Water Wars

water wars rising demand vs. diminishing supply MiaGreen February 26, 2010 Kevin Foster O’Donnell fundamentalist @ threadcollaborative

Kevin Foster O’Donnell

Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution Factors of Climate of of Water Disruption Conﬂict

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution Factors of Climate of of Water Disruption Conﬂict

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Unique Among the Universe

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative The Water Planet

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative The Four Rocky Planets

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Water is Life

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative World Water source: U.S. Geological Survey 326,000,000,000,000,000,000 75% 75%

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative World Water source: United States Geological Survey 3% 97%

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Earth source: United States Geological Survey fresh water - 3% ocean - 97%

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Fresh source: United States Geological Survey surface - .3% other - .9% ground - 30.1% glaciers - 68.7%

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Glaciers & Ice Pack Greenland Antarctica

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Ground Water Aquifers source: United States Geological Survey

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Surface source: United States Geological Survey rivers - 2% swamps - 11% lakes - 87%

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Rivers source: United States Geological Survey

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Swamps source: United States Geological Survey

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water Lakes source: United States Geological Survey

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Distribution of Water source: United States Geological Survey Earth Fresh Surface Less than 1% of all water is potable.

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Hydrological Cycle

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Resources

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Peak Supply & Substitution Consumption Time

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 17% 7,620 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 17% 7,620 km3/yr 30% 17,140 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 14% 8,336 km3/yr 17% 7,620 km3/yr 30% 17,140 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 14% 8,336 km3/yr 17% 7,620 km3/yr 30% 10% 17,140 km3/yr 5,724 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 14% 26% 8,336 km3/yr 14,872 km3/yr 17% 7,620 km3/yr 30% 10% 17,140 km3/yr 5,724 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 14% 26% 8,336 km3/yr 14,872 km3/yr 17% 7,620 km3/yr 30% 10% 3% 17,140 km3/yr 5,724 km3/yr 1,669 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 14% 26% 8,336 km3/yr 14,872 km3/yr 17% 10% 731m 4b 58% 7,620 km3/yr 8% 568m 30% 10% 3% 17,140 km3/yr 5,724 km3/yr 1,669 km3/yr 6% 383m 15% 1b 3% 21m

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 3,300 km3/yr 4,498 km3/yr 3,069 km3/yr 2,838 km3/yr 8,233 km3/yr

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Renewable Water Resources source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 3,300 km3/yr 4,498 km3/yr .9 km3/yr .1 km3/yr 3,069 km3/yr .6 km3/yr .2 km3/yr .02 km3/yr 2,838 km3/yr 8,233 km3/yr

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Sumatra Indonesia December 2004 source: Digital Globe

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative New Orleans LA August 2005

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Atlanta GA September 2009 source: MSNBC

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Lake Chad 1963 - 2001 source: NASA

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Amazon River October 2005 source: Daniel Beltra/Greenpeace

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Changes in Precipitation -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Portage Glacier source: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch 1914 2004

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Receding Glaciers source: June 2007 National Geographic Magazine - cumulative change in average thickness from 1977 to 2005 World Glaciers Name Location Change Careser Glacier Italy -35.5% Place Glacier Canada -33.6% Sarennes Glacier France -30.8% South Cascade Glacier United States -27.9% Saint Sorlin Glacier France -22.3% Gries Glacier Switzerland -22.1% Hintereisferner Glacier Austria -20.6% Gulkana Glacier United States -16.2% Tsentralniy Tuyuksuyskiy Glacier Kazakhstan -16.1% Austre Broeggerbreen Glacier Norway -15.3%

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Mount Kilimanjaro Africa 1993 source: NASA Earth Observatory Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro via Wikimedia Commons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Mount Kilimanjaro Africa 2000 source: NASA Earth Observatory Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro via Wikimedia Commons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Folsom Lake CA November 2008 source: California Department of Water Resources

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Hoover Dam source: Lynn Betts via Wikimedia Commons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Three Gorges Dam source: Dan Kamminga via Wikimedia Commons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative World Dams source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik 5,430 31,340 8,010 979 1,269 577

