Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Industrial revolution
1. Today we are learning about
industrialization and its effects on Western
countries
2. Answer the following questions using your clicker!
1. T/F The Industrial Revolution began in France
FALSE! Great Britain was the birthplace of
industrialization!
3. 2. Before the Industrial Revolution most clothing was
made out of:
a. Silk
b. Cotton
c. Wool
d. Flannel
C- Wool – cloth used in clothing had not changed much
from medieval times for the poor. Most people wore
linen underneath the wool garments although both
are itchy!
4. 3. T/F People in the mid 19th century often worked from
home processing a raw material for an entrepreneur.
True! A population boom created more rural peasants
who needed to work and agricultural work wasn’t
always available. This production method became
known as the cottage industry and cotton was the first
good effected by this.
5. 4. T/F James Hargreaves
named the spinning jenny
after his daughter.
???? – he never admitted this.
He did try to keep his
invention secret but other
spinners became suspicious
because his family produced
so much yarn. They burst into
his house, destroyed his
machine, and forced his
family to move away.
6. 5. T/F Queen Victoria
ruled England during the
Industrial Revolution.
TRUE! Queen Victoria (1819-1901
Crowned 1838) and her German
cousin, Prince Albert brought many
great things to Great Britain. This
time period 1838-1901 was known as
Victorian Britain.
The Great Exhibition
Christmas Trees
Public Education
Dinosaurs!
8. Population boom = more work
needed
Agricultural advances
Higher yield per acre
More & better food in diet
Improved immune systems
Decline in disease & warfare
Florence Nightingale (Lady of the
Lamp)
The Crimean War
Press reported on military hospital conditions
Cleaned up military hospitals
Returned to ENG founded nursing school
Draining of Marsh & Swap lands
Decreased # of insects
9. Method of production in which tasks are done by
individuals in their rural homes
Entrepreneur invest in raw materials family
perform processing steps Entrepreneur pay workers
export/sell in city
Provided:
Entrepreneur – cheap labor
Rural workers – steady income
Spinsters – unmarried and widowed
women who made their living by
spinning thread for weavers.
12. 1. Townsend A. Landowners allowed to
fence off land
2. Tull
B. Steam pump
3. Enclosure movement
C. Crop rotation
4. Kay D. Spinning Jenny
5. Hargreaves E. Spinning Mule
6. Crompton F. Cotton Gin
7. Watt G. Power Loom
8. Cartwright H. Flying Shuttle
I. Seed Drill
J. Steam Engine
13. 9. Fulton A. Internal combustion engine (gasoline)
10. Morse B. telephone
11. Bell C. Radio
12. Tesla D. Airplane
E. Interchangeable parts
13. Marconi
F. Photograph, light bulb
14. Daimler
G. Assembly line
15. Wright
H. Attached steam engine on boat
I. telegraph
J. Electric coil
14. Today we are learning how the world was effected by the
inventions of the Industrial Revolution.
15. Arkwright’s water frame
Spin yarn/thread faster/stronger than spinning
jenny
Too big for home operation
Need for special buildings near water
Need for worker in area
Crompton’s spinning mule
Spinning jenny + water frame
Cartwright’s power loom
Used steam to produce product faster than man
power
The Luddites
Disgruntled workers feared job loss or lower wages
Australia bound
What does this lead to?
New labor system
Shift work & Rural worker issues
16. Mid 18th century- Eng – no forest
Man/horse power – too slow
Coal = answer
Problem- Mines filled w/ water
17. Thomas Savery’s steam-
powered pump
Very dangerous, often
exploded
– no movable parts
19. James Watt’s
engine
Fixed both
Thomas’
problems
Steam cool away
from cylinder
More efficient
and produced
more raw power
20. Before 18th century no change from Middle Ages in
Iron production.
Henry Cort’s puddling furnace
Allowed pig(raw) iron to be refined w/coke(coal-H2O)
Produced stronger iron
Iron Production Stats:
1740 1780s (after Cort’s invention) 1852
17,000 tons 70,000 tons 3 million tons
What does this lead to?
21. Iron Industry
Henry Cort, puddling (produces high quality iron)
Stronger iron allows for new machines, esp. trains
Railroad
Richard Trevithick, steam-powered locomotive
George Stephenson, Rocket, 1830
Ripple effect
Prices of goods fall; markets grow larger; increased
sales mean more factories and machinery; thus, self-
sustaining
The Industrial Factory
Workers in shifts
Workers come from rural areas
Regulations
22. Population Growth and Urbanization
European population 1750 -140 million
1850 - 266 million
Decline of death rate
Less war
Less disease
More food
Growth of cities
Poor living conditions
Sanitation poor
23. Potato crop infested
w/fungus
1/3 of population depends
on potato to survive
1 million people died
1 million moved to US
24. New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
New bourgeoisie/New elite
Constructed the factories, purchased the machines,
figured out where the markets were
Reduce the barriers between themselves and the landed
elite
New Social Classes: The Industrial Working Class
Poor working conditions
12-16 hours per day, 6 days a week
Women and children
Paid ½ of what men get
Factory Act of 1833 – minimum age to work - 9
Efforts at Change
Socialism – society (govt) owns factors of production
Utopian socialists – all fail
25. 1. Arkwright’s water frame made stronger yarn but
wasn’t practical for _______ use.
2. The ________________ combined the spinning
jenny and the water frame.
3. The power loom was so ________ workers became
scared and began to protest.
4. The main problem with coal mines was ________.
5. The first steam pump was dangerous and often
__________ due to no movable parts.
6. The ultimate solution to the water/coal problem
was solved by ________.
7. Raw iron aka _____ iron.
29. 1. Henry Ford A. Transportation
2. Jethro Tull B. Steel production
3. Henry Cort C. Agriculture
4. Richard Arkwright D. Textile production
5. Charles Townshend
30. Today we are learning about working conditions during the
Industrial Revolution
31. Not until the 1820s
Why work in a factory?
Cottages works – step backwards
No more setting own schedule
Machinery
Very dangerous
32. Entire families hired
All worked in home, so all worked in factories
Men
Hardest labor
Women
Operated machines
Children
Swept
Picked up scraps
Worked on machines
Crop rotationEnclosed pasture landUsing manure for fertilizationNitrogen replenishing crops (legumes)New farming devices.John Kay – Flying shuttle. A device allowed wavers to easily produce wider pieces of cloth at faster speeds. Created the need for more thread and yarn.
As you now know about the inventions that were created during the Ind. Rev, now let’s take a closer look at the first factories.