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4. Engine electrical
5. Body electrical
6. Body
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Vehicle Classification
Classification by Motive Power
Vehicles can be classified by the following types of motive power:
Gasoline engine vehicle
Diesel engine vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Electric vehicle
Fuel cell hybrid vehicle
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Gasoline engine vehicle
This type of vehicle runs on an engine that uses gasoline fuel.
Because gasoline engines produce high power yet come in a
compact package, they are widely used in passenger vehicles.
Similar engines are also used on the CNG engine, the LPG
engine and alcohol engine, which use different types of fuel.
CNG: Compressed Natural Gas
LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Engine
Fuel tank (gasoline)
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Diesel engine vehicle
This type of vehicle runs on an engine that uses diesel fuel.
Because diesel engines produce large torque and offer good fuel
economy, they are widely used in trucks and SUVs.
SUV: Sports Utility Vehicle
Engine
Fuel tank (diesel fuel)
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Engine Inverter Transaxle Converter Battery
Hybrid vehicle
This type of vehicle is equipped with different types of motive
power, such as a gasoline engine and an electric motor. Because
the gasoline engine generates electricity, this type of vehicle does
not require an external source for recharging the battery. System
of wheel driver uses 270V, on the other hand, other electric 12V.
For example, during start- off, it uses an electric motor that
produces high power despite a low speed. When the vehicle picks
up speed, it operates the gasoline engine that is more efficient at
higher speeds. By making the best use of both types of motive
force in this manner, it is effective in reducing exhaust emission
and improving fuel economy.
• The diagram indicates the Toyota hybrid system
(gasoline and electric motor).
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Electric vehicle (EV)
This vehicle uses the power of the batteries to operate the electric
motor. Instead of using fuel, the batteries require recharging. It
offers many advantages, including zero emissions and low noise
during operation. System of wheel drive uses 290V, on the other
hand, other electric 12V.
• The diagram indicates Toyota EV system.
Power control unit
Electric motor
Battery
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Fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV)
This electric vehicle uses the electric energy that is created when
the hydrogen fuel reacts with the oxygen in the air to form water.
Because it emits only water, this is considered to be the ultimate
form of low- pollution vehicle, and is anticipated to become the
motive power for the next generation.
• The diagram indicates Toyota fuel cell hybrid system.
Power control unit
Electric motor
Fuel cell stack
Hydrogen storage system
Secondary battery
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Classification by Drive Method
Vehicles can be classified by the position of the engine and drive
wheels, and the number of drive wheels.
FF (Front-engine, Front-drive)
Because a FF vehicle does not have a propeller shaft, a
spacious interior can be realized, thus achieving excellent
comfort.
FR (Front-engine, Rear-drive)
Because a FR vehicle has a good weight balance, it excels in
controllability and stability.
MR (Midship-engine, Rear-drive)
Because a MR vehicle has a good weight balance on the front
and rear axles, it excels in controllability.
4WD (4-Wheels Drive)
Because a 4WD vehicle drives with four wheels, it can
operate under poor conditions in a stable manner. Its weight
is greater than that of other types of vehicles.
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