ’ p q u e r y / p q u e r y . php ’ ; $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>f o r m a t O u t p u t = t r u e ; $dom−>loadHTMLFile ( ’ . . / e x a m p l e . h tm l ’ ) ; $q = new pQuery ( $dom ) ; $q−>q u e r y ( ’ h1#s e c o n d ’ ) ; $q−>a d d C l a s s ( ’ s o m e c l a s s ’ ) ; $dom−>saveHTMLFile ( ’ . . / p q u e r y s i m p l e . ht m l ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 98 / 102

Simple example result <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ”−//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l //EN” ” h t t p : / /www . w3 . o r g /TR/REC−h t m l 4 0 / l o o s e . d t d ”> <html> <head> <meta h t t p −e q u i v=” Content −Type ” c o n t e n t=” t e x t / ht ml ; c h a r s e t= UTF−8”> < t i t l e>Some w e b s i t e</ t i t l e> </ head> <body> <h1>Some h e a d l i n e</h1> Some n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ” c l a s s=” i n t e r n a l ”>c o n t e n t</a >. <h1 i d=” s e c o n d ” c l a s s=” s o m e c l a s s ”>Second h e a d l i n e</h1> More n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ”>c o n t e n t</a> . </ body> </ html> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 99 / 102

Advanced example r e q u i r e ’ p q u e r y / p q u e r y . php ’ ; $dom = new DOMDocument ( ) ; $dom−>f o r m a t O u t p u t = t r u e ; $dom−>loadHTMLFile ( ’ . . / e x a m p l e . h tm l ’ ) ; $q = new pQuery ( $dom ) ; $q−>q u e r y ( ’ h1 a . i n t e r n a l ’ ) ; $q−>a d d C l a s s ( ’ c o o l c l a s s ’ ) ; $dom−>saveHTMLFile ( ’ . . / p q u e r y a d v a n c e d . ht m l ’ ) ; Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 100 / 102

Advanced example result <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ”−//W3C//DTD HTML 4 . 0 T r a n s i t i o n a l //EN” ” h t t p : / /www . w3 . o r g /TR/REC−h t m l 4 0 / l o o s e . d t d ”> <html> <head> <meta h t t p −e q u i v=” Content −Type ” c o n t e n t=” t e x t / ht ml ; c h a r s e t= UTF−8”> < t i t l e>Some w e b s i t e</ t i t l e> </ head> <body> <h1 c l a s s=” c o o l c l a s s ”>Some h e a d l i n e</h1> Some n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ” c l a s s=” i n t e r n a l c o o l c l a s s ”> c o n t e n t</a> . <h1 i d=” s e c o n d ” c l a s s=” c o o l c l a s s ”>Second h e a d l i n e</h1> More n i c e <a h r e f=” t e s t . ht m l ”>c o n t e n t</a> . </ body> </ html> Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 101 / 102

The end Thank you for listening! Are there any questions left? I hope you learned what you expected? Contact me: Tobias Schlitt <toby@php.net> Enjoy the conference! Tobias Schlitt (IPC SE 2009) XML and XPath with PHP 2009-05-29 102 / 102

XML and XPath with PHP

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