ENBE Final Project Report

Content:
1. Introduction
2. A Town : Investigation on Better Township or Town or City Guidelines and
Issues
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns/cities
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township
6. The New “X” Town / Or the new name
7. The Conclusion
8. Reference
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1.Introduction
With most of the world living in cities, urban space is going to be at a premium, so
we need to design ingenious and important ways to create public gathering spaces
This project will be focusing on the component of a town and built environment . We
need to propose a new layout for a new “X” town to solve the problem of
population it is too crowed . The future town should focus on the needs of the
residents , the facilities , infrastructures , and how it will sustain itself in the future . To
plan for the future town we should refer to the past and learn from the past to plan a
better future town.
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2.The Town
-A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.
-A town is usually a place with a lot of houses, but not a city. As with cities, there is
more than one way to say what a town is in different countries. In some places, it is a
kind of local government.
-Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor identified five types of town:
1. Infantile towns –with no clear zoning
2. Juvenile towns – which have developed an area of shops
3. Adolescent towns –where factories have started to appear
4. Early mature towns –with a separate area of high-class housing
5 . Mature towns – defined industrial , commercial and various types of
residential area.
History of a town
A town is not just an overgrown village. It has its own economy. Goods are made
and traded there. So a good site might be on a bend in a navigable river, or beside
a river crossing. The development of towns is generally complex. In those of our
historic towns not too mangled by Blitz or boom, you can trace the growth from
medieval core through belts of Georgian, Victorian and modern buildings, almost
like tree rings. Check your conclusions with a series of town maps. The date and
magnificence of churches, public buildings and places of entertainment give other
clues to the periods of greatest prosperity.
Towns generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing,
and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction
between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also
presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big town or metropolis usually has
associated suburbs and exurbs. Such towns are usually associated with metropolitan
areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban
centers for employment.
What makes a good town?
Town are for all people. Public places are where all can share in the good of the
town. A town public space should make all the people that live in the town happy.
Making people happy requires that they have dignity, are treated equally, and
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have hope. A town that can give all the needs of the people ,the facilities ,
infrastructures and how it will sustain itself in the future .
3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities / towns
Classical Athens
History of Classical Athens
Rise to power (508–448 BC)
Hippias - of the Peisistratid family - established a dictatorship in 514 BC, which proved
very unpopular, although it established stability and prosperity, and was eventually
overthrown with the help of an army from Sparta, in 511/510 BC. The radical
politician of aristocratic background (the Alcmaeonid family), Cleisthenes, then took
charge and established democracy in Athens. The reforms of Cleisthenes replaced
the traditional four Ionic "tribes" (phyle) with ten new ones, named after legendary
heroes of Greece and having no class basis, which acted as electorates. Each tribe
was in turn divided into three trittyes (one from the coast; one from the city and one
from the inland divisions), while each trittys had one or more demes (see deme)—
depending on their population—which became the basis of local government. The
tribes each selected fifty members by lot for the Boule, the council which governed
Athens on a day-to-day basis. The public opinion of voters could be influenced by
the political satires written by the comic poets and performed in the city theaters.The
Assembly or Ecclesia was open to all full citizens and was both a legislature and a
supreme court, except in murder cases and religious matters, which became the
only remaining functions of the Areopagus. Most offices were filled by lot, although
the ten strategoi (generals) were elected.Early Athenian coin, 5th century BC. British
Museum.Prior to the rise of Athens, Sparta, a city-state with a militaristic culture,
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considered itself the leader of the Greeks, and enforced an hegemony. In 499 BC
Athens sent troops to aid the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, who were rebelling against
the Persian Empire (see Ionian Revolt). This provoked two Persian invasions of
Greece, both of which were repelled under the leadership of the soldier-statesmen
Miltiades and Themistocles (see Persian Wars). In 490 the Athenians, led by Miltiades,
prevented the first invasion of the Persians, guided by king Darius I, at the Battle of
Marathon. In 480 the Persians returned under a new ruler, Xerxes I. The Hellenic
League led by the Spartan King Leonidas led 7,000 men to hold the narrow
passageway of Thermopylae against the 100,000-250,000 army of Xerxes, during
which time Leonidas and 300 other Spartan elites were killed. Simultaneously the
Athenians led an indecisive naval battle off Artemisium. However, this delaying
action was not enough to discourage the Persian advance which soon marched
through Boeotia, setting up Thebes as their base of operations, and entered southern
Greece. This forced the Athenians to evacuate Athens, which was taken by the
Persians, and seek the protection of their fleet. Subsequently the Athenians and their
allies, led by Themistocles, defeated the Persian navy at sea in the Battle of Salamis.
