We take a look at challenges in implementing Renewable Energy to meet Green Building Requirements in Tall buildings. This paper also suggests possible solutions to meet these challenges through a case study and makes a case to review the existing Green Building guidelines with respect to Renewable Energy to make to effective and socially relevant.
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Challenges implementing Green Initiatives in Tall Buildings
1. Living in harmony with Nature
Challenges in implementing Renewable Energy
in Tall Buildings
June, 2016
Tejwant Navalkar
2. Living in harmony with Nature
RENEWABLE ENERGY – AN INTRODUCTION
GRIHA RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
LEED – NC RENEWABLE REQUIREMENTS
IGBC – GREEN HOMES REQUIREMENTS
CASE STUDY – A 240.7m tall Building
• Building Features
• Solar Hot Water Schematic
• Solar PV Requirements
• Challenges in implementing Renewable Energy
POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CASE STUDY for IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION
NEED TO REVIEW THE GREEN RATING APPROACH
AGENDA
3. Living in harmony with Nature
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS
SOLAR THERMAL SOLUTIONS
WIND TURBINE
BIO-GAS FOR COOKING & ELECTRICITY
GENERATIONC
RENEWABLE ENERGY : An Introduction
5. Living in harmony with Nature
CRITERIA – 6 (Outdoor Lighting) - 1 point
Minimum 25% of total outdoor lighting fixtures or
15% of total connected load, whichever is higher,
has to be provided with solar lighting
CRITERIA – 18 (Renewable Energy Utilization) - Max 5 points
Rated capacity of Renewable Energy system should
be minimum 1% of internal lighting and space
conditioning connected loads in the building
(MANDATORY)
Rated capacity of Renewable Energy system meets annual
energy requirements from 5% upto 30% of internal
lighting connected load (Upto 4 points)
GRIHA : RENEWABLE ENEGY REQUIRMENTS
6. Living in harmony with Nature
CRITERIA – 19 (Renewable Energy based Hot Water Generation)
- Max 3 point
Annual energy saved by Renewable Energy system is
20% to 50% of annual energy required for water heating
to meet the hot water requirement of the building.
(1 point)
Annual energy saved by Renewable Energy system is
50% to 70% of annual energy required for water heating
to meet the hot water requirement of the building.
(1 point)
Annual energy saved by Renewable Energy system is
above 70% of annual energy required for water heating
to meet the hot water requirement of the building.
(1 point)
GRIHA : RENEWABLE ENEGY REQUIRMENTS
7. Living in harmony with Nature
TOTAL POINTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
GRIHA : RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIRMENTS
Criteria Description Max points
Criteria – 6 Outdoor Lighting 1
Criteria – 18 Mandatory
Renewable
Energy Usage
1
Criteria – 18 Optional
Renewable
Energy Usage
4
Criteria – 19 Renewable
Energy based Hot
Water generation
3
TOTAL 9
This accounts for about 9% of the total 104 points for GRIHA
8. Living in harmony with Nature
GRIHA : RATING SYSTEM
Points Scored Rating
50 - 60
1 star
(*)
61 - 70
2 stars
(**)
71 - 80
3 stars
(***)
81 - 90
4 stars
(****)
91 - 100
5 stars
(*****)
10. Living in harmony with Nature
LEED – NC : RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
EA CREDIT – 2 (Renewable Energy Usage) - Max 3 point
Supply minimum 2.5% of the building’s total energy use
through use of on-site renewable energy systems.
(1 point)
Supply between 2.5% & 5% of the building’s total energy
through use of on-site renewable energy systems..
(1 point)
Supply between 5% & 7.5% of the building’s total energy
through the use of on-site renewable energy systems..
(1 point)
11. Living in harmony with Nature
LEED : RATING SYSTEM
Points Scored Rating
26-32 Certified
33-38 Silver
39-51 Gold
52-69 Platinum
Certified 26-32 points, Silver 33-38
points, Gold 39-51 points, Platinum
52-69 points
Renewable Energy accounts for about 4.5% of the total 69 points
for LEED
13. Living in harmony with Nature
IGBC – GREEN HOMES : RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
ENERGY CREDIT – 4 (Solar Water Heater) - Max 3 point
Provide solar water heating system to satisfy hot water
requirement for domestic purposes.
The minimum hot water requirement for domestic purposes
should be calculated for 25 litres per person per day.
Points are awarded as below:
Hot water through Solar Water Heater
as a percentage of the total Hot water
requirements
Points
50% 1
75% 2
95% 3
14. Living in harmony with Nature
IGBC – GREEN HOMES : RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
ENERGY CREDIT – 6.0 (On-Site Renewable Energy)
Max 4 points
Install renewable energy systems for atleast 2.5% of annual
consumption of the building.
Points are awarded as below:
Renewable Energy as a percentage of
the total annual consumption
Points
2.5 % 1
5.0 % 2
7.5 % 3
10.0 % 4
16. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200.47m Tall Building
The Proposed Residential Project is spread over
365,735 sq.ft of land and is located Central Mumbai.