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Aral Sea 2000 - 2009 source: photos by Bresson Thomas

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Aral Sea source: Staecker via Wikimedia Commons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report US: 151 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Australia: 130 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Japan: 99 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Mexico: 96 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report EU: 69 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Brazil: 49 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report UK: 39 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report India: 36 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report China: 22 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Water Poverty Threshold: 13 gallons

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: United Nations - 2006 Human Development Report Africa: 5 gallons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Water Use By Sector source: The World’s Water by Peter H. Gleik North & Central America South America Europe Africa Asia Oceania

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative U.S. Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: 2000 USGS Water Use Report State Use (gallons/day) Per Capita California 51,200,000,000 139 gal./day Texas 29,600,000,000 121 gal./day Florida 20,100,000,000 109 gal./day Idaho 19,500,000,000 1,272 gal./day Illinois 13,700,000,000 106 gal./day Colorado 12,600,000,000 255 gal./day Nebraska 12,300,000,000 689 gal./day New York 12,100,000,000 62 gal./day North Carolina 11,400,000,000 123 gal./day Ohio 11,100,000,000 96 gal./day

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative U.S. Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: 2000 USGS Water Use Report State Use (gallons/day) Per Capita California 51,200,000,000 139 gal./day Texas 29,600,000,000 121 gal./day Florida 20,100,000,000 109 gal./day Idaho 19,500,000,000 1,272 gal./day Illinois Miami/Dade County 13,700,000,000 106 gal./day Colorado 143 gal./day 12,600,000,000 255 gal./day Nebraska 12,300,000,000 689 gal./day New York 12,100,000,000 62 gal./day North Carolina 11,400,000,000 123 gal./day Ohio 11,100,000,000 96 gal./day

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative U.S. Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: 2000 USGS Water Use Report State Use (gallons/day) Per Capita California 51,200,000,000 139 gal./day Texas 29,600,000,000 121 gal./day Florida 20,100,000,000 109 gal./day Idaho 19,500,000,000 1,272 gal./day Illinois Los Angeles County 13,700,000,000 106 gal./day Colorado 168 gal./day 12,600,000,000 255 gal./day Nebraska 12,300,000,000 689 gal./day New York 12,100,000,000 62 gal./day North Carolina 11,400,000,000 123 gal./day Ohio 11,100,000,000 96 gal./day

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative U.S. Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: 2000 USGS Water Use Report State Use (gallons/day) Per Capita California 51,200,000,000 139 gal./day Texas 29,600,000,000 121 gal./day Florida 20,100,000,000 109 gal./day Idaho 19,500,000,000 1,272 gal./day Illinois Phoenix 13,700,000,000 106 gal./day Colorado 200 gal./day 12,600,000,000 255 gal./day Nebraska 12,300,000,000 689 gal./day New York 12,100,000,000 62 gal./day North Carolina 11,400,000,000 123 gal./day Ohio 11,100,000,000 96 gal./day

Distribution of Water Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative U.S. Per Capita Water Use Per Day source: 2000 USGS Water Use Report State Use (gallons/day) Per Capita California 51,200,000,000 139 gal./day Texas 29,600,000,000 121 gal./day Florida 20,100,000,000 109 gal./day Idaho 19,500,000,000 1,272 gal./day Illinois Las Vegas 13,700,000,000 106 gal./day Colorado 255 gal./day 12,600,000,000 255 gal./day Nebraska 12,300,000,000 689 gal./day New York 12,100,000,000 62 gal./day North Carolina 11,400,000,000 123 gal./day Ohio 11,100,000,000 96 gal./day

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Los Angeles Water Supply Sources source: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Mono Lake LA Aqueduct Owens Lake Las Vegas San Francisco Colorado River Aqueduct California Aqueduct Colorado River Los Angeles Phoenix San Diego

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Domestic Water Use source: American Water Works Association Research Foundation

