Detailing : Opening Assemblies

D E T A I L I N G S E M I N A R O p e n i n g s : W i n d o w s p r e s e n t a t i o n

OUTLINE
Overview : Windows
Frame Material
Function
Glazing
Bldg System Interactions
Terminology : Windows
Detailing Objectives

Overview : Windows
Frame Materials
Section 085000 – Windows
Section 085113 - Aluminum Windows
Section 085123 - Steel Windows
Section 085200 - Wood Windows
Aluminum Or Vinyl Clad
Section 085313 - Vinyl Windows
Fiberglass Windows
Window Function
Glazing
# of Panes : Single, Double, or Triple
Glazing Types

Overview : Windows
Interactions : Building (System) Components
Structure Exterior Skin Sealants Weather-resistant Barrier Air Barrier Vapor Barrier Flashing Others?

Terminology
Air Infiltration
Condensation
Condensation Resistance Factor
Low-E Glazing
Heat-Strengthened Glazing
Tempered Glazing
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
Thermal Break
U value / R-Value
Water Pressure test

Detailing Objectives
DOB-1 : FIRE
DOB-2 : EARTH
DOB-3 : WATER
DOB-4 : AIR
DOB-5 : COST
DOB-6 : TIME
DOB-7 : SCOPE
FIRE WATER AIR EARTH dry hot wet cold ELEMENTS TIME COST SCOPE

Conduction : transfer of hot to cold through materials
Performance Measurements
U-value :
Mtl: average = 0.50 vs. preferred = 0.38
Wd/Clad: 0.35 average vs. 0.33 preferred
Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) :
Mtl: average vs. preferred
Wd/Clad: average vs. preferred
Thermal Break : required in our climate
WHY? : Stops transfer of heat from warm side to cold side of the frame
HOW? : Best thermal break : wide and as thin as possible
WHERE? : same plane as the outside face of insulation
Frame Materials:
Metal vs. Wood vs. Vinyl vs. Fiberglass
DOB-1 Fire (Thermal)

DOB-1 Fire (Thermal)
Radiation – Heat gain through solar radiation
Performance measurements
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
average vs. preferred
Recently, furnaces offered to EUA employees.
Why?
HVAC designer who prepared the envelope calculations used a SHGC value in his calculations that could not be achieved with the specified windows
Reduce solar heat gain
Air spaces : Gas filled
Glazing Coatings
Low E coatings : specified at a minimum in this climate
Reflects long wave (furnace) energy back into the space
Reduces short wave (sun) energy that passes through

DOB-2 Earth (Solid)
Material interactions : separate dissimilar metals
Aluminum windows + aluminum flashing = OK
Aluminum windows + steel lintels = Not OK
Movement :
Expand & contract : different than adjacent materials
Solution
Sealant joint between windows and adjacent materials
Receiving head/sill = allows varying dimensions

DOB-3 Water (Liquids)
Drainage
Weeps : bottom of the frame
Drain any moisture that condenses inside the frame.
Flashings
Head + Weather Resistive Barrier (WRB) : lap over flashing
Sill : pan with end dams : flashing laps over WRB
Jamb + Weather Resistive Barrier (WRB) : lap over flashing
Condensation
Good thermal resistance (U values)
Usually on the glass (high humidity)

DOB-3 Water (Liquids)

DOB-4 Air (Vapor)
Convection : air flow from warm to cold
Performance measurements
Air Infiltration CFM/SF : average vs. preferred
Around frame’s perimeter
Fill all voids with insulation
Continuous sealant
Insulating glass or multi-pane glazing system with an air space between panes
Proper installation of Air Barriers (AB) and Vapor Barrier (VB)
Glazing : Clear glass vs. Low-E
Argon
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
Visible light transmittance

DOB-4 Air (Vapor)
Air and Vapor Barrier
Windows : major source of air & vapor infiltration (in & out)
“ Quality windows”
Low U-value
Low air infiltration values
High condensation resistance values
Joints : window openings and adjacent walls
Pack all voids with insulation to resist heat loss
Sealant : around the entire perimeter of the opening
Inside and out : resist air infiltration.
Openings : pre-wrapped
Exterior WRB installed @ inside of the openings (jambs/sills)

DOB-4 Air (Vapor)

DOB-5 Cost
Material Costs
Low price compared to metal frame windows
Size and shapes effect cost
Vinyl – Cheapest
Fiberglass – Moderate
Clad – Expensive
Labor
Repetitive assemblies cut down on cost and install time.
Rain screen assemblies : detail the basic weatherproof parts of the openings the same so the building can be dried in as soon as possible.
Detail edges of openings : variable exterior skin assemblies’ thicknesses
Insist on mock-ups of openings
Rain screen assemblies : free standing (not on the building)
Difficult for contractors to understand the rain screen concept

DOB-6 Schedule
Efficient Use of Const Materials
Construction sequence
Easily rehearsed & flexible
Detailed shop drawings and mock-ups.
Most windows : fabricated on a per order basis
Repetition = Value
Availability – Easy to obtain
Sizes – Standard and Custom Colors
Metal Windows
Vinyl – Limited colors
Clad – Wide selection
Fiberglass – Limited colors, but paintable

DOB-7 Scope
Aesthetics
Wide range of sizes, shapes, colors, etc.
Coordination w/S + MEP
ResCheck
ComCheck
Code : egress requirements?

Overview : Windows
Performance ( Elements )
Thermal ( Fire )
Temperature Change (Range)
Thermal Transmittance
U-Value
Air ( Vapor )
Solar Heat-Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
Air Infiltration (cfm/sq ft)
STC
Water ( Liquid )
Water Resistance (psf)
Condensation-Resistance Factor (CRF)
Structural ( Earth )
Design Pressure (psf)
Deflection (psf)
Wind loads
Windborne-Debris Resistance
Operating Force and Auxiliary (Durability) Tests
Other Considerations
Cost
Initial Cost vs. Life-Safety
Schedule
Ease of Replacement/Repair
Scope
Aesthetics
Coordination w/S + MEP
ResCheck/ComCheck
Code : egress requirements

Conclusion
Questions???
Comments???
Concerns???
Suggestions???

Detailing : Opening Assemblies

by QA/QC Consulting

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