It is interesting to note that Xerxes had built himself a throne on the coast in order to
see the Greeks defeated. Instead, the Persians were routed. Sparta's hegemony was
passing to Athens, and it was Athens that took the war to Asia Minor. These victories
enabled it to bring most of the Aegean and many other parts of Greece together in
the Delian League, an Athenian-dominated alliance.
Athenian hegemony (448–430 BC)
Pericles—an Athenian general, politician and orator—distinguished himself above
the other personalities of the era, men who excelled in politics, philosophy,
architecture, sculpture, history and literature. He fostered arts and literature and
gave to Athens a splendor which would never return throughout its history. He
executed a large number of public works projects and improved the life of the
citizens. Hence, he gave his name to the Athenian Golden Age. Silver mined in
Laurium in southeastern Attica contributed greatly to the prosperity of this "Golden"
Age of Athens.During the time of the ascendancy of Ephialtes as leader of the
democratic faction, Pericles was his deputy. When Ephialtes was assassinated by
personal enemies, Pericles stepped in and was elected general, or strategos, in 445
BC; a post he held continuously until his death in 429 BC, always by election of the
Athenian Assembly.
Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)
The modern National Academy in Athens, with Apollo and Athena on their columns,
and Socrates and Plato seated in front.Resentment by other cities at the hegemony
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of Athens led to the Peloponnesian War in 431, which pitted Athens and her
increasingly rebellious sea empire against a coalition of land-based states led by
Sparta. The conflict marked the end of Athenian command of the sea. The war
between Athens and the city-state Sparta ended with an Athenian defeat after
Sparta started its own navy.Athenian democracy was briefly overthrown by the
coup of 411, brought about because of its poor handling of the war, but it was
quickly restored. The war ended with the complete defeat of Athens in 404. Since
the defeat was largely blamed on democratic politicians such as Cleon and
Cleophon, there was a brief reaction against democracy, aided by the Spartan
army (the rule of the Thirty Tyrants). In 403, democracy was restored by Thrasybulus
and an amnesty declared.
Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League (395–355 BC)
Sparta's former allies soon turned against her due to her imperialist policies, and
Athens's former enemies, Thebes and Corinth, became her allies. Argos, Thebes and
Corinth, allied with Athens, fought against Sparta in the decisive Corinthian War of
395 BC–387 BC. Opposition to Sparta enabled Athens to establish a Second
Athenian League. Finally Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 in the Battle of Leuctra.
However, other Greek cities, including Athens, turned against Thebes, and its
dominance was brought to an end at the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) with the
death of its leader, the military genius Epaminondas.
Athens under Macedon (355–322 BC)
Further information: Alexander the Great, Antipatrid dynasty and Antigonid dynasty
By mid century, however, the northern kingdom of Macedon was becoming
dominant in Athenian affairs, despite the warnings of the last great statesman of
independent Athens, Demosthenes. In 338 BC the armies of Philip II defeated Athens
at the Battle of Chaeronea, effectively limiting Athenian independence. Athens and
other states became part of the League of Corinth. Further, the conquests of his son,
Alexander the Great, widened Greek horizons and made the traditional Greek city
state obsolete. Antipater dissolved the Athenian government and established a
plutocratic system in 322 BC (see Lamian War and Demetrius Phalereus). Athens
remained a wealthy city with a brilliant cultural life, but ceased to be an
independent power.In the 2nd century BC, following the Battle of Corinth (146 BC),
Greece was absorbed into the Roman Republic as part of the Achaea Province,
concluding 200 years of Macedonian supremacy.
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Athens was the largest city in Greece, and controlled a region called Attica.
