11. key points about the
cold war
1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the
USSR)
major tension between US and USSR and their allies
coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China,
USA & NATO nations)
space race
massive nuclear arms race
32. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
33. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
34. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
35. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
36. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
37. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
38. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
39. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
40. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
What sort of tension?
41. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
economic What sort of tension?
42. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
to oust Iraq
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
nationalistWhat sort of tension?
economic
47. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
48. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
49. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
50. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
51. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
52. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
53. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
UN humanitarian intervention in August
54. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
UN humanitarian intervention in August
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
and discussions between hostile clans
55. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
and discussions between hostile clans
56. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
57. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
ethnic
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
58. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
ousted in 1991
economic
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
ethnic
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
59. Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
regional
ousted in 1991
economic
Violent attempts to reinstate him,
humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state ethnic
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the
of long term starvation country
UN humanitarian intervention in August
What is the nature of
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
this conflict?
and discussions between hostile clans
65. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
66. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
67. RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
68. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
69. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
70. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
71. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
72. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
73. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
74. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
75. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
African regional conflicts after Somalia
ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
76. RWANDA 1994
UN and US reluctant to get involved in
regional African regional conflicts after Somalia
ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
US blocked more forces
UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
still delayed due to cost
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
1962 Independence from Belgium
Most Hutus who fled have now returned
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
except group in Congo who have formed
150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
What is the nature
and began a civil war in 1990
of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
moderate Hutus
81. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
82. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
83. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
84. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
85. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
86. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
87. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
88. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
89. Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Tito became Prime Minister and established
six Yugoslavian republics:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
Slovenia
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
with each other
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
recognised by EU and US
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44
percent of the Bosnian population
93. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
94. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
95. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
96. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
97. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
98. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
99. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
100. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
101. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
102. Yugoslavia cont...
West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
home of Serb identity and culture
nationalist
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
107. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
108. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
109. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
110. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
111. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
112. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
113. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
114. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
115. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
ethnic
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
116. chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
ethnic nationalist
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
What is the nature of
bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
this conflict?
This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
117. other conflicts
India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and
nationalist)
Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist)
North and South Korea (nationalist)
China and Taiwan (nationalist)
Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist
and ethnic)
118. review
What was the Cold War?
What causes conflict?
What five conflicts were outlined and what
were their causes?
reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International
Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008
119. Stay tuned for more
detail on the gulf
war, bosnia and
africa
as well as global
terroism and post cold
war Phase 2 - 2001
onwards...