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Terminologies
 Antiseptics
 Disinfectants
 Disinfection
 Microorganism
 Pathogenic Microorganisms
 Sterilization
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Methods of Sterilization
 A. Physical Sterilization
1. Moist Heat – kills all bacteria by
coagulating or denaturing of the protein
of the bacteria
a. Boiling (non-pressure sterilizer)
b. Saturated Steam under pressure
(AUTOCLAVE)
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 2. Dry Heat – recommended for use only
where direct contact of material with
steam is impractical of not available
a. Dry Heat Autoclave (hot air oven) –
used for oil, ointment, and powders.
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 B. Chemical Sterilization
 Accomplished by use of ethylene oxide
gas
 Ethylene oxide is a chemical agent that
kills microorganisms, including
spores, by interfering with the normal
metabolism of protein and reproductive
processes, resulting in death of cells
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Shelf-Life
 1. Condition of Storage
 Free of dust, dirt and vermin
 Paper-wrapped/muslin-wrapped items
good for 30 days, open shelving 21 days
 Protect from extreme temperature
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 2. Material used for packaging
 Muslin and paper wrapped items may be
stored for 24-30 days, afterwhich re-
sterilization is required, but if sealed in
airtight plastic bag, following cooling or
aerating, shelf life can be prolonged
from 6-12 months
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 3. Seal of the package
 Tape sealed packages wrapped in non-
warm fabrics or plastic film can be
stored for 3-4 months
 4. Integrity of the package
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Disinfection
 It differs from Sterilization by its lack of
sporocidal power
 Used in the OR to kill microorganisms
on inanimate surfaces and objects that
cannot be sterilized
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Limitations of Chemical
Disinfection
 Doesn’t KILL SPORES
 Real STRENGTH not known
 LONG TIMING
 DIFFICULT to submerge some articles
 NOT SUITABLE for some materials
 Can cause IRRITATION to tissue
 ABILITY to disinfect is limited to max
concentration
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Uses for chemical disinfection
 WOVEN
 CATHETER
 ENDOSCOPIC Instruments
 POLYETHYLENE
 EYE Surgery
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Pointers when Using Chemical
Disinfection
 Free from blood, secretions
 Rinse and dry under sterile conditions
 Solutions may be rinsed off if practical
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DISINFECTANTS
 Formaldehyde (Formalin)
 Glutaraldehyde (Cidex)
 Phenol 100%
 Lysol
 Zephiran Chloride 17%
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ANTISEPTICS
 Hexacholorophene - neurotoxic
 Betadine –watch out iodine sensitivity
 Mercurochrome
 Aqueous Zephiran
 Chorhexidine Gluconate
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