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Week 1 - Intro
 Global Conflicts
after The Cold War
week 1 Key question


  What has been the
nature of global conflict
      since 1991?
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
The cold war
The cold war
The cold war
The cold war
The cold war




No shooting! But if you do...I will too!
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
key points about the
     cold war
key points about the
     cold war
1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the
USSR)

major tension between US and USSR and their allies

coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China,
USA & NATO nations)

space race

massive nuclear arms race
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
Causes and nature of
 conflict in the post
  cold war world
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
COnflict
COnflict




          What is conflict?
COnflict




          What is conflict?
COnflict




          What is conflict?
COnflict




          What is conflict?
COnflict




          What is conflict?
COnflict




          What is conflict?
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
What causes conflict?
What causes conflict?



        tension
What causes conflict?
       nationalist




        tension
What causes conflict?
              nationalist




               tension



   economic
What causes conflict?
              nationalist

                            religious

               tension



   economic
What causes conflict?
               nationalist

  ethnic                     religious

                tension



    economic
What causes conflict?
               nationalist

  ethnic                           religious

                tension



    economic                 regional
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                       economic problems
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                        economic problems
       Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
       Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                            world’s oil
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                        economic problems
       Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
       Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                             world’s oil
              Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                        Iraq’s 19th province
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                        economic problems
       Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
       Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                             world’s oil
              Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                        Iraq’s 19th province
         Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
                             to oust Iraq
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                        economic problems
       Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
       Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                             world’s oil
              Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                        Iraq’s 19th province
         Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
                             to oust Iraq
            17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
             26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
       The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
       Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
          End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                        economic problems
       Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
       Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                             world’s oil
              Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                        Iraq’s 19th province
         Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
                             to oust Iraq
            17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
             26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops


              What sort of tension?
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
         The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
         Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
            End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                          economic problems
         Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
         Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                               world’s oil
                Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                          Iraq’s 19th province
           Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
                               to oust Iraq
              17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
               26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops


    economic What sort of tension?
Phase 1 - 1990-2001
          The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
          Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
             End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with
                           economic problems
          Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of
          Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
                                world’s oil
                 Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
                           Iraq’s 19th province
            Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed
                                to oust Iraq
               17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm
                26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops

    nationalistWhat sort of tension?
    economic
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
Somalia 1992
Somalia 1992
Somalia 1992
Independence in 1960
Somalia 1992
        Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
Somalia 1992
         Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Somalia 1992
         Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
              ousted in 1991
Somalia 1992
         Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
              ousted in 1991
     Violent attempts to reinstate him,
  humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Somalia 1992
          Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Insurgencies against his regime and he was
              ousted in 1991
       Violent attempts to reinstate him,
   humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
 Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
                of long term starvation
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
                of long term starvation
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
                of long term starvation
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
       and discussions between hostile clans
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of      Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million   emerged to take control of the
                of long term starvation                                 country
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
       and discussions between hostile clans
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of       Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million    emerged to take control of the
                of long term starvation                                  country
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
                                                             What is the nature of
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
                                                                this conflict?
       and discussions between hostile clans
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
                                                       ethnic
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of       Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million    emerged to take control of the
                of long term starvation                                  country
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
                                                             What is the nature of
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
                                                                this conflict?
       and discussions between hostile clans
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                ousted in 1991
                                                   economic
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
                                                     ethnic
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of       Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million    emerged to take control of the
                of long term starvation                                  country
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
                                                             What is the nature of
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
                                                                this conflict?
       and discussions between hostile clans
Somalia 1992
            Independence in 1960
  Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  Insurgencies against his regime and he was
                                                    regional
                ousted in 1991
                                                   economic
         Violent attempts to reinstate him,
     humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
   Rival warlords struggled for control of the state ethnic

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of       Still no government has
immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million    emerged to take control of the
                of long term starvation                                  country
      UN humanitarian intervention in August
                                                             What is the nature of
 Also military intervention to assist in disarmament
                                                                this conflict?
       and discussions between hostile clans
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
RWANDA 1994
RWANDA 1994
RWANDA 1994



1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
RWANDA 1994



1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
RWANDA 1994



1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
      150,000 driven into exile
RWANDA 1994



1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
1962 Independence from Belgium
 Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
       150,000 driven into exile
Children of exiles formed a rebel group
     and began a civil war in 1990
RWANDA 1994



  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia




  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers




  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces


  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
                                                 Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
  1962 Independence from Belgium
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
         150,000 driven into exile
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
                                                 Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
  1962 Independence from Belgium
                                                  Most Hutus who fled have now returned
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
                                                  except group in Congo who have formed
         150,000 driven into exile              insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
      and began a civil war in 1990
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

                                                UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
                                                 Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
  1962 Independence from Belgium
                                                  Most Hutus who fled have now returned
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
                                                  except group in Congo who have formed
         150,000 driven into exile              insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
                                                         What is the nature
      and began a civil war in 1990
                                                          of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
                                                African regional conflicts after Somalia

       ethnic                                   UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
                                                 Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
  1962 Independence from Belgium
                                                  Most Hutus who fled have now returned
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
                                                  except group in Congo who have formed
         150,000 driven into exile              insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
                                                         What is the nature
      and began a civil war in 1990
                                                          of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
RWANDA 1994
                                                UN and US reluctant to get involved in
regional                                        African regional conflicts after Somalia

     ethnic                                     UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

