Weather and Meteorology Presentation Presented by : Tesmond Hurd LMS Weather Station (La Grande Weather Service) http://lagrande.weatherchecker.us http://www.weatherchecker.us

The Definition of Weather Weather is the state of the atmosphere regarding wind, moisture, temperature, cloud coverage, pressure, and other meteorological conditions. Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth’s atmosphere, especially its patterns or climate and weather

Weather is the state of the atmosphere regarding wind, moisture, temperature, cloud coverage, pressure, and other meteorological conditions.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth’s atmosphere, especially its patterns or climate and weather

What’s the difference between weather and climate??? Weather is what is currently going on. When somebody says, “It is 32 degrees…” they are talking about weather . Climate is weather, in a sense, but as an average. When somebody says, “The average temperature in July for the last 15 years is 80 degrees…” they are talking about the climate . Climate varies from place to place.

Weather is what is currently going on. When somebody says, “It is 32 degrees…” they are talking about weather .

Climate is weather, in a sense, but as an average. When somebody says, “The average temperature in July for the last 15 years is 80 degrees…” they are talking about the climate . Climate varies from place to place.

What do I do… I collect data Analyze weather patterns Maintain/Manage a website Predict weather/specifically hazardous weather (e.g.: snow, thunderstorms, etc.)

I collect data

Analyze weather patterns

Maintain/Manage a website

Predict weather/specifically hazardous weather (e.g.: snow, thunderstorms, etc.)

About the National Weather Service Mostly meteorologists work for the NWS. The NWS’ job is to analyze and monitor weather conditions and issue advisories, watches, and warnings when weather becomes hazardous. The motto for the NWS is: “For the protection of life and property.” There are several branches of the NWS. Storm Spotters are important to the NWS because they REPORT hazardous weather.

Mostly meteorologists work for the NWS. The

NWS’ job is to analyze and monitor weather conditions and issue advisories, watches, and warnings when weather becomes hazardous. The motto for the NWS is: “For the protection of life and property.” There are several branches of the NWS. Storm Spotters are important to the NWS because they REPORT hazardous weather.

NOAA Field Map

About meteorologists Starting Pay: $30,000; Top Pay: $146,000 EX: Dennis Hull-Warning Coordinator Meteorologist 30 years as meteorologist/10 in PDT His Pay: $100-105,000 Education: Bachelor’s degree in Meteorology 3-year internship Meteorology, math, and physics

Starting Pay: $30,000; Top Pay: $146,000

EX: Dennis Hull-Warning Coordinator Meteorologist

30 years as meteorologist/10 in PDT

His Pay: $100-105,000

Education: Bachelor’s degree in Meteorology

3-year internship

Meteorology, math, and physics

What meteorologists use to help predict the weather… 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00

Clouds Clouds are formed when water evaporates in the sky and changes into the gas form, we them as clouds. There are 32 types of clouds including tornadoes! Fractus Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Cumulonimbus, Shelf ,Wave, & Wall cloud, Mammatus, and tornado Other Strato Alto Cumulus Nimbo Alto Stratus Cumulus Stratus Cirro

Clouds are formed when water evaporates in the sky and changes into the gas form, we them as clouds.

There are 32 types of clouds including tornadoes!

Warm/Cold Fronts Warm Fronts A transition zone between a mass of warm air and the colder air it is replacing. Cold Fronts A transition zone between a mass of cold air and the warm air it is replacing.

Warm Fronts

A transition zone

between a mass of

warm air and the

colder air it is replacing.

Cold Fronts

A transition zone

between a mass of cold

air and the warm air it

is replacing.

Stationary/Occluded Fronts Stationary Fronts A front between warm and cold air masses that is moving very slowly or not at all. Occluded Fronts A composite front formed when a cold air mass meets and undercuts a warm air mass, and forces the warm air upwards and way from contact with the earths surface.

Stationary Fronts

A front between warm and

cold air masses that is

moving very slowly or not

at all.

Occluded Fronts

A composite front formed

when a cold air mass meets

and undercuts a warm air

mass, and forces the warm

air upwards and way from

contact with the earths

surface.

High/Low Pressures High Pressure An area of pressure that is higher than surrounding, lower pressures. High pressures circle clockwise. Low Pressure An area of pressure that is lower than surrounding, higher pressures. Low pressures circle counter-clockwise. H L

High Pressure

An area of pressure

that is higher than

surrounding, lower

pressures. High

pressures circle

clockwise.

Low Pressure

An area of pressure that

is lower than

surrounding, higher

pressures. Low pressures

circle counter-clockwise.

Terminology… Millibar -A unit of atmospheric pressure equal to 1/1000 bar; one unit that is used to measure air pressure. Isobar -A line on a weather map connecting equal pressures. Barometric Pressure -The pressure of the atmosphere, as indicated by a barometer. Radar -A radio device used for locating an object by using ultrahigh-frequency radio waves reflected from the object and received, observed, and analyzed. In this case, precipitation. Weather Balloon -a balloon used to carry meteorological instruments. Weather Station -an observation post where meteorological conditions are (observed and) recorded.

Millibar -A unit of atmospheric pressure equal to 1/1000 bar; one unit that is used to measure air pressure.

Isobar -A line on a weather map connecting equal pressures.

Barometric Pressure -The pressure of the atmosphere, as indicated by a barometer.

