“All upright Germans will be National Socialists”from speeches to actionTimothy HensleyResearch LibrarianVirginia Holocaust Museum

The Rise of the Third ReichHow a street gang seized control of Germany

Versailles Treaty Military restrictions (no manufacturing, importing, exporting military hardware) Monetary reparations (226 billion marks, reduced to 132 billion in 1921) Commodity reparations (coal, steel, agriculture, intellectual property)

Military restrictions (no manufacturing, importing, exporting military hardware)

Monetary reparations (226 billion marks, reduced to 132 billion in 1921)

Commodity reparations (coal, steel, agriculture, intellectual property)

Depression & Isolation

Hitler leader of NSDAP (1921)

“Beer Hall” Putsch (1923)

Convicted of treason (1924)

Writes Mein Kampf(1924)

German citizenship (1932)

Hitler loses to Hindenburg (1932)

Nazis receive 38% vote (1932)

Hitler appointed Chancellor (1933)

Reichstag Fire (1933)

Dachau opens (1933)

Enabling Act (1933)

Non-Nazi political parties banned (1933)

Hindenburg Dies (1934)

Hitler combines President/Chancellor post (1934)

Plebiscite vote – Hitler gets 89% (1934)

Sterilization Law (1933)

Nuremberg Laws (1935)No marriages between Jews and non-JewsJews aren’t “Reich citizens” and don’t enjoy the same rights as German citizensJews are defined as anyone who has three Jewish grandparents; or two Jewish grandparents and a Jewish spouse; or an adherent of Judaism

T4 to the Final SolutionGermany’s progression from racism to genocide

Passport “J” (Oct 1938)

Kristallnacht (Nov 1938)

Invasion of Poland (Sept 1939)

T4 Begins (Sept 1939)

Jews sent to Ghettos (Oct 1939)

First Gassing (Jan 1940)Handicapped were transported to various locations to be gassed en masse.

Himmler’s 1941 OrderHimmler authorizes the Einsatzgruppen to begin the “open air” killing of Jews in the eastern territories.

Hitler halts T4? (Aug 1941) Extermination of handicapped continued until the end of the war Some T4 doctors were sent to extermination camps to make selections A few gas chambers were removed and sent to extermination camps

Extermination of handicapped continued until the end of the war

Some T4 doctors were sent to extermination camps to make selections

A few gas chambers were removed and sent to extermination camps

Major Liquidations in 1941Vilna (40,000 Jews)Transnistria (90,000 Jews)BabiYar (33,000 Jews)Vitebsk (16,000 Jews)Odessa (19,000 Jews)Chelmno (5,000 Gypsies)Rovno (33,000 Jews)Minsk (20,000 Jews)Riga (47,000 Jews)

Chelmno opens (Dec 7, 1941)

Wannsee Conference (1942)

Death CampsChelmnoAuschwitzMajdanekBelzecSobiborTreblinka

Questions?thensley@va-holocaust.com