Between the many mountains were fertile valleys, with many farms. Athens became
rich because Attica also had valuable sources of silver, lead and marble. Athens
also had the biggest navy in Greece.Athens was a beautiful and busy city. People
came to the city from all over Greece, and from other countries, to study and to
trade. The city's most famous building was the temple called the Parthenon. It stood
on a rocky hill called the Acropolis. Inside the Parthenon stood a statue of the city's
protector-goddess Athena.
Present Towns / township
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AMSTERDAM.
History of AMSTERDAM
-The Origins of Amsterdam
Amsterdam emerged from this mists of the Low Countries in about 1200 , on a watery
site at the mouth of the Amstel river . It was a settlement of fisherfolk before turning
to trade . The first permanent dwellings were built on terps , man-made mounds high
enough to provide protection from flood water . As the settlement grew combat
,with feudal struggles between the Lords van Amstel and the counts of Holland , who
had the backing of the all-powerful bishops of Utrecht . This rivalry continued into
the next century.
-Medieval Amsterdam
The little town at the mouth of the Amstel fortified itself against both its enemies and
the surrounding water .Amsterdam grew rich quickly after the discovery of a method
of curing herring in 1385 , which preserved the fish longer , enabling it to be
exported. The town became a port for handling beer from Hamburg. Elaborate
waterside houses with warehouses attached were used to service the trade . The
Low Countries were under the rules of the Dukes of Burgundy , and control passed
by marriage to the Austrian Habsburgs.
-The Age of Intolerance
By 1550, Amsterdam had outpaced rivals to become the main power in the
province of Holland . Trade in the Baltic provided wealth and the city grew rapidly .
Spain’s Habsburgs rulers tried to halt the Protestant Reformation sweeping northern
Europe . Dutch resistance to Philip II of Spain resulted in 8 years of civil war and
religious strife .Amsterdam sided with Spain but switched loyalties in 1578 – an event
known as the Alteration – to become the fiercely Protestant capital of an infant
Dutch Republic.
-The Golden Age of Amsterdam
The 17th
century was truly a Golden Age for Amsterdam . The population soared
;three great canals ,bordered by splendid houses , were built in a triple ring round
the city ; and scores of painters and architects were at work .Fortunes were made
and lost , and this early capitalism produced paupers who were cared for by
charitable institutions – a radical idea for the time. In 1648 , an uneasy peace was
formalized with Catholic Spain , causing tension between Amsterdam’s Calvinist
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burgomasters and the less religious Houses of Orange , dominant elsewhere in the
country.
-The Golden Age Overseas
Supremacy in the Netherlands led to success overseas for Amsterdam . The Dutch
colonized the Indonesian Archipelago ,establishing a profitable empire based on
spice trading in the East . The Dutch East India Company (VOC) thrived , using vast
wooden ships called East Indiamen . In the New world ,the Dutch ruled large parts
of Brazil and bought Manhattan from its native owners , naming it New Amsterdam .
However , war with England radically trimmed Dutch sea-power by the end of 17th
century.
-The Age of Consolidation
Though the Dutch Empire declined , the Netherlands remained wealthy .
Amsterdam’s ships became commercial cargo carries and by the mid-18th
century ,
the city was the world’s financial capital . Tolerance prevailed and the city was
flooded with immigrants , including Jews from all across Europe .Dissatisfaction with
the ruling Houses of Orange intensified ;although Prussian troops crushed a Patriot
uprising in 1787 , the Patriots established a short-lived republic , with French backing ,
only to see Napoleon take over , making his brother Louis king of the Netherlands.
-The Age of Industrialization
By the end of Louis Napoleon’s rule .Amsterdam had stagnated . The decline
continued, with little sign of enterprise and scant investment .Industrialization
came late and attempts to review the city’s fortunes by digging a canal to the
North Sea were less than effective .Politically , the country regrouped round the
Houses of Orange , bringing the family back from exile and declaring a monarchy in
1813. The mid-century saw growth of the liberal constitution ; by 1900 the Socialist
tradition was well established.
-Amsterdam at War
The Netherlands remained neutral in World War 1. After the war ,political unrest was
rife and the city council embarked on a program me of new housing projects and,
in the 1930s ,the Amsterdam Bos was created to counter unemployment . When
World War 2 broke out. The Netherlands again opted for neutrality – only to be
invaded by Germany . The early 1940s were bitter years , and many died of
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starvation in the winter of ’44-5 .During this time , most of the Jewish population was
deported ; many , like Anne Frank ‘tried to avoid detection by going into hiding.
