Genetically Modified Foods: An Exploration Of Policy In The United States, England, & India

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/

http://thenaturaleye.wordpress.com/

http://www.taxfree15.org.uk/

http://amateurscientistblog.blogspot.com/

http://www.purplemag.com/
http:// http://cr4.globalspec.com/ /
http://myfoodshed.com/

http://kolkata.aidindia.org

http://tradefirstcorp.com/

http://blogs.ubc.ca/justinwoo/

“The genetic modification of plants and animals through domestication and controlled breeding has gone on with little debate for roughly 10,000 years. But since 1973, genetic modification has also been possible through the transfer of isolated genes into the DNA of another organism. This type of genetic engineering—also known as
genetic transformation, transgenesis, or simply GM—is a more powerful and more precise method of modifying life” (Paarlberg, 2000, p. 25).
http://www.dinegreen.com/

An International Debate
England’s consumer lobby against GM foods
vs.
America’s aggressive industry
vs.
India’s poor farmers and poorly fed consumers
http://amazingdiscoveries.org/

The Pros
Pest resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Disease resistance
Cold tolerance
Drought resistance
Salinity tolerance
Nutrition
(Whitman, 2000)
http://manycoatsofcolor.blogspot.com/

“If properly exploited, the GM crop revolution will have life changing— and even life-saving—implications in developing countries. Food-production requirements are increasing rapidly in the tropics due to population growth. Yet agriculture there is lagging, in part because of poor soil; extremes of moisture, heat, and drought; and a plenitude of pests and diseases that attack animals and crops. Poor farmers in tropical Asia and Africa currently lose much of their crop production every year (often more than 30 percent) to insects and plant disease” (Paarlberg, 2000, pp. 30 – 31).
http://www.tylermcpeak.com

The Cons
Potential impacts on human health
Environmental impacts
Domination of world food production by a few companies
Increasing dependence on industrialized nations by developing countries
Ethical issues about animal treatment
Labelling Issues
Economic issues
(Whitman, 2000)
http://www.healthyjunkie.com/

http://www.lowdensitylifestyle.com/
http://snardfarker.ning.com/
http://veghunter.wordpress.com/
http://www.anunews.net/
http://www.oldamericancentury.org/

The United StatesThe Proponent
http://www.flags.net/

http://www.treehugger.com/
http://www.nps.gov/
http://wirednewyork.com/

http://www.theshawnstevensonmodel.com/

EnglandThe Opponent

http://www.topnews.in/
http://www.wallpapers11.com/
http://englisheso.wikispaces.com/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/foeaction/

IndiaThe Underdog

http://www.energyenhancement.org/
http://bengal-tigers.net/
http://deepwarriors.com/

http://amanpour.blogs.cnn.com

It looks increasingly like genetically modified foods will be integrated into the world’s food supply.
http://www.elertgadget.com/

An Unknown Future
Is the human, animal, and
environmental cost too much?
http://www.masternewmedia.org/

References
Andersen, L. (2010). The EU Rules on Labelling of Genetically Modified Foods: Mission
accomplished?. European Food & Feed Law Review, 5(3), 136-143. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Dona, A., & Arvanitoyannis, I. S. (2009). Health risks of genetically modified foods. Critical
Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 49(2), 164-175. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Doward, J. (2011, February 16). GM crops to be allowed into Britain under controversial EU
plans. The Observer. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/

GeneticallyModifiedFoods. (n.d.). Comprehensive advice on genetically modified foods at
Genetically Modified Foods (UK). Retrieved February 15, 2011 from http://www.geneticallymodifiedfoods.co.uk/fact-sheet-pros-vs-cons.html.

Gruère, G. P., Carter, C. A., & Farzin, Y. (2009). Explaining international differences in
genetically modified food labeling policies. Review of International Economics, 17(3), 393-408. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00788.x

Legge Jr., J. S., & Durant, R. F. (2010). Public opinion, risk assessment, and biotechnology:
lessons from attitudes toward genetically modified foods in the European Union. Review of Policy Research, 27(1), 59-76. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2009.00427.x

Malone, A. (2008, November 3). The GM genocide: thousands of Indian farmers are committing
suicide after using genetically modified crops. Mail Online. Retrieved from
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/

http://informedfarmers.com/

References
Mendick, R. & Sawer, P. (2009, October 9). Britain will starve without GM crops, says major
report. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

Paarlberg, R. (2000). The global food fight. Foreign Affairs, 79(3), 24-38. Retrieved from
EBSCOhost.

Paarlberg R. 2002. The real threat to GM crops in poor countries: consumer and policy resistance
to GM foods in rich countries. Food Policy 27:247–50

Ramanna, A. (2006). India’s policy on genetically modified crops. Retrieved from the Asia
Research Centre website: http://www2.lse.ac.uk/asiaResearchCentre/_files/ARCWP15-Ramanna.pdf.

Whitman, D. (2000). Genetically modified foods: harmful or helpful? Retrieved February 16,
2011 from http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php

http://informedfarmers.com/

Genetically Modified Foods: An Exploration Of Policy In The United States, England, & India

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