This document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English, known as "if clauses". It describes 6 main types: Type 0 and Type I deal with real possibilities in the present or future. Type 0 shows a consistent result, while Type I shows a possible result. Type II, III, and mixed types deal with unreal or contrary-to-fact conditions in the present or past. Type II expresses an unreal present condition, Type III an unreal past condition, and mixed types combine aspects of both. Examples are provided for each type along with their typical structures. Other conditional expressions like "unless", "as long as", "so long as", "wish", and "even if"

1. IF CLAUSE
Koşul-şart cümlecikleri olarak adlandırılan IF Clauses iki bölümden oluşur. If yapısının bulunduğu koşul
cümlesi ve kendisinden sonra gelen sonuç cümlesi. Koşul cümlecikleri kendi arasında ikiye ayrılır;
1. True in Present or Future Possibility: Type 0 ve Type I bu kategoriye girer.
Type 0; herhangi bir koşul sağlandığında sonucun hep aynı olduğunu gösterir;
If Present Simple, Present Simple
If you heat the water, it boils.
Type I; herhangi bir koşul sağlandığında bu koşulun olası sonucunu gösterir;
If Present Simple,
will/can/may
If you study hard, you will pass the exam
2. Unreal or contrary-to-fact in present or past;
Type II, Type III ve Mix Type bu kategoriye girer.
Type II; Unreal Present: içinde bulunduğumuz anda gerçek dışı bir durumdan bahsederken kullanılır.
Unreal Present:
If Past Simple, Would / could / might
If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.
Type III; Unreal Past: geçmişte gerçek dışı bir durumdan bahsederken kullanılır.
Unreal Past:
If Past Perfect, Would / could / might have V3
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a ferrari.
Mixed Type;
Geçmişte yapılmamış bir eylemin şu ana olası etkisi; Type III, Type II
If Past perfect, would /Could/ Might V1 now.
If he hadn’t wasted his money, he would be rich now.
Geçmişte yapılmamış bir eylemin şu ana olası etkisi; TypeII, Type III
If Past Simple, would / could / might have V3
If she knew English, she could have promoted last year.
Type
If Clause
Main Clause
True in Present
If Present Simple
Present Simple
Future Possibility
If Present Simple
(Present perfect)
will
can
may
Unreal Present
If Past Simple
Would / could / might
If Past perfect
Would have V3
Could have V3
Might have V3
If Past perfect
Would V1
Could V1
Might V1
If Past Simple
would have V3
could have V3
might have V3
Unreal Past
Mixed Type
Type 0
Water softeners are particularly useful, if you live in a hard-water area.
Tarık İnce
If you use a computer,
you must program it
1

2. yourself.
Herbicides cause no environmental damage if applied only in small amounts.
If a hypothesis successfully passes many tests, it becomes known as a theory.
If the stem cells around the cornea are destroyed, sight is lost.
Apply: uygulamak
Pass: geçmek
Stem cell: kök hücre
Destroy: hasar vermek
Aggressive: saldırgan
Constructive: yapıcı
Focus on: yoğunlaşmak
Attract: cezbetmek
Disappear: yok olmak
Extinct: yok olmak
Insist on: ısrar etmek
Dismiss: kovmak
Type I
Aggressive behaviors can be lessened if parents take a more constructive attitude.
If the film focuses on terrorism, it is not likely to attract large audiences.
if the forest disappears, the eagle will become extinct.
if you insist on being late, I’ll have to take disciplinary action against you.
People need to study very hard if they want to get a good score in exams.
Reduce: azaltmak
If you go on making such mistakes you will be dismissed.
Adopt: benimsemek
Some children can’t understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help Selective: seçkin
Herbicide use could be reduced by 70 per cent if farmers used it to adopt more
selective spraying techniques.
Type II
If ozone disappeared, Earth would become unlivable for most forms of life.
If there was money in people’s pockets then more would be spent on goods.
Small institutions would break down if clear lines of authority did not exist.
Things would be better if people took an interest in local politics.
If trade unions were to close down, it would actually be a great pity.
If she really respected people, she would keep her promises.
It would suit me better if the meeting was held on Tuesday as usual.
Type III
If it hadn’t rained so heavily, we would have walked right round the lake.
We would have enjoyed the play much more if we had had better seats.
I would have helped you if you had asked me to.
If the wind hadn’t been so strong, it would have been easy to put out the fire.
If the others hadn’t voted the younger candidate, I wouldn’t have done so either.
I would most certainly have met you at the station if it had been at all possible.
I would have worn the right shoes if I had known we were going climbing.
They would have come to the concert if we had let them know about it in advance.
Mixed Type
If you had consulted the dentist, you would not need this treatment now.
If any such evidence existed, it would have been published in a scientific journal.
If she were more pessimistic, most probably she would have given up.
If microchips hadn’t been developed back in the late 1950s, computer technology
would not be as advanced as it is today.
If she had incorporated energy-spending activities into her daily routine when she
was younger, she would not have to attend a weight control programme today.
Good: mal, eşya
Break down: bozulmak
Exist: var olmak
Trade: ticari
Close down: kapatmak
Respect: saygı duymak
Suit: uymak
Held on: düzenlemek
Put out: söndürmek
Vote: seçmek
Candidate: aday
Right: doğru
In advance: önceden
Consult: danışmak
Treatment: tedavi
Evidence: delil
Publish: yayımlamak
Give up: bırakmak
Develop: geliştirmek
Advanced: ilerlemiş
Incorporate: katılmak
Attend: katılmak
Unless = if not
Softener: yumuşatıcı
Particularly: özellikle
Herbicide: otkıran ilaç
Tarık İnce
2

