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 The branch of medicine that deals with the
diagnosis and treatment of surgery,
deformity or disease by manual or
instrumental means.
 3 phases : (Perioperative phase)
Pre-Operative
Intra-Operative
Post-operative
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Identification of physiological, psychological, sociological needs of
patient and implementation of nursing care
Based on the knowledge of the natural and behavioral science
In order to restore, or maintain the health and welfare of the patient
during and after the surgical intervention
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 Correct deformities or defects
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 Repair Injuries
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 Alter form or structure
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 Diagnose and Cure Disease Process
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 Relieve Suffering
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 Prolong Life
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 Preserve Life
 Maintain Dynamic Body Equilibrium
 Undergo Diagnostic Procedures
 Prevent Infection and Healing
 Obtain Comfort
 Ensure ability to earn a living
 Restore or reconstruct organ that is
malformed
 To alter cosmetic appearance
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Congenital Acquired Trauma
Anomalies
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 According to Purpose
1. Diagnostic – to establish presence of disease
2. Exploratory – to determine extent of disease
3. Curative – to treat disease condition
4. Ablative – involves removal of an organ
5. Constructive – involves repair of congenitally
defective organs
6. Reconstructive – involves repair of damaged
organ
7. Palliative – to relieve distressing signs and
symptoms, not necessarily to cure
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 MAJOR SURGERY – HIGH RISK
1. Extensive
2. Prolonged
3. Large amount of blood loss
4. Vital organ may be handled or removed
5. Great risk of complication
 MINOR SURGERY
1. Generally not prolonged
2. Leads to few serious complications
3. Involves less risk
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 Emergency – to be done immediately to save
life or limb
 Imperative – to be done within 24 – 48 hours
 Planned / Required – necessary for well-being
 Elective – not absolutely necessary for
survival, delay or omission will not cause
adverse effect
 Optional – Requested by the client usually for
aesthetic purposes
 Day (Ambulatory) - done on an outpatient
basis
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 Obstructions – impairment to the flow of
vital fluids
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 Perforations – rupture of an organ
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 Erosions – wearing off of a surface or
membrane
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 Tumors – abnormal cell growth of tissue that
serves no physiologic function in the body
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1. Malnutrition
2. Obesity
3. Presence of disease such as : Cardiac problem,
URTI, Renal diseases, DM, Liver Diseases
4. Age
5. Concurrent or prior pharmacotherapy
6. Nature of the condition
7. Location of the condition
8. Magnitude and extent of surgical procedure
9. Mental attitude of the person toward surgery
10. Caliber of the professional staff and health care
facilities
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 Stress response is elicited
 Defense against infection is lowered
 Vascular system is disrupted
 Organ functions may be disturbed
 Lifestyles may change
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 Prefixes – A, Ecto-, Intra-, Inter-, Pan-, Peri-,
Poly-, Pseudo-, Retro-
 Suffixes – Algia, -centesis, -copy, -ectomy, -
itis, -lith, -logy, -lysis, -oma, -ostomy, -pexy, -
plasty, -rrhapy
 Rootwords – Adeno, Arthro, Auto, Blephar,
Cardio, Cephalo, Cerebro, Cheil, Chole,
Cholecyst, Choledocho, Chondro, Colpo,
Costo, Cranio, Gastro, Hepar, Hyster, Lapar,
Nephro, Oculo, Oophoro, Orchi, Osteo, Oto,
Phlebo, Pyel, Salphingo
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