Printing in 3D
Euro Foo ‘04
Arthur, James & Simon

\"Where a calculator on the ENIAC is
equipped with 18,000 vacuum tubes
and weighs 30 tons, computers in the
future may have only 1,000 vacuum
tubes and perhaps weigh 1.5 tons.”
- Popular Mechanics, 1949.
2

Awareness
3

What are 3D printers?
4

What are 3D printers?
 Machines that produce physical objects from
digital data.
4

What are 3D printers?
 Machines that produce physical objects from
digital data.
3D printer
(Solidimension concept modeller)
4

What are 3D printers?
 Machines that produce physical objects from
digital data.
3D printer Physical objects
(Solidimension concept modeller)
4

Science Fiction?

Science Fiction?
It is very real and the technology is
used today.

Where is it used?
6

Where is it used?
 Everywhere from
making shoes
6

Where is it used?
 Everywhere from
making shoes
 And building tank parts
6

Where is it used?
 Everywhere from
making shoes
 And building tank parts
 To medical
applications
X- Print
6 Ray

How do they work?
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How do they work?
 Many different technologies (see “Rapid Prototyping and
Tooling”, A. Maier)
 Develop solid objects and electronics by
building in layers.
 Most interesting
use “inkjet”
technology.
7

How big are the machines?
8

How big are the machines?
 Used to be
8

How big are the machines?
 But
Used to be
technology
changes
8

How big are the machines?
 But to be
Used gets
 And
technology
smaller
changes
8

How big are the machines?
 But to be
Used gets
 And2004, a
 In
technology
smaller
desktop
changes
version is
expected to
be released.
8

How big are the machines?
 But to be
Used gets
 And2004, a
 In
technology
smaller
desktop
changes
version is
expected to
be released.
Cost $19,000
8

State of the industry
Rapid Prototyping Rapid Manufacturing
(RP) (RM)
concept models Finished products
1987 1990 2003 2004
9

Why should we be aware?
10

Why should we be aware?
 Machines which can build other machines
impact the traditional manufacturing model
(e.g. nanotechnology)
10

Why should we be aware?
 Machines which can build other machines
impact the traditional manufacturing model
(e.g. nanotechnology)
 3D printing is such a disruptive technology.
10

Why should we be aware?
 Machines which can build other machines
impact the traditional manufacturing model
(e.g. nanotechnology)
 3D printing is such a disruptive technology.
 There are future implications - Printers
which Print Printers, Open source design
etc.
10

Summary
11

Summary
 This technology:
11

Summary
 This technology:
 Is very real
11

Summary
 This technology:
 Is very real
 Prints customised objects
and electronics.
11

Summary
 This technology:
 Is very real
 Prints customised objects
and electronics.
 High value $700,000,000
$525,000,000
Services
($257M)
$350,000,000
Hardware
($176M)
$175,000,000
Consumables
($94M)
$0
11

Interest
12

3D printing Markets
13

3D printing Markets
Commercial
Prototyping
13

3D printing Markets
Commercial Rapid
Prototyping Manufacturing
13

3D printing Markets
Commercial Rapid
Prototyping Manufacturing
Consumer 3D
Printing
13

Commercial Prototyping
14

Commercial Prototyping
 Concept models.
14

Commercial Prototyping
 Concept models.
 ZCorp has a 32% market share. (Wohler, Rapid Prototyping 2004)
14

Commercial Prototyping
 Concept models.
 ZCorp has a 32% market share. (Wohler, Rapid Prototyping 2004)
 Currently use HP printer
heads.
14

Rapid Manufacturing
15

Rapid Manufacturing
 Finished goods.
15

Rapid Manufacturing
 Finished goods.
 Cost effective for short product runs (less than 6,000 -
Loughborough University)
15

Rapid Manufacturing
 Finished goods.
 Cost effective for short product runs (less than 6,000 -
Loughborough University)
 “Print” in metals, plastics and polymers. NB
patents for inkjet printing electronic circuits.
15

Rapid Manufacturing
 Finished goods.
 Cost effective for short product runs (less than 6,000 -
Loughborough University)
 “Print” in metals, plastics and polymers. NB
patents for inkjet printing electronic circuits.
 Allows for mass customisation.
15

Science Fiction?

Science Fiction?
In Sweden they already “print”
hearing aids customised to the
individual patient.

Consumer 3D printing
17

Consumer 3D printing
 “Printing” physical objects at home.
17

Consumer 3D printing
 “Printing” physical objects at home.
 Instant delivery & customisation.
17

Why?
18

Why?
 Consumers benefits
are customisation,
cost and delivery.
18

Why?
Design
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & RM Stock
Labour
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Printers
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
Design
consumable
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Printers
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
Design
consumable
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Printers Material
consumable
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
18

Why?
Design
Design
consumable
 Consumers benefits Tools & Machinery
are customisation, Factory Space
cost and delivery. Production Raw Materials & & RM Stock
Raw Materials RM Stock
Labour
Printers Material
consumable
Overhead
Warehouse
Distribution Shipping
Overhead
 For manufacturers, the threat is that capital cost
barriers for new competitors are removed.
18

How big is this?
19

How big is this?
 Home Products is a $1 trillion market.
(extrapolated from a $350 billion US Market, US Economic overview 2003)
19

How big is this?
 Home Products is a $1 trillion market.
(extrapolated from a $350 billion US Market, US Economic overview 2003)
 Unexploited
Henry C. Co, Technology and Operations Management,
CSU.
19

Summary
20

Summary
Rapid
Commercial Manufacturin
Prototyping
 Three new markets g
Consumer 3D
Printing
20

Summary
Rapid
Commercial Manufacturin
Prototyping
 Three new markets g
Consumer 3D
Printing
 Uses well known technology
20

Summary
Rapid
Commercial Manufacturin
Prototyping
 Three new markets g
Consumer 3D
Printing
 Uses well known technology
 Relatively unexploited.
20

Market Trends
21

Trends.
22

Trends.
 Hardware & consumables is worth $270M p.a.
and expected to grow to $330M per year by
2006.
22

Trends.
 Hardware & consumables is worth $270M p.a.
and expected to grow to $330M per year by
2006.
$500,000,000
$375,000,000
Add-on services est.
Add-on services
$250,000,000 Hardware est.
Hardware
Consumables est.
Consumables
$125,000,000
$0
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Machine sales
23

Machine sales
 The underlying volume of RP machines sold
shows a high growth level
23

Machine sales
 The underlying volume of RP machines sold
shows a high growth level
2000
1500
3D Machines Estimated
1000 3D Machines sold
500
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
23

Patent Growth
24

Patent Growth
 Gives an idea of the future interest in a market.
24

Patent Growth
 Gives an idea of the future interest in a market.
400
+21%
300
Growth in
RP patents
200
issued.
+231 new
100
RP patents
in 2003
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
24

Thank you
25

Also available in colour.
26