Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Coring and Sampling Fred Palumbo Core Laboratories, LP Petroleum Services Division

New Horizons, Evolving Challenges, Difficult Samples to Acquire! Wells “Pushing” the Technology Envelope Higher pressures, temperatures Deep formations Ultra-Deepwater Wells Mud Filtrate Contamination Complex hydrocarbons Flow assurance issues Hydrocarbon Solids Heavy Oils Compartmentalization Fluid Contacts within Sample Interval Unconventional Reservoirs Heterogeneities Alternating rock types, Sand-Shale-Carbonates Varied Hardness and Densities, Cemented-Friable-Unconsolidated Fractured and Vuggular Rocks

Wells “Pushing” the Technology Envelope

Higher pressures, temperatures

Deep formations

Ultra-Deepwater Wells

Mud Filtrate Contamination

Complex hydrocarbons

Flow assurance issues

Hydrocarbon Solids

Heavy Oils

Compartmentalization

Fluid Contacts within Sample Interval

Unconventional Reservoirs

Heterogeneities

Alternating rock types, Sand-Shale-Carbonates

Varied Hardness and Densities, Cemented-Friable-Unconsolidated

Fractured and Vuggular Rocks

The Importance of Proper Core Processing The reliability of the petrophysical measurements, made in the laboratory, is dependent upon the quality of the core and fluid sampling.

The reliability of the petrophysical measurements, made in the laboratory, is dependent upon the quality of the core and fluid sampling.

Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Reservoir Fluids Sampling Downhole Coring and Sampling Objectives: Single Phase Fluid In situ Pressure Constant Volume In situ Temperature “ Clean” Sample No filtrate Downhole Analysis Infrared CQ Multiple Samples Sufficient Volumes

Objectives:

Single Phase Fluid

In situ Pressure

Constant Volume

In situ Temperature

“ Clean” Sample

No filtrate

Downhole Analysis

Infrared CQ

Multiple Samples

Sufficient Volumes

Formation Fluids Test Sampling Core Lab

Pumps & Pipes 1 Drill Cuttings Downhole Coring and Sampling Objectives: Formation “Rocks” Issues Depth Control Subjective Cross Contamination Mechanical Alteration Value Mineralogy Texture Continuous Sequence

Objectives:

Formation “Rocks”

Issues

Depth Control

Subjective

Cross Contamination

Mechanical Alteration

Value

Mineralogy

Texture

Continuous Sequence

Pumps & Pipes 1 Percussion Sidewall Coring Tools Downhole Coring and Sampling Rocks at Depth On Wire line On Drill pipe “ Shot” into formation Black powder charge Multiple Samples Groups of 30-50 Issues? Fractured, Compacted “ Mud-shot”

Rocks at Depth

On Wire line

On Drill pipe

“ Shot” into formation

Black powder charge

Multiple Samples

Groups of 30-50

Issues?

Fractured, Compacted

“ Mud-shot”

Pumps & Pipes 1 Drilled-Rotary Sidewall Coring Tools Downhole Coring and Sampling Rocks at Depth On Wire line On Drill pipe “ Drilled” into formation Controlled parameters RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit Multiple Samples Groups of 30-50 Issues? Limited to cemented rock Otherwise GREAT! Baker Atlas

Rocks at Depth

On Wire line

On Drill pipe

“ Drilled” into formation

Controlled parameters

RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit

Multiple Samples

Groups of 30-50

Issues?

Limited to cemented rock

Otherwise GREAT!

Rotary Core Receiving Tube

“ Conventional” Coring Continuous Cylindrical Section of formation On Drill pipe On Wire line “ Drilled” into formation Controlled parameters RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit Multiple Lengths, Extended Cores 30’ intervals (30, 60, 90…) Requires proper tool for rock type Unconsolidated, Friable, Cemented, Fractured Special Barrels Inner Sleeves, Sponge Core, Full Closure, Pressure Retained, Oriented Core Trip out of the hole requires planning “ The Bends”

Continuous Cylindrical Section of formation

On Drill pipe

On Wire line

“ Drilled” into formation

Controlled parameters

RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit

Multiple Lengths, Extended Cores

30’ intervals (30, 60, 90…)

Requires proper tool for rock type

Unconsolidated, Friable, Cemented, Fractured

Special Barrels

Inner Sleeves, Sponge Core, Full Closure, Pressure Retained, Oriented Core

Trip out of the hole requires planning

“ The Bends”

High Quality Cores Require PLANNING CT image cross-section of 4” OD core in liner Damage due to rapid gas expansion; fast trip Gas bubbles forming “ Critical Gas” bubbles coalescing Tremendous gas expansion

“ Conventional” Coring Baker Hugh Inteq Coring Mode Core Retrieval Mode Outer Core Barrel Full-Closure Core Catcher Core Bit Core Core

Specialized Coring Tools Wire line Coring Coring While Drilling Pressure Core System Full Closure System Oriented Coring JamBuster sm Tool Sponge Core Barrel Gel Coring SM System

Wire line Coring

Coring While Drilling

Pressure Core System

Full Closure System

Oriented Coring

JamBuster sm Tool

Sponge Core Barrel

Gel Coring SM System

Specialized Coring Tools Wire line Coring Coring While Drilling Sample on demand Pressure Core System Pressure Retained Barrel In situ saturation In situ pressure

Wire line Coring

Coring While Drilling

Sample on demand

Pressure Core System

Pressure Retained Barrel

In situ saturation

In situ pressure

Specialized Coring Tools Full Closure Systems Full closure catchers and inner barrel liners Unconsolidated rocks Fractured rocks

Full closure catchers and inner barrel liners

Unconsolidated rocks

Fractured rocks

Specialized Coring Tools Directional Sampling Oriented Coring Directional features Fractures, bedding orientation Directional-horizontal drilling Well placement

Oriented Coring

Directional features

Fractures, bedding orientation

Directional-horizontal drilling

Well placement

Specialized Coring Tool Fractured Reservoirs Sleeved Cores JamBuster sm Telescoping sleeves 2 restarts

Sleeved Cores

JamBuster sm

Telescoping sleeves

2 restarts

Specialized Coring Tools Sponge Core Analysis

Specialized Coring Tools Gel Core Sleeved Cores Gel Cores Minimize filtrate invasion Preserve core wettability “ fresh-state” testing

Sleeved Cores

Gel Cores

Minimize filtrate invasion

Preserve core wettability

“ fresh-state” testing

Pumps & Pipes 1 Downhole Coring and Sampling The “Future” of Downhole Coring and Sampling VERY Remote Locations! Lunar Polar Coring Lander Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin Thank you!