Combining Social Music and Semantic Web for music-related recommender systems

Combining Social Music and Semantic Web for music-related recommender systems Alexandre Passant, DERI, NUI Galway Yves Raimond, BBC, UK Social Data on The Web @ ISWC2008 Karlsruhe, 27th October 2008 http://ﬂickr.com/photos/8049973@N03/2656140464/ by wolf.tone

Agenda • Web 2.0, Social Music and the Semantic Web • Identity, social-networking and social data with FOAF and SIOC • Linking Open Data and augmented tagging with MOAT • Recommendation systems • Examples of LOD-based recommendations • Use-cases

Web 2.0 and Social Music • Term coined from last.fm • In this talk: • Social networks from music-related services • Interlinking music-related data • Music-related weblogging and tagging

Semantic Social Music Web: Hyperlink Documents and hyperlinks

Semantic Social Music Alexandre Passant Listens to Franz Ferdinand Interpretation Web: Hyperlink Documents and hyperlinks

Semantic Social Music foaf:Person mo:MusicArtist Semantic Web: rdf:type rdf:type Data, models and relationships <http://zitgist.com/music/artist/aa7a2827- <http://dbtune.org/last-fm/terraces> ex:listensTo f74b-473c-bd79-03d065835cf7> Alexandre Passant Listens to Franz Ferdinand Interpretation Web: Hyperlink Documents and hyperlinks

Limits of Web 2.0 services • Data models • Each service uses its own model / API • Need to build speciﬁc services • Documents, hyperlinks rather than concepts and relationships • Closed worlds • How to share data and connect people between websites ? • Social Network Fatigue (Fitzpatrick, 2007) • The Semantic Web can help !

Unifying Social Networks

FOAF exporters examples

Uniﬁying identity • One exporter = One URI • lastfm:bob, myspace:bobby, facebook:bob77 ... • A need to unify one’s identity across services by deﬁning equivalent URIs • Explicit: owl:sameAs • Implicit: foaf:email, foaf:openid • Both use reasoning principles • Interlinking distributed social networks

Merging networks • A complete decentralized social graph • Open, distributed, build on standards • From various services (Kinsella, 2007)

Modeling Web 2.0 content • SIOC: Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities • http://sioc-project.org • An ontology to describe activities of online communities and their Social Media Contributions (SMC) • Common semantics for SMC modeling • Reusing existing ontologies (FOAF, DC ...) • W3C Member submission, June 2007 • http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/02

The SIOC Model http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec

People, accounts and data http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/2008/01/04/dataportabilityorg-web-standards-sioc-and-foaf/

The LOD Initiative • Linking Open Data • http://linkeddata.org • Lots of information available on the Web • Closed world, proprietary data silos • Provide it in RDF and interlink it ! • From documents to machine-understandable data • Use links to discover data by browsing the GGG • Open licensing policy • ISWC2008 tutorial on Linked Data

The LOD cloud http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

Music-related open data • http://dbtune.org • Music-related RDF platform • LOD-exporters for major music databases and social services • MusicBrainz, Jamendo • Last.fm, MySpace • Interlinked with references datasets • Geonames, DBPedia, riese, FOAF • Advanced querying and browsing features

Tagging with URIs ? • Indexing data with Semantic Web concepts defined by URIs • Solves ambiguity / heterogeneity problems thanks to understandable identifiers • Interlinking content thanks to Linked Data • Challenges • How to find URIs related to a given tag and define new ones ? • How to let people easily bridge this gap between tagging and semantic indexing ?