3. Depletion of fish stocks cannot be prevented unless overfishing is forbidden.
Unless something unexpected comes up, I will attend the conference.
Most coastal areas may be flooded unless they are protected by dikes.
Unless the native people learn how to use the land and their own resources, the
problem of famine in Africa can never be solved.
Unless further steps are taken to dismantle their extensive nuclear arms, the Arctic
may become a nuclear front again for Russia and the US.
As long as
Like many people I become very happy as long as the sun shines brightly.
Some living things remain as single cells for as long as they live.
Fossil fuels will exist as long as the world exists.
Clinton’s overall popularity remained high as long as the economy was good.
So long as
I’ll do anything so long as I can earn a little money.
Trust in internet cannot exist so long as there are so many suspicious people.
Theories are subject to revision or may lose their validity so long as they are not
supported through arguments.
So long as sleeping pills are taken at very high doses for several weeks or longer,
they can cause dependency in a number of people.
Unexpected: beklenmedik
Come up: çıka gelmek
Protect: korumak
Native: yerli
Famine: kıtlık
Solve: çözmek
Dismantle: dağıtmak
Front: cephe
Remain: geriye kalmak
Fossil fuel: fosil yakıt
Exist: var olmak
Overall: tüm
Earn: kazanmak
Trust: güven
Suspicious: şüpheli
Revision: revizyon
Validity: geçerlilik
Support: desteklemek
Cause: sebep olmak
Dependency: bağımlılık
Wish
Present
I wish you wouldn't work so hard. It's not good for you.
I wish I could help, but I don’t know how.
I wish I knew whether or not our teacher will approve of our cooperation.
Past
I wish they had included some music to make the play more enjoyable.
I wish I could have helped you but I was short of money myself.
Approve: onaylamak
Include: içermek
Short of: yoksun olmak
Discuss: tartışmak
Bore: yol açmak
Treat: davranmak
Critic: eleştirmen
Conversation: konuşma
Accidentally: kazara
Criminal: suçlu
As if
Questions of education are discussed as if they bore no relation to the social system
Many pet owners treat their animals as if they were human beings.
Critics tell us to read a book as if we were having a conversation with the author.
Mixture: karışım
When I accidentally broke his antique vase, I felt as if I had been a criminal.
As Though
Each gas in a mixture of gases acts as though it were the only gas in mixture.
EU acts as though they were essentially in control of environmental policies.
Only if
I’ll take the position only if I can find a good school for my children.
A drug becomes effective only if it is taken for a specific function.
Biodiversity can be preserved only if poor farming practices can be prevented.
Only if we are careful from now on, it is possible to extend the time that we have.
Act: davranmak
Essentially: aslında
Environmental: çevresel
Drug: ilaç
Effective: etkili
Take for: biçim almak
Biodiversity: bio çeşitlilik
Preserve: korumak
Extend: genişletmek
If only
Depletion: tükenmek
Prevent: önlemek
Forbid: yasaklamak
Tarık İnce
3

4. If only I had been wearing suitable shoes I would have enjoyed the climbing.
If only you had read his report you would have realized how prejudiced he was
against the minorities.
If only you'd told me you were planning to spend the summer in Alanya, I would
have joined you there.
Even if
The functions expected of a drug are various even if it is used for a specific disease
We would have walked right round the lake even if it had rained heavily.
They couldn’t have proved his guilt even if they’d had more evidence.
Even if you are immunized, you may still contract other gastro-intestinal disorders
Minority: azınlık
Join: katılmak
Expect: ummak
Various: çeşitli
Disease: hastalık
Prove: kanıtlamak
Guilt: suç
Immunize: bağışıklık
Contract: hastalığa tutulma
Compatible: uygun
Frustrated: sinirli
Annoy: sinirlendirmek
Otherwise
Expectations should be compatible with the child’s level of development otherwise
they will become frustrated and de-motivated.
There was something else annoying him; otherwise, he would never have treated
Ill-balanced: dengesiz
you like that.
Children need to laugh otherwise they will become ill-balanced adults.
Doubt: şüphelenmek
Trade: ticaret yapmak
Regard: değerlendirmek
Whether or not
Member: üye
Economists doubt whether trade can be regarded as an effective means of growth.
Aim. Amaç
I wonder whether all the committee members will attend the meeting today.
Assess: değerlendirmek
The aim of interview is to assess whether or not you are the right person for the job. Increase: artırmak
Controversial: karmaşık
Tests to see whether eating breakfast increases a child’s IQ remain controversial.
I wonder whether you’ll have to change your diet.
Without
Wound infections can result in gangrene if not treated successfully.
Without insects to pollinate flowers, the human race would soon run out of food.
Without advertising, commercial television companies would have to close down.
Without the sun’s energy, all water on planet Earth would be frozen.
Without the internet to help education in schools would be less efficient.
Without the water from the melting snow, agriculture would become impossible.
Wound: yara
Result in: sonuçlanmak
Insect: böcek
Run out of: tükenmek
Freeze: donmak
Education: eğitim
Efficient: etkili
Melt: erimek
Realize: farketmek
Prejudice: önyargı
Tarık İnce
4