I spoke at the Oakland Public Ethics commission on June 25, 2013. I was trying to set some context about how the ideas of transparency, open data, and government platform should shape their thinking. This is a PDF with notes on my talking points below each slide.

1. Government as a Platform
Oakland Public Ethics Commission
Transparency Hearing
June 25, 2013
Tim O’Reilly
O’Reilly Media
Thursday, June 27, 13
I’d like to start by thanking Whitney Barazoto for inviting me here and for all that she’s doing to build the Oakland Public Ethics
Commission into a model of 21st century government. Oakland is really lucky to have her, Eddie Tejada, Aspen Baker, Ben
Kimberly.
But I also want to respond a bit to the passion that I heard in the public comments just now. I understand how frustrated many
of you are. But I also want to say that in my history as a technology activist, I’ve seen that change seems to happen very slowly,
and then it happens all at once. It was like that with the world wide web, and with open source software, and it’s that way now
with open government. I’m incredibly excited about what’s happening, and I can tell you that change IS happening.

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“The skill of writing is to
create a context in which
other people can think.”
-Edwin Schlossberg
Thursday, June 27, 13
Edwin Schlossberg once said...
In this case, I want to give you some context for understanding why what the Public Ethics Commission is doing here is so
important, why every Public Ethics commission will be following its lead, and some of the big technology and social trends
that it exemplifies.

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Thursday, June 27, 13
Let’s start with the consumer experience on the web. Some of you may be old enough to remember how you did travel research
before the web. You read guidebooks. You sent away for brochures. But most places weren’t listed, and it was hard to find out
what was good. Now, you get listings for virtually every place to stay, rated by thousands of travelers like you.

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Thursday, June 27, 13
When it comes to flying, you can comparison shop airfares and times.

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What we see here
• A standard platform for publishing and consuming data and
services
• Data standards enabling aggregation
• Customer self-service reducing cost and increasing choice
• Multiple interfaces by third parties, increasing innovation and
consumer choice
• Interfaces that are “simple, beautiful, and easy to use”
• Added value from user participation
Thursday, June 27, 13

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Thursday, June 27, 13
When it comes to government, we’re still in the early stages of this revolution, which you can see in part as a change from the
business of delivering web pages to the business of delivering open data and web services that allow third parties better access
to build new interfaces and applications.

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2005 2007
Thursday, June 27, 13
Another area of technology that has lessons for government is the change in mobile phones. With the introduction of the iPhone
in 2007, we saw a revolution in ease of use. Multi-touch screens, beautiful interfaces.
And yes, there’s a lesson here that we want to build interfaces to government that are simple, beautiful, and easy to use. But
that’s just the beginning.

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The iPhone App Store
Almost 900,000
iPhone/iPad
applications, fewer
than 20 of them
provided by Apple
2008-2013
2013: Almost 900,000
iPhone/iPad
applications, fewer
than 20 of them
provided by Apple
Thursday, June 27, 13
But the real revolution started a year later, in 2008, when Apple introduced the App store.

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A Lot Like Government Systems
• Pre App Store: Phone companies get together with handset
manufacturers, decide what applications and interfaces to offer.
Limited choice, limited functionality.
• Pre-Gov 2.0: Governments put out RFPs, get together with
contractors and integrators, decide what applications and
interfaces to offer. Limited choice, limited functionality.
• Post App Store: Apple creates a platform, and harnesses the
power of the market to create applications. Abundance.
• Can we do the same thing for government?
Thursday, June 27, 13
The phone market before the App Store was a lot like government procurement.
The phone market after the App Store should be the world we are aiming for with open government.

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Getting away from “vending machine”
government
Vending Machine Gov concept from Donald Kettl:
The Next Government of the United States
Thursday, June 27, 13
The idea that government ought to be in the business of creating platforms rather than just delivering services crystallized for me when I heard
about the notion from Donald Kettl’s book The Next American Government, of “vending machine government”

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Thursday, June 27, 13
Contrast this with the cornucopia of a true marketplace.

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Participation means more than shaking the vending machine
http://image06.webshots.com/6/2/57/50/190125750NgQXwu_ph.jpg
Thursday, June 27, 13
And there’s another element.
Understanding that open data leads to platforms helps us get away from the notion that simply adding social media to
government leads to fundamental change. If government is just a vending machine, social media is just another way to shake
the vending machine when it doesn’t give us what we want.
We want government to be more open than that, a true marketplace.

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Thursday, June 27, 13
I want to move on to another topic that tells us something important about how modern technology platforms work: they are
*instrumented* with data that helps the people running them to make them better.
Consider Google. Their breakthrough in advertising was their ability to predict which ads people were more likely to click on.
But in search, for example, they measure “long clicks” vs. “short clicks.” A short click means someone clicked on a search result,
then came right back to the results page. A long click means that the customer went away and didn’t come back. A short click
thus means the result wasn’t satisfying, a long click means it was. So Google uses this information to improve search results.

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If Moneyball Can Work for the As, It Can Work for Oakland
“Moneyball: The Art of Winning
an Unfair Game is a book by
Michael Lewis, published in
2003, about the Oakland
Athletics baseball team and its
general manager Billy Beane.
Its focus is the team's
analytical, evidence-based,
sabermetric approach to
assembling a competitive
baseball team, despite
Oakland's disadvantaged
revenue situation.”
Thursday, June 27, 13
This whole approach has been called “Moneyball” after the title of Michael Lewis’ book about the Oakland As.

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Thursday, June 27, 13
John Bridgeland and Peter Orszag (who was Obama’s first budget director) recently wrote an article in the Atlantic asking if
government could apply Moneyball principles.
Aside: if any government should apply moneyball, it ought to be Oakland, the home of the concept!

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Thursday, June 27, 13
Louisville is a great example of a city that is combining open data and “moneyball” thinking to drive both transparency and
effectiveness. They publish all kinds of internal statistics.

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Thursday, June 27, 13
Louisville publishes their goals, their results against goal. This is government transparency at a very detailed level - publishing
everything, not waiting for FOIA requests - but it turns into a management tool for government itself.

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“What I saw in Louisville was that
it isn’t about holding government
accountable. It’s about giving
government the tools to make
itself better.”
Jen Pahlka
Thursday, June 27, 13
Jen Pahlka, the founder of Code for America (now on leave as Deputy CTO for Government Innovation at the White House), talked
about what she saw when she visited Louisville. (Louisville is a 2013 Code for America Fellowship city.)

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• Over the last year using LouieStat, the Louisville Metro
Government has removed more than 200 days from key
administrative processes like hiring, and reduced
unscheduled overtime and workers comp expenditures by
over $2.0 million.
• Baltimore implemented CitiStat, a comprehensive data
tracking and performance management tool in 2000... By
2007 they had used data to strategically reduce and
control workers’ overtime to save more than $30.9 million
Thursday, June 27, 13
Here are some of the results of this approach.

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What Does All This Have To Do With Public Ethics?
• Open data reduces costs and improves outcomes
• Getting beyond “gotcha” to performance improvement
• Harnessing platform dynamics to support innovation from
the outside
• How all public ethics commissions will be working ten
years from now.
Thursday, June 27, 13
We’re at the beginning of a great journey. I’m optimistic that great things are happening in open government, and I’m proud to
now be an Oakland resident, where groups like this one, and community groups like Open Oakland and the Code for America
Brigade.