MOAT • Meaning Of A Tag • http://moat-project.org • A model to represent the meaning of tags • “apple” can refer to various things, but when I tag this blog post with it, I mean the record company, not the fruit • A collaborative and open-source framework • A tag server to deﬁne and share meanings • http://lodr.info

Music recommendations • Collaborative ﬁltering • http://last.fm/ • Long tail? • Content-based analysis • Texture, rhythm, harmony, ... • http://www.muﬁn.com/ • Long tail! • Lack of cultural context • Hybrid recommenders

Linked Data ! • Lots of cultural context • Suggests musical resources using linked data: • Distributed social networks • SMC and tagged content • Linked data available within the LOD project • Related work: FOAF-ing the music

Examples

Social Networking • You may like what your friends are listening to ... :alex foaf:knows :yves foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Ramones

Social Networking • ... and also the friends of your friends ... :alex foaf:knows :yves foaf:knows :tom foaf:topic_interest foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Ramones dbpedia:Rancid

Social Networking • ... from any service :alex foaf:knows :yves foaf:knows :tom foaf:topic_interest foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Ramones dbpedia:Rancid

Using LOD • You like a band, what about using DBpedia to see if you may like ... :alex foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Beastie_Boys

Using LOD • Bands that share concerts with them ? dbpedia:Bad_Brains p:associatedActs :alex foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Beastie_Boys

Using LOD • Their solo members ? dbpedia:Bad_Brains p:associatedActs :alex foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Beastie_Boys p:currentMembers dbpedia:Adam_Yauch

Using LOD • Bands from the same music genre ? dbpedia:Bad_Brains dbpedia:Hardcore_Punk p:associatedActs p:genre p:genre :alex foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Beastie_Boys dbpedia:Black_Flag_(band) p:currentMembers dbpedia:Adam_Yauch

Using LOD • Or even ... somehow related artists ? dbpedia:Bad_Brains dbpedia:Hardcore_Punk p:associatedActs p:genre p:genre :alex foaf:topic_interest dbpedia:Beastie_Boys dbpedia:Black_Flag_(band) p:currentMembers dbpedia:Adam_Yauch dbpedia:B._B._King skos:subject skos:subject dbpedia:Category:American_vegatarians

SMC and tagged content • Tag blog posts using SIOC and MOAT ... dbpedia:The_Clash sioc:topic :blogPost1 rdf:type sioct:BlogPost sioc:creator_of :alex

SMC and tagged content • ... while people tag pictures ... dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer sioc:topic sioc:topic :blogPost1 exif:IFD rdf:type :picture1 rdf:type sioct:BlogPost sioc:creator_of sioc:creator_of :alex :bob

SMC and tagged content • ... ﬁnd related content ... p:pastMembers dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer sioc:topic sioc:topic :blogPost1 exif:IFD rdf:type :picture1 rdf:type sioct:BlogPost sioc:creator_of sioc:creator_of :alex :bob

SMC and tagged content • ... once again, everything is distributed p:pastMembers dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer sioc:topic sioc:topic :blogPost1 exif:IFD rdf:type :picture1 rdf:type sioct:BlogPost sioc:creator_of sioc:creator_of :alex :bob

Use cases

Simple recommendation • Artists that a friend of mine is interested in • SELECT ?artist WHERE { <$uri> foaf:knows [ foaf:topic_interest ?artist . ] }

Content-based • SELECT ?track1 ?track2 WHERE { <$uri> foaf:topic_interest ?artist . ?artist foaf:made ?track1 . ?track1 mo:similar_to ?track2 . } • http://dbtune.org/henry

Mixing both  SELECT ?artist2 WHERE { <$uri> foaf:knows [ foaf:topic_interest ?artist ] . ?artist a mo:MusicArtist; foaf:made ? track1. ?track1 mo:similar_to ?track2. ?artist2 foaf:made ?track2. }

Event + geolocation

Content-based

Personal music collection

A record I don't yet own

Facet browsing for artist • http://apassant.net/home/2008/10/ musicrec • DBpedia based • Filtering of relevant properties

Future work • Origin: • A web resource (the user)‫‏‬ • Target: • A web resource (the recommendation)‫‏‬ • Problem: • Finding a path between the origin and the target that goes nearby other “constraints” web resources • Interests, personal music collection, listening habits, friends, etc.

Thank you ! Any questions ? http://ﬂickr.com/photos/8049973@N03/2656140464/ by wolf.tone

Combining Social Music and Semantic Web for music-related recommender systems

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