2. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 The present perfect simple is have/has + past
participle. The past participle often ends in –ed
(finished) but many important verbs are
irregular (lost - done)
 I/you/we/they + have + Verb3 (finished-lost)
 He/she/it + has +Verb3 (done – been)

3.  Positive form;
I have lived in İstanbul for two years
Efe has had this car for three years
 Negative form;
I haven’t lived in İstanbul for two years.
Efe hasn’t had this car for three years.
 Question form;
Have you lived in İstanbul for two years?
Has Efe had this car for three years?

4.  When we say that “something has
happened” this is usually new information
Ow! I have cut my finger.
 When we use the present perfect, there is a
connection with now. The action in the past
has a result now
Where’s your key?
I don’t know. I have lost it.

5.  We can use the present perfect with just/
already/ yet
 Just: a short time ago
I have just had lunch
 Already: to say that happened sooner than
expected
He has already gone
 Yet: until now.use only in questions and
negative sentences
I have written the letter, but I haven’t sent it yet.

6.  Note:
Gone:
Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy (he is
there now)
Been:
Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy.
(she has now come back)