Open. Connect. Communicate.

Open. Connect. Communicate. Connecting the next 5 billion? Presentation: Sameer Verma, Ph.D. Caribbean ITS Conference 2009 Associate Professor Montego Bay, Jamaica Information Systems Department Online at http://slideshare.net/sverma San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA 94132 USA Creative commons license http://creativecommons.org/

Workshop work∙shop Function: noun Date: 1562 a usually brief intensive educational program for a relatively small group of people that focuses especially on techniques and skills in a particular field Source: merriamwebster

Supply side if we build it they will come...

Drivers of Change ● Better chips ● Moore’s Law: Performance doubles every 18 to 24 months, with size and cost remaining at a constant ● 1971: Intel C4004 2300 transistors ● 2009: Intel 8core Xeon (NehalemEX) – 2.3 billion transistors Sources: http://www.cpuworld.com/CPUs/4004/IntelC4004.html and http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20090526comp.htm

Drivers of Change ● Bigger pipes ● Metcalfe’s Law: Usefulness of a network increases with the square of the number of users connected to the network ● Internet – 1969 – 4 nodes (October 1969) – 2009 – 625,226,456 nodes (Jan 2009) Source: https://isc.org/solutions/survey/history

squares (a+b)2 = a2+b2+ 2ab

Value within a network Community X Community Y A B (32) = 9 connections 2 nodes C to C C E C to D (22) = 4 connections C to E A to A D to C A to B D to D B to A D D to E B to B 3 nodes E to C E to D E to E Note: Each community has some potential value, that may or may not be completely realized

Value of a combined network – community Z 5 nodes A B C E (52) = 25 connections D A to A B to A C to A D to A E to A A to B B to B C to B D to B E to B A to C B to C C to C D to C E to C A to D B to D C to D D to D E to D A to E B to E C to E D to E E to E

Where's the cheese? ● (2+3) nodes leads to (2+3)2 connections ● 5 nodes lead to 25 connections ● We already had 4 in community X and 9 in community Y ● In the new community Z, we have an extra of 12 connections. ● This is where the cheese is at, so to speak.

2ab ● Drivers of change ● Metcalfe's law – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe's_law ● Moore's law – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law

Pushing the supply side A common question: “Do they have a business model?” hint: the www did not have a business model

Leveraging the network For value to flow across the network, interoperability is key The network must be open and unencumbered hint: look up net neutrality

Email works RFC 822 STANDARD FOR THE FORMAT OF ARPA INTERNET TEXT MESSAGES August 13, 1982

IM doesn't

Where is imunified.org now?

Networks two step process: a) connect b) communicate

Convergence from telco platforms to commodity tech

The free and open source pbx http://www.asterisk.org/ Two cases: Astlinux and Trixbox

Astlinux ● Astlinux (http://www.astlinux.org/) ● 64 MB installation ● 128 MB RAM ● Webbased (https) management ● Soekris net 4801 (http://www.soekris.com/ ) ● 233 MHz x86 processor ● Embedded, 12 to 48 volt PoE ● Carry 10 to 12 simultaneous SIP or IAX calls

soekris net 4801 Source: http://www.soekris.com/net4801.htm Approx 170 USD

Astlinux variants CD iso config+log+voicemail VMWare image Compact USB Keydisk Flash Hard Drive http://sourceforge.net/projects/astlinux/ Interested? See more here, here and here

2007.june.28:thursday Web Interface Dr. Sameer Verma, Ph.D. 23

Trixbox ● Trixbox appliance ● CentOS Linux based ● 1.6 GHz DualCore ● 1GB RAM ● Can handle – 48 ports – 200 SIP phones http://www.trixbox.org/ Or simply use a PIII or better, with 512 MB RAM

centralized

distributed

Cost expensive to interconnect

local We set up local networks first

interconnected We interconnect when we can afford to

Who do we communicate with? communication: begin locally or globally

Is 24x7 global connectivity overrated?

Chicken and the egg Infrastructure or nodes – which must come first?

One Laptop Per Child http://laptop.org and http://wiki.laptop.org

Somebody is finally thinking of the children!

A different generation...

School Galadima, Abuja City, Nigeria See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Galadima

Samkha village located in the suburbs of northern Thailand See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Thailand/Ban_Samkha

Khairat school is India's pilot site. See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_India

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Ulaanbaatar

Ethopia http://www.reactivated.net/weblog/archives/2008/10/olpcethiopiaupdates/

Ghana http://www.flickr.com/photos/olpc/2921143251/

Cameroon http://www.flickr.com/photos/olpc/3110907018/in/set72157611290673682/

Afghanistan http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Afghanistan

Colombia http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Colombia

Peru http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Peru

Rwanda http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Rwanda

Iraq http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Iraq

Haiti http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Haiti

Solomon Islands http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Solomon_Islands

Nepal http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Nepal

OLPC Jamaica: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Jamaica

Deployments worldwide http://www.buzzmoo.com/?p=257

Deployments worldwide ... ... http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Property:Number_of_manufactured_laptops

school...to go

Sugar: Free and Open Source Collaboration Activities Journal Sugarlabs at http://sugarlabs.org

Collaboration

Activities ● Write ● A simple word processor ● Chat ● Similar to Google Talk ● Browse ● Firefoxbased ● Record ● stills and video More activities... http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Activities

Journal

Mesh Networking ● Mesh does not require central hublike infrastructure ● Wireless mesh works even when the computer sleeps Based on an early draft of IEEE 802.11s

Under a tree model Mesh “under a tree” model. See slide 7 at http://wiki.laptop.org/images/a/a3/Country_Technical_Support.pdf

Local network

Global network

Until then? Sneakernet! ● Offline Internet ● Not so far fetched. Akamai and Internet Archive do something similar, with mirroring ● Running the mirroring cycle – A few hours, or a few weeks? ● See projects: ● Wizzy – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizzy_Digital_Courier ● Motoman – http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Motoman

So, until then... We set up local networks, and run them as self contained worlds. Imagine that. Internet in a box! Once we have such networks, we can do interesting things with it...

every computer doubles up as a phone )))))..............(((((

Run VOIP clients on laptops

Run Asterisk on the School Server FitPC as School Server http://www.fitpc.com/ See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/IAX for more

hello! hello! hello! hello! hello! hello!

communicate locally with... ...brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, bus driver, fishmonger, doctor, banker, loan shark (ouch!), healer, priest, lawyer (more ouch!), mayor...

remember, its a 2 step process 1) connect 2) communicate

some day, access to the Internet will be cheap enough...

some day a telco connection will be cheap enough...

That day, we light it up and set the network ablaze!

Until then, a monthold copy of Wikipedia isn't that bad.

Open. Connect. Communicate. Connect the next 5 billion!

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Open. Connect. Communicate.

by Sameer Verma

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