                                                         US blocked more forces
                                                  UN mission of 5500 troops in May,
                                                      still delayed due to cost
  1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
                                                 Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
  1962 Independence from Belgium
                                                  Most Hutus who fled have now returned
   Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with
                                                  except group in Congo who have formed
         150,000 driven into exile              insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
 Children of exiles formed a rebel group
                                                         What is the nature
      and began a civil war in 1990
                                                          of this conflict?
ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and
                 moderate Hutus
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
             Tito became Prime Minister and established
                      six Yugoslavian republics:
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
           1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
           1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
     1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
                      recognised by EU and US
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
           1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
     1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
                      recognised by EU and US
         Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
           Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
           1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
     1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
                      recognised by EU and US
         Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
           Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
         1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
Yugoslavia 1991-99
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
              Tito became Prime Minister and established
                       six Yugoslavian republics:
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and
                               Slovenia
            existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions
                              with each other
               Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
           1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
     1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state
                      recognised by EU and US
         Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from
           Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
         1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country

   Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44
                          percent of the Bosnian population
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
Yugoslavia cont...
Yugoslavia cont...
Yugoslavia cont...
    West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Yugoslavia cont...
    West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

      Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
      province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
     where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                   home of Serb identity and culture
Yugoslavia cont...
    West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

      Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
      province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
     where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                   home of Serb identity and culture
    Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Yugoslavia cont...
    West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

      Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
      province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
     where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                   home of Serb identity and culture
    Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

        Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
         prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                       European country by NATO
Yugoslavia cont...
    West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

      Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
      province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
     where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                   home of Serb identity and culture
    Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

        Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
         prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                       European country by NATO

          By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
               President Milosevic forced to back down
Yugoslavia cont...
         West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

           Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
           province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
          where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                        home of Serb identity and culture
        Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

             Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
              prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                            European country by NATO

               By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
                    President Milosevic forced to back down



What tensions caused this conflict?
Yugoslavia cont...
         West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

           Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
           province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
          where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                        home of Serb identity and culture
         Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

             Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
ethnic        prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                            European country by NATO

               By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
                    President Milosevic forced to back down



What tensions caused this conflict?
Yugoslavia cont...
            West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

              Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
              province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
             where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                           home of Serb identity and culture
            Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

                Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
 ethnic          prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                               European country by NATO
religious         By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
                       President Milosevic forced to back down



 What tensions caused this conflict?
Yugoslavia cont...
            West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

              Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
regional      province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
             where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                           home of Serb identity and culture
            Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

                Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
 ethnic          prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                               European country by NATO
religious         By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
                       President Milosevic forced to back down



 What tensions caused this conflict?
Yugoslavia cont...
              West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

                Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the
 regional       province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
               where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as
                             home of Serb identity and culture
nationalist
              Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

                  Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo
  ethnic           prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
                                 European country by NATO
religious           By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and
                         President Milosevic forced to back down



  What tensions caused this conflict?
Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict
chechnya 1991 onwards
chechnya 1991 onwards
chechnya 1991 onwards
Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                   over 160 years
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
     Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
     Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
 This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                                                                  What is the nature of
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
     Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
                                                                     this conflict?
 This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing
                                                                ethnic
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                                                                  What is the nature of
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
     Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
                                                                     this conflict?
 This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
chechnya 1991 onwards
 Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for
                    over 160 years
Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
   they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
            1991 declared independence from Russia as
                  the Soviet Union was collapsing
                                                                ethnic           nationalist
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep
       Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
    1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake
    the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
                 and unpopular conflict
  Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming
                                                                  What is the nature of
                           bombings in Russia on Chechens
     Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
                                                                     this conflict?
 This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
other conflicts

India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and
nationalist)

Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist)

North and South Korea (nationalist)

China and Taiwan (nationalist)

Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist
and ethnic)
review
What was the Cold War?

What causes conflict?

What five conflicts were outlined and what
were their causes?


reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International
Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008
Stay tuned for more
   detail on the gulf
    war, bosnia and
        africa
   as well as global
terroism and post cold
  war Phase 2 - 2001
      onwards...