-Amsterdam Today
After World War 2, Amsterdam suffered a series of social problems; its tolerance
made it a haven for the 1960s hippy culture ,it became a centre of drug use and
trafficking , and the left-wing Provos challenged social order . In the 1970s ,riots over
squatting and urban redevelopment led to measures that alleviated the social issues
.Now Amsterdam is again a tranquil city for all to visit .Programmes of urban
expansion and sympathetic architectural developments have made the city an
exciting hub of modernity.
AMSTERDAM play an important part in effecting the transition to sustainability. They
cover just 2% of the earth’s surface, but cities are already home to more than 50% of
the world’s population and they account for 80% of the greenhouse gases
produced. This also means that cities will have to make the difference. The city has
the people, the expertise, the creativity, and the wherewithal – economically and
otherwise – to take the step on the path towards sustainability.
The 4 points that makes Amsterdam a sustainable city:
• Climate and energy : through energy savings, locally produced sustainable
energy and efficient use of fossils we reduce the CO2 emission within the city.
• Mobility and air quality : Amsterdam will be a reachable city under the
condition that our transport system will be sustainable.
• Sustainable innovative economy : (inter)national companies choose our city
because doing sustainable business in Amsterdam is worthwhile.
• Materials and consumers : Amsterdam is a livable city where citizens and
companies are using raw materials in an effective way, living in a sustainable
way and where the municipal organization gives the right example.
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Amsterdam residents enjoy a good quality of life. The City of Amsterdam places a lot
of focus on living healthy, including promoting sporting activities and cycling,
investing in sustainable initiatives like Green Roofs and recharging stations for electric
automobiles.
The City of Amsterdam strongly believes that it’s primarily the responsibility of the city
itself to develop and implement specific urban solutions in order to realize this
transition towards sustainability. And especially because urban areas – like the
Amsterdam Metropolitan Area, are uniquely positioned to lead the greening of the
global economy through improvements in transport, energy, buildings, technology,
water and waste systems, as well as producing a wide range of economic and
social benefits. So it’s the responsibility of the city to develop urban solutions.
Amsterdam urban solutions :
 Urban planning
 Energy, Waste, Water
 Sustainable mobility
 Amsterdam sustainability index: insight into performance
 Sustainable finance and public private partnerships
-Energetic Urban planning
The City of Amsterdam has ambitious goals as to become climate neutral. This will
only be possible through a structured approach to both new and existing
neighbourhoods. Following steps from the New Stepped Strategy and using the
methodology of Energy Potential Mapping (EPM), the Amsterdam Guide to
Energetic Urban Planning (in Dutch: Leidraad Energetische Stedenbouw, LES) must
become the manual that will support urban area (re)development towards energy
neutrality. The Guide clarifies local Amsterdam energy potentials, both natural and
anthropogenic, and gives an extensive overview of measures and data to be used
for the sustainable provision of electricity, heat and cold. This is presented in a very
tangible manner, practical to urban planners, architects, housing corporations,
developers, public institutions and politician. The Amsterdam Guide has been tested
on two sites, one to be newly constructed and another to be redeveloped, and the
incremental approach proved worthwhile, enabling energy neutrality in both cases.
The Guide has incited discussions on both short-term actions and long-term visions
needed to facilitate real climate neutrality in the city of Amsterdam. Recently, the
European Commission has approved a project in which partners from 6 European
cities work actually on implementing the new filosophy from LES.
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-Energy strategy
The City Council’s objective is to reduce CO2 emissions by 40% by 2025, compared
to the 1990 baseline. Amsterdam works according to the principle of the Trias
Energetica,2 an approach that leads to optimum reductions in CO₂ emissions. Three
tracks are being pursued simultaneously in order to establish a sustainable energy
supply: energy savings, sustainable energy production and more efficient use of
energy from fossil fuel. Examples are wind energy , solar energy .
-Sustainable mobility
(Bicycle City)
Bikes are seen as the poor man's vehicle in many countries. However, this is not the
case in the Netherlands and in particular, in Amsterdam. The bicycle is simply the
fastest, most flexible and fun way to get around. It is embedded in our culture.