Radar -A radio device used for locating an object by using ultrahigh-frequency radio waves reflected from the object and received, observed, and analyzed. In this case, precipitation.

Weather Balloon -a balloon used to carry meteorological instruments.

Weather Station -an observation post where meteorological conditions are (observed and) recorded.

National Weather Service Doppler Radar United States of America Canada Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico Atlantic Ocean

Mixed Surface Analysis Mixed Surface Analysis

Snow | Snow Level 8000 ft. 7000 ft. 6000 ft. 5000 ft. 4000 ft. 3000 ft. 2000 ft. 1000 ft. 0 ft. 0 50 100 150 200 250 miles

Question: Why does the Grande Ronde Valley get so much wind? Baker City La Grande Ladd Canyon L H

Last Weekend H Maritime Polar (mP) Maritime Tropical (mT)

Tornadoes Tornadoes are violently rotating column of air, usually suspended to a Cumulonimbus cloud, with circulation reaching the ground. It nearly always starts as a funnel cloud and may be accompanied by a loud roaring noise. On a local scale, it is the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena. (VIDEO) SPRING SEASON : March-June FALL SEASON : August-October

Tornadoes are violently

rotating column of air, usually

suspended to a Cumulonimbus

cloud, with circulation reaching

the ground. It nearly always

starts as a funnel cloud and

may be accompanied by a

loud roaring noise. On a local

scale, it is the most

destructive of all atmospheric

phenomena. (VIDEO)

Types of Tornadoes Weak Tornadoes 88% of all tornadoes <5% of tornado deaths Lifetime: 1-10+ minutes Winds <110 mph Violent Tornadoes <1% of all tornadoes 70% of all tornado deaths Lifetime can exceed 1 hour Winds >205 mph Strong Tornadoes 11% of all tornadoes Nearly 30% of all tornado deaths May last 20+ minutes Winds 110-205 mph

Weak Tornadoes

88% of all tornadoes

<5% of tornado deaths

Lifetime: 1-10+ minutes

Winds <110 mph

Violent Tornadoes

<1% of all tornadoes

70% of all tornado deaths

Lifetime can exceed 1 hour

Winds >205 mph

Strong Tornadoes

11% of all tornadoes

Nearly 30% of all tornado deaths

May last 20+ minutes

Winds 110-205 mph

STEP #1 How Tornadoes Form…

STEP #2 How Tornadoes Form

STEP #3 | Final Step How Tornadoes Form… Low – Level Wind = Updraft

[Enhanced] Fujita (Tornado Intensity) Scale E-F6 318+ Inconceivable E-F5 261-317 Incredible E-F4 207-260 Devastating E-F3 158-206 Severe E-F2 113-157 Considerable E-F1 73-112 Moderate E-F0 40-72 Light E. Fujita # Wind Damage

Tornado: Fact or Fiction ? Every state has had at least one tornado. Tornadoes can’t form anytime during the year. People caught in the open, should seek shelter under highway overpasses. Areas near lakes, rivers, and the ocean aren’t safe from tornadoes. Tornadoes can happen in the mountains or in high elevations. True False False True True

Every state has had at least one tornado.

Tornadoes can’t form anytime during the year.

People caught in the open, should seek shelter under highway overpasses.

Areas near lakes, rivers, and the ocean aren’t safe from tornadoes.

Tornadoes can happen in the mountains or in high elevations.

Tornado Facts Tornado State Rankings Florida Kansas Illinois Iowa Alabama Oregon # of Tornadoes 1999-2008 1291 tornadoes 123 EF2+ tornadoes 1989-1998 1165 tornadoes 143 EF2+ tornadoes 1979-1988 820 tornadoes 161 EF2+ tornadoes

Tornado State Rankings

Florida

Kansas

Illinois

Iowa

Alabama

Oregon

# of Tornadoes

1999-2008

1291 tornadoes

123 EF2+ tornadoes

1989-1998

1165 tornadoes

143 EF2+ tornadoes

1979-1988

820 tornadoes

161 EF2+ tornadoes

UNION COUNTY TORNADO Begin Date: June 21, 1983; 1415 (2:15) PDT Begin Location: Not Known Begin LAT/LON: 45°22'N / 118°03'W (LADD CANYON) End Location: Not Known Length: 0 Mile Width: 17 Yards Magnitude: F0 Fatalities: 0 Injuries: 0 Property Damage: $25,000.00 Crop Damage: $0.00 Description: None Reported

Hurricanes A tropical cyclone in the Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or eastern Pacific, which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind is 74 mph greater. Hurricanes are classified on the Saffir- Simpson Scale to describe their wind speeds. (VIDEO)

A tropical cyclone in the

Atlantic, Caribbean Sea,

Gulf of Mexico, or

eastern Pacific, which

the maximum 1-minute

sustained surface wind is

74 mph greater. Hurricanes

are classified on the Saffir-

Simpson Scale to describe

their wind speeds. (VIDEO)

Step #1 How Hurricanes Form… L

Step #2 How Hurricanes Form

Step #3 | Final Step How Hurricanes Form… H

Saffir-Simpson (Hurricane Intensity) Scale

NWS Building Entrance

NWS Office

NWS Office

NWS Office

NWS Radar What does RADAR stand for? RA dio Detection A nd R anging

NOAA Weather Radio NWR N OAA W eather R adio

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