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Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict

  • 1. Week 1 - Intro Global Conflicts after The Cold War
  • 2. week 1 Key question What has been the nature of global conflict since 1991?
  • 8. The cold war No shooting! But if you do...I will too!
  • 10. key points about the cold war
  • 11. key points about the cold war 1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the USSR) major tension between US and USSR and their allies coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China, USA & NATO nations) space race massive nuclear arms race
  • 13. Causes and nature of conflict in the post cold war world
  • 16. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 17. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 18. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 19. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 20. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 21. COnflict What is conflict?
  • 25. What causes conflict? nationalist tension
  • 26. What causes conflict? nationalist tension economic
  • 27. What causes conflict? nationalist religious tension economic
  • 28. What causes conflict? nationalist ethnic religious tension economic
  • 29. What causes conflict? nationalist ethnic religious tension economic regional
  • 31. Phase 1 - 1990-2001
  • 32. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
  • 33. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
  • 34. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
  • 35. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
  • 36. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil
  • 37. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province
  • 38. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
  • 39. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq 17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm 26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
  • 40. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq 17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm 26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops What sort of tension?
  • 41. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq 17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm 26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops economic What sort of tension?
  • 42. Phase 1 - 1990-2001 The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991 Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of world’s oil Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq 17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm 26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops nationalistWhat sort of tension? economic
  • 47. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
  • 48. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
  • 49. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
  • 50. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
  • 51. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
  • 52. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million of long term starvation
  • 53. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million of long term starvation UN humanitarian intervention in August
  • 54. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million of long term starvation UN humanitarian intervention in August Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
  • 55. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the of long term starvation country UN humanitarian intervention in August Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
  • 56. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the of long term starvation country UN humanitarian intervention in August What is the nature of Also military intervention to assist in disarmament this conflict? and discussions between hostile clans
  • 57. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed ethnic Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the of long term starvation country UN humanitarian intervention in August What is the nature of Also military intervention to assist in disarmament this conflict? and discussions between hostile clans
  • 58. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991 economic Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed ethnic Rival warlords struggled for control of the state By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the of long term starvation country UN humanitarian intervention in August What is the nature of Also military intervention to assist in disarmament this conflict? and discussions between hostile clans
  • 59. Somalia 1992 Independence in 1960 Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991 One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism Insurgencies against his regime and he was regional ousted in 1991 economic Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed Rival warlords struggled for control of the state ethnic By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of Still no government has immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million emerged to take control of the of long term starvation country UN humanitarian intervention in August What is the nature of Also military intervention to assist in disarmament this conflict? and discussions between hostile clans
  • 63. RWANDA 1994 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
  • 64. RWANDA 1994 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium
  • 65. RWANDA 1994 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
  • 66. RWANDA 1994 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
  • 67. RWANDA 1994 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 68. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 69. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 70. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 71. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 72. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus 1962 Independence from Belgium Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 73. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus 1962 Independence from Belgium Most Hutus who fled have now returned Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with except group in Congo who have formed 150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990 ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 74. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus 1962 Independence from Belgium Most Hutus who fled have now returned Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with except group in Congo who have formed 150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda Children of exiles formed a rebel group What is the nature and began a civil war in 1990 of this conflict? ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 75. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus 1962 Independence from Belgium Most Hutus who fled have now returned Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with except group in Congo who have formed 150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda Children of exiles formed a rebel group What is the nature and began a civil war in 1990 of this conflict? ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 76. RWANDA 1994 UN and US reluctant to get involved in regional African regional conflicts after Somalia ethnic UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers US blocked more forces UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost 1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus 1962 Independence from Belgium Most Hutus who fled have now returned Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with except group in Congo who have formed 150,000 driven into exile insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda Children of exiles formed a rebel group What is the nature and began a civil war in 1990 of this conflict? ulminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
  • 80. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
  • 81. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
  • 82. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
  • 83. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
  • 84. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
  • 85. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
  • 86. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US
  • 87. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
  • 88. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government 1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
  • 89. Yugoslavia 1991-99 Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government 1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44 percent of the Bosnian population
  • 93. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
  • 94. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
  • 95. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
  • 96. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO
  • 97. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
  • 98. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down What tensions caused this conflict?
  • 99. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down What tensions caused this conflict?
  • 100. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down What tensions caused this conflict?
  • 101. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down What tensions caused this conflict?
  • 102. Yugoslavia cont... West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994 Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the regional province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians, where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture nationalist Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo ethnic prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a European country by NATO religious By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down What tensions caused this conflict?
  • 106. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years
  • 107. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
  • 108. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing
  • 109. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
  • 110. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict
  • 111. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
  • 112. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
  • 113. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
  • 114. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming What is the nature of bombings in Russia on Chechens Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks this conflict? This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
  • 115. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing ethnic Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming What is the nature of bombings in Russia on Chechens Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks this conflict? This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
  • 116. chechnya 1991 onwards Chechens have fought for independence from Russia for over 160 years Stalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’ 1991 declared independence from Russia as the Soviet Union was collapsing ethnic nationalist Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation 1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody and unpopular conflict Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming What is the nature of bombings in Russia on Chechens Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks this conflict? This allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
  • 117. other conflicts India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and nationalist) Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist) North and South Korea (nationalist) China and Taiwan (nationalist) Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist and ethnic)
  • 118. review What was the Cold War? What causes conflict? What five conflicts were outlined and what were their causes? reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008
  • 119. Stay tuned for more detail on the gulf war, bosnia and africa as well as global terroism and post cold war Phase 2 - 2001 onwards...