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Inhabitants of Amsterdam together cycle 2 million km daily. 73% of all inhabitants
owns a bicycle. The share of bicycle in the choice of transport in Amsterdam is 39%;
public transport 24% and car 37%. There is 513 km of separated bicycle lanes in
Amsterdam.
-Green building
(Green Wall and Green Roof)
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The future of towns and Better Towns
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
No cars, no waste, no pollution. Doable? Such a city is slated to rise from the oil-rich
grounds in Abu Dhabi. Masdar, which means "the source" in Arabic, is a $22-billion
undertaking that could be the world's first carbon-neutral city [source: Masdar].
Masdar's sustainable urban development will take advantage of wind, hydrogen
and solar-photovoltaic energy sources. Wastewater will be treated and recycled
into irrigation systems.
In addition, Masdar's transportation goals are ambitious. Fossil-fuel burning cars are
banned from the city in lieu of an electric personal light-rail system -- small,
programmable cars that run only when you need to go somewhere, and a
pedestrian-friendly city layout.
Masdar is already under construction and will develop over several phases, with
completion expected in 2016 [source Inhabitat]. Up to 50,000 people are expected
to live in Masdar, and the first residents will likely move in sometime during 2009
[CNET].
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The time of the carbon-neutral city is upon us. And if these projects make the jump
from paper to reality successfully, they might even earn a spot on our list of existing
amazing green cities.
6. The New X Town→ EMPIRE
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Malaysia is getting crowded by the day due to the sudden wave of
immigrants into the country for job opportunities. As a result, the original Malaysians
are losing their stand in the working field causing a quite imbalance in the Malaysian
society.
Thus, as a mayor I plan to build a new town for a more sustainable future for
the left outs. This new town will have a river flowing through as rivers are the
beginning of all early human civilization.
This town will put its focus on the economy field. Strategies on developing the
industrial, agriculture and business fields will be looked up widely while planning the
town.
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Additionally, green spaces will be located in the new town to give it a green
look and to make it environmentally sustainable. Different strategies will also be
implemented in the new town such as bicycle tracks, green walls and green roofs.
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TRANSPORTATION
-LRT
Near with RESIDENTIAL AREA,RECREATIONAL AREA & THE HEART OF THE TOWN.
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-MONORAIL
In THE HEART OF THE TOWN.
-TRAIN
Train for the long distance journey and transport service.
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-BIKES
A bicycle-friendly town. No any cars.
-Segway
The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing, battery-powered electric
vehicle.
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-Airport
Sustainable Approaches
-Waste Management
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-Self-Sufficiency
-Renewable Energy
-Green Wall
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•
•

-Green Roof
EMPIRE also will Provide：
-Central Business District(CBD)
The term "central business district" refers to the central district of a city, usually typified
by a concentration of retail and office buildings.
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•

-Agriculture & Industry Manufacture
Good development of Agriculture and Industry Manufacture will increase income of
the town.
-Port Industry
With the rapid development of commerce globalization, transportation is becoming
more and more important . A good waterway transport will be provided in the
Empire Town to earn money. So,this will be the main source of economic for the
EMPIRE town.
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EMPIRE will provided a safe, sustainable , and eco-friendly environment for residents
to live long life.
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7.Conclusion
This project is a good experience for me to experience the scope
of work as an urban planner and how town planning works and
sustainability of a town can create a better living for the years to
come. Besides , I also understand how to communicate ideas
through observation and using different media , tools ,techniques
to present information of the study of natural and built
environment.
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8.Reference Links
1. http://www.buildinghistory.org
2. http://www.iamsterdam.com
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3. http://www.naturallifenetwork.com
4. http://science.howstuffworks.com
5.http://www.wikipedia.org
6. file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/How_to_make_a_city_great_v2%20(1).pdf
7. http://www.fastcoexist.com
8. Walsh, Bryan (25 January 2011). "Masdar City: The World's Greenest City?". Time.
Retrieved 8 September 2013
9.http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victoria.ca%2Fcityhall
%2Fcurrentprojects_dockside.shtml&h=xAQG3dePu
10.
11.
12.
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ENBE Final Project Report