8. Pancreas Gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid.
11. Large Intestine Colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it.
12. Key Concept The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Several major accessory structures, including the salivary glands, the pancreas, and liver, add secretions to the digestive system.
13. Key Concept The function of the digestive system is to help convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body.