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Domestic Water Use source: American Water Works Association Research Foundation toilet - 11% washer - 8% shower - 7% faucet - 6% dishwasher - 1% other - 2%

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Domestic Water Use source: American Water Works Association Research Foundation toilet - 11% washer - 8% misc. outdoor - 10% leaks - 6% shower - 7% faucet - 6% dishwasher - 1% other - 2% landscaping - 49%

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Embodied Water source: gangulybiswarup via Wikimedia Commons

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Embodied Water source: Professor Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Twente Water Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands Food Unit Liters Food Unit Liters Apple or Pear 1 kg 700 Maize 1 kg 900 Banana 1 kg 800 Mango 1 kg 1,600 Beef 1 kg 15,500 Milk 250 ml cup 250 Beer (from barley) 250 ml glass 75 Olives 1 kg 4,400 Bread 1 kg 1,300 Orange 1 kg 460 Cabbage 1 kg 200 Peach 1 kg 1,200 Cheese 1 kg 5,000 Pork 1 kg 4,800 Chicken 1 kg 3,900 Potato 1 kg 250 Chocolate 1 kg 24,000 Rice 1 kg 3,400 Coffee 125 ml cup 140 Sugar (from sugar cane) 1 kg 1,500 Cucumber or Pumpkin 1 kg 240 Tea 250 ml cup 30 Groundnuts (in shell) 1 kg 3,100 Tomato 1 kg 180 Lettuce 1 kg 130 Wine 125 ml glass 120

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Embodied Water source: Professor Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Twente Water Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands 4,000 gallons for 2 pounds of beef

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Pollution Dead Zones source: Goddard Space Flight Center

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Pollution Algae Bloom source: Midwest Lakes Policy Center

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Pollution Contaminated Rivers source: Tejiendo el mundo

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Pollution Contaminated Rivers source: unknown

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Ocean Gyres North Atlantic Gyre North Paciﬁc Gyre Indian Ocean South Gyre South Paciﬁc Gyre Atlantic South Gyre Atlantic Gyre

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Great Paciﬁc Garbage Patch

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Great Paciﬁc Garbage Patch source: Chris Jordan Photography

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization Bottled Water

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization Bottled Water source: Tapped - 2007 U.S. Bottled Water Sales 29 billion bottles

Factors of Disruption Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization Municipal Water International Monetary United Nations The World Bank The World Trade Fund Organization

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative “If the wars of this century were fought over oil, the wars of the next century will be fought over water - unless we change our approach to managing this precious and vital resource.” Ismail Serageldin First chairperson of the Global Water Partnership

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Consumption vs. Yemen

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Consumption vs. Yemen source: ai@ce via Flickr

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Consumption vs. Yemen source: knowledgeallianz via Wikimedia Commons

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural source: NOAA George E. Marsh Album

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural source: United States Department of Agriculture; Image Number: 00di0971

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural source: Highway Hogs

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural source: Fish & Wildlife Service public domain photographs by Peter Johnson

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural source: Minyoung Choi via Wikimedia Commons

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Urban vs. Rural LA Aqueduct Las Vegas San Francisco Colorado River Aqueduct California Aqueduct Colorado River Los Angeles Phoenix San Diego

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China source: NASA 40% of the world’s population depends on the Himalayan watershed for water Yellow River Indus River Yangtze River Salween River Mekong River Brahmaputra River Ganges River

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China source: NASA

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China source: Edward Burtynsky Photography

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China source: CHina Digital Times

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Climate vs. China Neighboring Provinces 2005 source: Rueters/China News Photo

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Consumption vs. Yemen

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Fryeburg source: JPL via Wunderground

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Fryeburg

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Bolivia

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Bolivia source: Omer Koren via Wikimedia Commons

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Bolivia source: Duncan Green, Head of Research for Oxfam GB

Climate of Conﬂict Water Wars Rising Demand vs. Diminishing Supply 2010 MiaGreen threadcollaborative Privatization vs. Bolivia source: Ferdinand Reus via Wikimedia Commons

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Water Wars

by Kevin ODonnell on Mar 04, 2010

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