The Project has the following features:
G + Podium floor(5nos) + atrium + 59floors
with 2BHK, 3BHK and 4BHK flats and 5BHK
(Penthouses)
Sale Building having height of approximately
240.7m
17. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200m Tall Building
BASIC PROJECT DATA :
Built-up Area : Approximately 44,700 sqm
Terrace Area : About 400 sqm in two levels
Total Flats : 148 (Mix of 2BHK, 3BHK, 4BHK & Penthouses)
Expected occupancy : 1100
Total Water Requirements : 140,000 litres/day
Hot Water Requirements : 55,000 litres/ day
Building Lighting & Conditioning Connected Load : 3,800KW
Internal Lighting Connected Load : 2018KW
Total Outdoor & Façade Lighting : 60KW
18. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200m Tall Building
GRIHA RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIRMENTS for the BUILDING :
Criteria Description Renewable
Energy Required
Criteria – 6 Outdoor Lighting 10 KW
Criteria – 18 Mandatory
Renewable
Energy Usage
38 KW
Criteria – 18 Optional
Renewable
Energy Usage
60 KW
Criteria – 19 Renewable
Energy based Hot
Water generation
55,000 Litres Solar
Heater
19. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200m Tall Building
LEED-NC RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIRMENTS for the BUILDING :
Criteria Description Renewable
Energy
Required
EA CREDIT – 2 2.5% of Maximum
Demand
50 KW
EA CREDIT – 2 5% of Maximum
Demand
100 KW
EA CREDIT – 2 7.5% of Maximum
Demand
150 KW
Internal Lighting Connected Load :
2018KW
20. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200m Tall Building
IGBC GREEN HOMES RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIRMENTS for the
BUILDING :
Criteria Description Renewable
Energy
Required
Energy Credit – 4.0 Use of Solar Water
heater
55,000 solar
heater
Energy Credit 6.0 10% of Maximum
Demand
200 KW
21. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200m Tall Building
CONSTRAINTS IN IMPLEMENTING RENEWABLE ENERGY :
Limited Terrace Area (400sqm in two levels)
• This can accommodate 7,000 litres solar heater OR
• This can accommodate 20 KW Solar PV Panels (Mandatory
requirement for GRIHA itself is 38KW)
Tall building casts shadow on solar panels if mounted at the
podium level
Intermediate Break pressure Hot water tanks required to be
installed at each of the fire break floors
Circulating pumps required between solar heater and the
intermediate hot water tanks
Re-Circulating pumps required for each hot water tank to
ensure instant hot water at the tap
22. Living in harmony with Nature
CASE STUDY – 200.47m Tall Building
CONSTRAINTS IN IMPLEMENTING RENEWABLE ENERGY :
With multiple toilet shafts for each flat, measurement of hot
water consumption not practicable
Solar Lighting system shaded by shadow cast by the Tall
building
Close density of trees required as per Green Rating system,
these cast shadow on solar street lights
Long cable lengths from the Terrace to the main LT
distribution panel
24. Living in harmony with Nature
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN IMPLEMENTING
RENEWABLE ENERGY in TALL BUILDINGS :
Provide covered shades fitted with Solar PV
modules over Swimming Pools
Use of Integrated Building PV modules on
vertical faces of the Building.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (1/2)
25. Living in harmony with Nature
ALLOW CREATION OF OFF-SITE RENEWABLE SOLUTIONS :
The building proponent creates Renewable Energy facilities
at an off-site location.
The extent of Renewable Energy usage created in the off-
site location is adjusted against the short-fall in the tall
building under consideration
This off-site creation should be viewed as equivalent to
having created an on-site solution.
The Renewable Energy points would thus be gained by the
building proponent at the current location
This would ensure that a Tall Building does not lose upto
9% under GRIHA or upto 4.35% due to constraints
imposed by a Tall Building
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (2/2)
27. Living in harmony with Nature
SHIKSHAN KENDRA FOR ADIVASIS :
Shikshan Kendra, in the heart of the tribal villages of
Dahanu District, promotes children education and provides
day care center for young toddlers from 0-4 years.
The centre also provides pre-primary education to children
from nearby villages.
A teachers training program, is also being conducted here,
for whom a residential hostel with a mess is provided.
Other self sustaining and revenue generation activities like
printing press, screen printing, painting programs, farming
and many others are conducted here.
Major problem is frequent electricity outages for 6-8 hours
a day during summer. Thus the inmates of this campus of
deprived of electricity to study and carry the activities
CASE STUDY : OFF-SITE ADJUSTMENT
29. Living in harmony with Nature
ELECTRICAL LOADS FOR SHIKSHAN KENDRA FOR ADIVASIS :
CASE STUDY : OFF-SITE ADJUSTMENT
30. Living in harmony with Nature
HOT WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIKSHAN KENDRA :
CASE STUDY : OFF-SITE ADJUSTMENT
Sr No Description Hot Water
(Litres/day)
1 Domestic Use 5,000
2 Kitchen 1,500
3 Laundry 1,000
TOTAL 7,500
31. Living in harmony with Nature
RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENT AT SHIKSHAN KENDRA :
CASE STUDY : OFF-SITE ADJUSTMENT
Sr No Description Renewable
Energy
1 Solar Photovoltaic System 100 KW
2 Solar Water Heater 10,000 litrres
By installing the above Renewable Energy solutions at the off-site
location, the Building proponent would be able to :
Meet the GRIHA Mandatory requirement
Get additional 6 points under GRIHA Criteria 6, 18 & 19
OR Get additional 2 points under LEED EA Credit – 2
OR Get additional 4 points under IGBC Green Homes
Credit 4.0 and Credit 6.0
33. Living in harmony with Nature
ALLOW CREATION OF OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS
TO OFFSET RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF TALL URBAN
BUILDINGS :
By Village electrification.
By Providing electrification to urban and semi-urban centres,
suffering from frequent power outages.
By Creating Renewable Solutions in townships.
Through Creation of Solar or Wind Installations to upload
Renewable Energy to the Grid.
NEED TO REVIEW GREEN RATINGS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
34. Living in harmony with Nature
Tejwant Navalkar : +91-9821411436
tmndfx@dfxsystems.org
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