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Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires

                  Unit Eight Notes
Spain Vs. Portugal
 Christopher  Columbus asks both
  countries to sponsor his voyage--Spain
  agrees.
 Portugal saw the wealth that Spain
  was gaining, and wanted to be part of
  the action.
 Countries became rivals and tried to
  stop each other from claiming land in
  the Americas.
Spain Vs. Portugal
 1494--countries     signed Treaty of
 Tordesillas
  –   set the Line of Demarcation (imaginary line
      from the North Pole to the South Pole at 50
      degrees longitude)
 Spaingot everything to the west, while
 Portugal got everything to the east.
  –   What language is spoken in most of Latin
      America today?
  –   What language is spoken in Brazil?
Fall of aztec inca empires
Spanish Conquistadors
 soldier-explorers who settled in the Americas
  in hopes of finding treasure
 inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the
  New World
 Many came from the part of Spain called
  Extremadura.
  –   poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers
      held little chance for wealth
  –   Hernan Cortes was born in this province
Spanish Conquistadors
Hernan Cortes
 Spanish   conquistador who reached
  Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure
 arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16
  horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs
 group was met by Aztec emperor,
  Montezuma II
Fall of aztec inca empires
Fall of aztec inca empires
Cortes invades Mexico
 How   could such a small force conquer a
  huge empire?
1. Cortes knew how to use Spanish horse and
   guns to shock Aztecs.
2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes the
  inside scoop on the Aztec empire & helped
  him form alliances against Montezuma.
3. Cortes had invisible help--diseases that
  killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords.
4. Montezuma believed Cortes to be
  Quetzalcoatl--an important Aztec god.
Cortes Meeting Montezuma
Cortes Defeats the Aztec
 Cortes  traveled 400 miles to reach
  Tenochitlan.
 Montezuma did not attack right away
  because he first thought Cortes was
  Quetzalcoatl.
 The Spanish were able to take control
  of the city & took Montezuma hostage.
 Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop
  sacrificing people.
Cortes Defeats Aztec
 Cortes’   orders angered Aztec; planned a
  rebellion.
 Fighting broke out & Montezuma was killed.
 The Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled
  the city.
 Before they could prepare a 2nd attack,
  smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & greatly
  weakened the large Aztec empire.
 1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital.
Fall of aztec inca empires
After Conquering the Aztec…
 Cortes  took part in one more
  expedition to Honduras.
 served as Governor General of New
  Spain
 returned to Spain a very wealthy man
 died in Seville, Spain in 1547
Francisco Pizarro
 Pizarro   was also from the Extremadura.
  –   He was not of noble birth; could not even
      write his name.
  –   At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in
      Italy.
 1502--He
         arrived in the Americas and
 became very wealthy by exploring
 Panama.
  –   heard a rumor that there was a great empire
      filled with gold in the mountains of South
      America
Fall of aztec inca empires
The Inca
 1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of
 the world; two threats from the north
 proved they did not.

1.They couldn’t stop the spread of
  smallpox.

2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro.
Fall of aztec inca empires
Pizarro Conquers the Inca
 Pizarro
       led 160 soldiers to the Incan
 homeland.
  –   raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at
      villagers
 Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought
  Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand
  up to an army of 80,000 Incan
  warriors?
 1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to
  defeat the Inca.
Atahualpa
Pizarro Defeats the Inca
 Spanish   messengers invited Atahualpa to a
  meeting.
 He agreed & left most of his army behind--
  brought only 5,000 bodyguards.
 Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca &
  kidnapped Atahualpa.
 Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled
  one room with gold & one with silver.
 Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but
  Pizarro killed him in 1533.
After Conquering the Inca…
 Spanish  king made Pizarro the
  governor of Peru.
 Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened
  most of South America to Spanish rule.
 Spain controlled a vast territory
  covering 375,000 miles with almost
  seven million inhabitants.

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Fall of aztec inca empires

  • 1. Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires Unit Eight Notes
  • 2. Spain Vs. Portugal  Christopher Columbus asks both countries to sponsor his voyage--Spain agrees.  Portugal saw the wealth that Spain was gaining, and wanted to be part of the action.  Countries became rivals and tried to stop each other from claiming land in the Americas.
  • 3. Spain Vs. Portugal  1494--countries signed Treaty of Tordesillas – set the Line of Demarcation (imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole at 50 degrees longitude)  Spaingot everything to the west, while Portugal got everything to the east. – What language is spoken in most of Latin America today? – What language is spoken in Brazil?
  • 5. Spanish Conquistadors  soldier-explorers who settled in the Americas in hopes of finding treasure  inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the New World  Many came from the part of Spain called Extremadura. – poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers held little chance for wealth – Hernan Cortes was born in this province
  • 7. Hernan Cortes  Spanish conquistador who reached Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure  arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16 horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs  group was met by Aztec emperor, Montezuma II
  • 10. Cortes invades Mexico  How could such a small force conquer a huge empire? 1. Cortes knew how to use Spanish horse and guns to shock Aztecs. 2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes the inside scoop on the Aztec empire & helped him form alliances against Montezuma. 3. Cortes had invisible help--diseases that killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords. 4. Montezuma believed Cortes to be Quetzalcoatl--an important Aztec god.
  • 12. Cortes Defeats the Aztec  Cortes traveled 400 miles to reach Tenochitlan.  Montezuma did not attack right away because he first thought Cortes was Quetzalcoatl.  The Spanish were able to take control of the city & took Montezuma hostage.  Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people.
  • 13. Cortes Defeats Aztec  Cortes’ orders angered Aztec; planned a rebellion.  Fighting broke out & Montezuma was killed.  The Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled the city.  Before they could prepare a 2nd attack, smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & greatly weakened the large Aztec empire.  1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital.
  • 15. After Conquering the Aztec…  Cortes took part in one more expedition to Honduras.  served as Governor General of New Spain  returned to Spain a very wealthy man  died in Seville, Spain in 1547
  • 16. Francisco Pizarro  Pizarro was also from the Extremadura. – He was not of noble birth; could not even write his name. – At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in Italy.  1502--He arrived in the Americas and became very wealthy by exploring Panama. – heard a rumor that there was a great empire filled with gold in the mountains of South America
  • 18. The Inca  1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of the world; two threats from the north proved they did not. 1.They couldn’t stop the spread of smallpox. 2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro.
  • 20. Pizarro Conquers the Inca  Pizarro led 160 soldiers to the Incan homeland. – raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at villagers  Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand up to an army of 80,000 Incan warriors?  1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to defeat the Inca.
  • 22. Pizarro Defeats the Inca  Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a meeting.  He agreed & left most of his army behind-- brought only 5,000 bodyguards.  Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca & kidnapped Atahualpa.  Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled one room with gold & one with silver.  Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but Pizarro killed him in 1533.
  • 23. After Conquering the Inca…  Spanish king made Pizarro the governor of Peru.  Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule.  Spain controlled a vast territory covering 375,000 miles with almost seven million inhabitants.