Open for use?

Open for Use? The Challenge of User Generated Content and its Impact on Open Educational Resources Steve Wheeler University of Plymouth, UK Keynote speech for the EDEN Research Workshop, Budapest, October 2010

Open Educational Resources “The open provision of educational resources, Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes” - UNESCO (2002) http://www.wetcanvas.com http://www.wetcanvas.com

What can OER do? • OER emphasises learning communities and learner engagement Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 • OER supports development of skills needed for problem solving • OER creates opportunities for personalised learning • OER allows students to create and share their own content Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

OER is premised upon sharing resources Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Community of interest

Community... ...has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 In the digital age, common location is not as important as common interest. What are the characteristics of distributed learning communities? http://www.psfk.com

Celebration http://www.zimbio.com Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Connection What is happening here? http://i.imwx.com Steve Wheeler, University of of Plymouth, 2010 cc Steve Wheeler, UniversityPlymouth, 2010

Connection Mobile phones and cameras http://i.imwx.com Steve Wheeler, University of of Plymouth, 2010 cc Steve Wheeler, UniversityPlymouth, 2010

Communication cc Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Online, En masse http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com

Collaboration Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 http://idirekt.cz/soubory/t-mobile_dance2.png

Connection Collaboration Celebration Communication Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 User Generated Content

User Generated Content is… “…content that is created and shared Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 freely by students and/or teachers and which has not been through a process of formal peer review” Concede Project, May 2010

“Wikipedia is different in that it doesn’t try to frame the creation of new entries with commissioned beginnings and fixed endpoints. It Steve Wheeler, University of of Plymouth, 2010 cc Steve Wheeler, UniversityPlymouth, 2010 is open to anyone to initiate an entry on Wikipedia, and no entry is ever formally closed, since it is also open to anyone to keep editing and altering whatever is already there.” – Andrew Lih http://wikipedia.org The Wikipedia Revolution (2009)

Advantages of OER Sharing development Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 costs of learning resources among institutions and professional communities means a http://static-p3.fotolia.com better return on public investment Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Advantages of OER Promoting digital Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 competencies for the knowledge society. Tools and content that enable learners to develop their creativity and critical thinking. http://dyslexicbrian.com Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Advantages of OER Improving the quality of content. Quality control, Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 feedback and improvement across the alliances, communities and networks that share the content. http://static.squidoo.com Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Advantages of OER Supporting lifelong Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 learning and social inclusion. Accessibility of resources previously unavailable to specific groups of people. http://www.flaglercomputerclub.com Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Advantages of OER Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Offers flexibility in choosing from a broader range of subjects and topics for teaching and learning http://www.uh.edu Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Advantages of OER Saves time and Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 effort through the reusing of resources for which IPR/ Copyright issues have already been resolved. http://qbn.com Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

Barriers to OER • Quality concerns • Suspicion of openness • Ownership (IP) Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 • Sustainability • Search tools? Crowdsourced via Twitter http://www.presd.org

Barriers to OER Authenticity, • Quality concerns Accuracy, • Suspicion of openness Objectivity? • Ownership (IP) Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 • Sustainability • Search tools? Crowdsourced via Twitter http://www.presd.org

6 Trends for the digital age Analogue Digital Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Tethered Mobile Closed Open Isolated Connected Generic Personal Consuming Creating Source: David Wiley: Openness and the disaggregated future of higher education

Characteristics of e-learning Analogue Digital Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Tethered Mobile Closed Open Isolated Connected Generic Personal Consuming Creating We have the technology to facilitate the ! rest, but do we have the will? Source: David Wiley: Openness and the disaggregated future of higher education

Free/Open Content... ...describes any kind of creative work in a format Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone, not exclusively by a closed organisation, firm or individual. Source: Wikipedia http://marshalevine.blogspot.com

Copyleft/Creative Commons Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Ultimately: Freedom to openly access, use, copy, modify and share content

“Understanding how networks work is one of the most important Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 literacies of the 21st Century.” - Howard Rheingold http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu

Open Networks If ... information is recognized as useful to the community ... it can be counted as Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 knowledge. The community, then, has the power to create knowledge within a given context and leave that knowledge as a new node connected to the rest of the network’. http://inperspire.blogspot.com – Dave Cormier (2008)

A Challenge to empirical knowledge – ‘Community as curriculum’ Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 ‘The rhizomatic viewpoint (…) suggests that a distributed negotiation of knowledge can allow a community of people to legitimize the work they are doing among themselves and for each member of the group, the rhizomatic model dispenses with the need for external validation of knowledge...’ - Dave Cormier (2008)

Rhizomatic knowledge http://users.soe.ucsc.edu Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Participatory and negotiated experience of rhizomatic community engagement. – Dave Cormier (2007)

LMS vs PLE Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Folksonomies http://mohamedaminechatti.blogspot.com/2010/03/lms-vs-ple.html

http://mashable.com 300,000 largest websites visualised using Favicons Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Formal and Informal learning Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Formal Learning Informal Learning 20% 80% Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.

Formal and Informal learning Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 Formal Learning Informal Learning 20% Blended? 80% Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.

A tale of two papers Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 In 2006 I had 2 papers published in the same month. One was in a traditional paper based journal. The other was in an open access journal.... http://www.fromoldbooks.org

Open Scholarship Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Open peer review Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Transparency Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Open impact Closed Journal Open Journal Time from Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 submission to publication 3 years 5 months Number of 12 296 citations Number of Unknown 72,736 views Journal impact 2.05 1.93 factor

Content amplification Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

Event amplification Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

"The greatest danger in times of turbulence is not the turbulence. It is to act with yesterday's logic." - Peter Drucker Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010 http://pixdaus.com

T: @timbuckteeth E: swheeler@plymouth.ac.uk B: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com

http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com	167
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http://translate.googleusercontent.com	3
http://mccartermobile.blogspot.com	2
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